On this day in History - May 22
- 0337 - Eusebius of Caesaria Constantine the Great, dies (b. 0272). Roman emperor.
- 1455 - Wars of the Roses: At the First Battle of St Albans, Richard, Duke of York, defeats and captures King Henry VI of England.
- 1540 - Francesco Guicciardini dies (b. 1483).
- 1667 - Pope Alexander VII dies (b. 1599).
- 1694 - Daniel Gran was born (d. 1757). Austrian painter.
- 1715 - François-Joachim de Pierre de Bernis was born (d. 1794). French cardinal and statesman.
- 1772 - Ram Mohan Roy was born (d. 1833). Hindu reformer.
- 1807 - A grand jury indicts former Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr on a charge of treason.
- 1808 - Gérard de Nerval was born (d. 1855). French writer.
- 1813 - Richard Wagner was born (d. 1883). German composer. (Der Ring Des Nibelungen).
- 1819 - The SS Savannah leaves port at Savannah, Georgia on a voyage to become the first steamship to cross the Atlantic Ocean. The ship will arrive at Liverpool, England on June 20. This day is now celebrated in the United States as National Maritime Day.
- 1828 - Restauração da Carta Constitucional na ilha Terceira, após a dissolução das Cortes constitucionais, em Março, e a proclamação de D. Miguel como rei absoluto, em Abril. A Terceira irá tornar-se o centro da resistência contra o regime absolutista.
- 1841 - Catulle Mendès was born (d. 1909). French poet.
- 1844 - Mary Cassatt was born in Alleghany (d. 14 Jun 1926). American impressionist painter and printmaker, (The Bath).
- 1848 - Fritz von Uhde was born (d. 1911). German painter.
- 1849 - Louis Perrier was born (d. 1913). Swiss politician.
- 1849 - Abraham Lincoln was issued a patent for "buoying boats over shoals" (No. 6,469). He was the first American president to receive a patent.
- 1851 - Tem início o período conhecido por Regeneração, com a formação do governo presidido pelo duque de Saldanha e tendo a participação de Rodrigo da Fonseca Magalhães e de António Maria Fontes Pereira de Melo. Caracteriza-se por ser um período de paz política e progresso material.
- 1852 - Émile Sauret was born. French composer.
- 1856 - Congressman Preston Brooks of South Carolina beats Senator Charles Sumner with a cane in the hall of the United States Senate for a speech Sumner had made attacking Southerners who sympathized with the pro-slavery violence in Kansas ("Bleeding Kansas").
- 1859 - Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh, Scotland (d. 7 Jul 1930). Physician and writer ( Sherlock Holmes series).
- 1872 - Reconstruction: President Ulysses S. Grant signs the Amnesty Act of 1872 into law restoring full civil rights to all but about 500 Confederate sympathizers.
- 1874 - Daniel François Malan, was born (d. 1959). First prime minister of apartheid government in South Africa (1948-1954).
- 1875 - Duque de Loulé dies. Portuguese politician.
- 1879 - Alla Nazimova was born (d. 1945). Ukrainian-born actress, scriptwriter and producer
- 1879 - Warwick Armstrong was born (d. 1947). Australian cricketer.
- 1882 - United States formally recognized Korea.
- 1885 - Giacomo Matteotti was born (d. 1924). Italian politician.
- 1885 - Toyoda Soemu was born (d. 1957). Japanese admiral.
- 1885 - Victor Hugo dies (b. 1802). French author.
- 1888 - Hal Gye was born at Ryde New South Wales. Artist and writer who lived and worked in Melbourne in the early twentieth century. He is perhaps best known for his illustration of C.J.Dennis' The Songs of a Sentimental Blokee Edwards was born (d. 1963). Jazz musician.
- 1894 - Friedrich Pollock was born (d. 1970). German sociologist, economist and philosopher.
- 1895 - Jiddu Krishnamurti was born. Indian spiritual teacher.
- 1902 - Al Simmons was born (d. 1956). Baseball Hall of Famer.
- 1906 - The 1906 Summer Olympics, not now recognized as part of the official Olympic Games, opens in Athens.
