On this day in History - Apr. 19

• 1012 - Martyrdom of St Alphege in Greenwich, London.
• 1012 - Alphege dies (b. 0954). Archbishop of Canterbury.
• 1054 - Pope Leo IX dies (b. 1002). Pope (1049-54).
• 1320 - King Peter I of Portugal [1357-67] was born (d. 1367).
• 1390 - King Robert II of Scotland dies (b. 1316) .
• 1472 - León Battista Alberti dies. Architect and humanist.
• 1506 - Massacre de judeus em Lisboa, morrem cerca de 3000 pessoas.
• 1524 - Pope Clemens VII fires Netherlands inquisitor-general French Van de Holly
• 1529 - At the Diet of Speyer a group of rulers (German: Fürst) and independent cities (German: Reichsstadt) protests the reinstatement of the Edict of Worms, beginning the Protestant movement.
• 1539 - The Treaty of Frankfurt is signed.
• 1560 - Philipp Melanchthon dies (b. 16 Feb 1497). Theologist and humanist, collaborator and friend of Luther, .
• 1578 - Uesugi Kenshin dies (b. 1530). Japanese samurai and warlord.
• 1587 - Sir Francis Drake sinks the Spanish fleet in Cadiz Harbor.
• 1588 - Paolo Veronese dies (b. 1528). Italian painter.
• 1632 - Sigismund dies (b. 1561). King of Sweden and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
• 1648 - Primeira batalha dos Guararapes, no Brasil, em que o exército português comandado por Francisco Barreto vence os holandeses.
• 1689 - Queen Christina of Sweden dies (b. 1626) .
• 1713 - Pragmatic Sanction was signed.
• 1721 - Roger Sherman was born (d. 1793). Signer of the Declaration of Independence.
• 1721 - Thomas McKean was born (d. 1817). Signer of the Declaration of Independence.
• 1753 - Caspar Johann Schneider was born (d. 24 Feb 1839). German artist.
• 1770 - Captain James Cook first spots Australia.
• 1775 - American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Lexington and Concord - British General Thomas Gage attempts to confiscate American colonists's firearms. The British are driven back to Boston, Massachusetts, thus beginning the American Revolutionary War.
• 1790 - Nicolas-Jacques Juliard dies (b. 1715). French artist.
• 1795 - Jean Charles Joseph Rémond was born (d. 15 Jul 1875). French artist.
• 1801 - Gustav Theodor Fechner was born (d. 18 Nov 1887). German physicist and philosopher who was a key figure in the founding of psychophysics, the science concerned with quantitative relations between sensations and the stimuli producing them .
• 1809 - The army of Austria attacks and is defeated by the forces of the Duchy of Warsaw in the Battle of Raszyn, part of the struggles of the Fifth Coalition.
• 1810 - Venezuela achieves home rule: Emparan, Governor of the Captaincy General is removed by the people of Caracas and a Junta is installed.
• 1813 - Benjamin Rush dies (b. 1745). Physician, activist.
• 1813 - Samuel Gregory was born (d. 23 Mar 1872). American pioneer in the medical education of women who founded the Boston Female Medical School (1848), first medical school in the world exclusively for women, because he disapproved of male doctors attending childbirth.
• 1822 - Comienza a funcionar en Buenos Aires la Facultad de Medicina.
• 1824 - George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron [ Lord Byron] dies (b. 1788). Author, poet.
• 1832 - José Echegaray y Eizaguirre, was born in Madrid (d. 14 Sep 1916). Spanish engineer, author and politician Nobel Prize in Literature -1904
• 1837 - Anatacio Bustamante assume (pela 2º vez) a presidência do México.
• 1839 - The Treaty of London establishes Belgium as a kingdom and Luxembourg a Grand Duchy.
• 1849 - Eva Gonzalès, Mme Henri Guérard, was born (d. 05 may 1883). French Impressionist painter.
• 1851 - James Fenimore Cooper dies (b. 15 Sep 1789). Americam writer. (The Pioneers, 1823; The Last of the Mohicans, 1826...)
• 1861 - American Civil War: A pro-Secession mob in Baltimore, Maryland attacks United States Army troops marching through the city.
• 1865 - Charles C. Wood dies (b. 25 Apr 1792). British-