- 1907 - Sir Laurence Olivier was born (d. 11 Jul 1989). English Academy Award-winning actor: Hamlet [1948]; War Requiem, The Boys from Brazil, Brideshead Revisited, Carrie, The Jazz Singer, Peter the Great, Richard III, Spartacus, The Merchant of Venice, Marathon Man, Khartoum; Emmy Award-winning actor: The Moon and Sixpence [1960], A Long Day’s Journey into Night [1973], Love Among the Ruins [1975], Brideshead Revisited, King Lear [1984];
- 1907 - Hergé was born (d. 1983). Comic book creator and cartoonist (Tin-Tin).
- 1908 - The Wright Brothers patent their aircraft.
- 1910 - Johnny Olson was born (d. 1985). Game show announcer.
- 1911 - Anatol Rapoport was born. Mathematical psychologist & pianist.
- 1911 - Portugal: O Escudo torna-se a moeda oficial, em substituição do Real. O escudo será dividido em cem partes iguais, denominados centavos, correspondendo um centavo aos antigos dez réis.
- 1912 - Herbert Charles Brown, was born (d. 19 Dec 2004). English-born American chemist who developed organoboranes which provided many new techniques in synthetic organic chemistry. For this accomplishment, he shared (with Georg Wittig) the 1979 Nobel Prize for Chemistry
- 1914 - Vance Packard was born (d. 1996). Author.
- 1914 - Sun Ra was born (d. 1993). Jazz musician.
- 1917 - Georg Tintner was born (d. 1999). Conductor.
- 1920 - Thomas Gold was born (d. 2004). Austrian astrophysicist.
- 1922 - Quinn Martin was born (d. 1987). Television producer.
- 1924 - Charles Aznavour was born. French singer, actor, composer.
- 1925 - Jean Tinguely was born (d. 1991). Kinetic artist.
- 1925 - Foi fundada a Sociedade de escritores e compositores teatrais portugueses .
- 1926 - Eleine Leighton was born. Drummer: played with Billie Holiday
- 1927 - Michael Constantine was born. Actor.
- 1927 - George A. Olah was born. Hungarian-American chemist who won the 1994 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for work conducted in the early 1960s that isolated the positively charged, electron-deficient fragments of hydrocarbons known as carbocations (or carbonium ions).
- 1928 - Jackie Cain was born. Pop artist.
- 1930 - Kenny Ball was born. Trumpet player
- 1930 - John Barth was born. American writer.
- 1930 - Harvey Milk was born (d. 1978). Politician, civil rights activist.
- 1934 - Peter Nero was born. Musician.
- 1937 - Guy Marchand was born. French musician and actor.
- 1938 - Richard Benjamin was born. Actor.
- 1938 - Susan Strasberg was born. Actress.
- 1939 - Ernst Toller dies. Author.
- 1939 - Jiri Mahen dies. Author.
- 1940 - Fernando Matos Silva was born. Portuguese film director.
- 1940 - Bernard Shaw was born. Television journalist.
- 1941 - Paul Winfield was born (d. 2004).
- 1942 - Volker Canaris was born. Theatre director.
- 1942 - Theodore Kaczynski was born. Bomber.
- 1942 - Calvin Simon was born. Musician (P Funk).
- 1943 - Betty Williams was born. Politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.
- 1943 - Tommy John was born. Major League Baseball pitcher.
- 1946 - George Best was born. English footballer.
- 1947 - Cold War: In an effort to fight the spread of Communism, President Harry S. Truman of the U.S. signs an act into law that will later be called the Truman Doctrine. The act grants $400 million in military and economic aid to Turkey and Greece.
- 1949 - Klaus Mann dies (b. 1906). German writer.
- 1966 - Tom Goddard dies (b. 1900). English cricketer.
- 1950 - Bernie Taupin was born. Songwriter.
- 1950 - Mahumud Celal Bayar assume a Presidencia da Turquia enquanto Adnan Menderes assume o cargo de primeiro-ministro.
- 1950 - Alfonso Quiñónez Molina dies. President of El Salvador (1923-1927).
- 1957 - Gary Sweet was born. Actor.
- 1959 - Morrissey was born. Singer.
- 1960 - Hideaki Anno was born. Japanese director.
- 1960 - An earthquake measuring 9.5 on the Richter scale, now known as the Great Chilean Earthquake, affects southern Chile. It is the most powerful earthquake ever recorded.
- 1962 - Continental Airlines Flight 11 crashes after bombs explode.
- 1967 - Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, the longest-running children's series on television, airs its first episode.
- 1967 - Langston Hughes dies (b. 1902). American writer.
- 1968 - The nuclear-powered submarine the USS Scorpion sinks with 99 men aboard 400 miles southwest of the Azores.
- 1968 - James Luecke was born. Saxophonist.
- 1970 - Naomi Campbell was born. Fashion model and actress.
- 1972 - Annabel Chong was born. Actress.
- 1972 - Alison Eastwood was born.
- 1972 - Ceylon adopts a new constitution, changes its name to Sri Lanka, and joins the British Commonwealth.
- 1972 - Cecil Day-Lewis dies (b. 1904). Poet and writer.
- 1972 - Margaret Rutherford dies (b. 1892). Actress.
- 1974 - O governo português reconhece como interlocutores, nas conversações a realizar sobre a descolonização, o PAIGC, o MPLA, a UNITA, a FNLA e a FRELIMO.
- 1978 - Katie Price (Jordan), was born. Model and media personality.
- 1983 - Albert Claude die (b. 24 Aug 1898). Belgian-American cytologist who developed the principal methods of separating and analyzing components of the living cell. For this work, on which modern cell biology is partly based, Claude, his student George Palade, and Christian de Duve shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1974.
- 1984 - Alex Bogdanovic was born. British tennis player.
- 1990 - North and South Yemen are unified to create the Republic of Yemen.
- 1990 - Rocky Graziano dies (b. 1922). American boxer.
- 1992 - Zellig Harris dies (b. 1909). Linguist.
- 1992 - After 30 years, 66-year-old Johnny Carson hosts the Tonight Show for the last time.
- 1997 - Kelly Flinn, US Air Force's first female bomber pilot certified for combat, accepts a general discharge in order to avoid a court martial.
- 1997 - The US Postal Service released a Bugs Bunny commemorative stamp, the first animated character on a US stamp.
- 1997 - Alfred Day Hershey dies (b. 4 Dec 1908). American biologist who, along with Max Delbrück and Salvador Luria, won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1969.
- 1998 - Lewinsky scandal: A federal judge rules that United States Secret Service agents can be compelled to testify before a grand jury concerning the scandal, involving President Bill Clinton.
- 1998 - Na Irlanda do Norte, um acordo de paz é aprovado por católicos e protestantes.
- 1998 - Em Lisboa, abriu ao público, em 1998, a última exposição mundial do século. In Portugal just 12,000 people visited the Expo by midday on its first day. Organizers had predicted an average daily attendance of 140,000.
- 1998 - Francisco Lucas Pires dies. Portuguese professor and politician.
- 1998 - José Cayolla dies. Portuguese essayst.
- 2001 - It was reported that researchers had identified a gene linked to Crohn’s disease, an inflammatory bowel disorder.
- 2002 - American civil rights movement: A jury in Birmingham, Alabama convicts former Ku Klux Klan member Bobby Frank Cherry of the 1963 murders of four girls in the bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church.
- 2002 - Pope John Paul (82) arrived in Azerbaijan for a 2-day visit before continuing on to Bulgaria. He hope to improve relations with the Muslim and Christian Orthodox believers.
- 2003 - In Fort Worth, Texas, Annika Sörenstam becomes the first woman to play the PGA Tour in 58 years.
- 2004 - Hallam, Nebraska wiped out by a powerful F4 tornado which broke a width record at an astounding 2.5 miles wide. It also killed one.
- 2004 - Richard Biggs dies (b. 1960). Actor.
- 2004 - Manmohan Singh assume o cargo de primeiro-ministro da Índia.
- 2004 - The ship car carrier MV Hyundai, carrying 4,000 cars, sank after colliding with the oil tanker MT Kaminesan just south of Singapore.
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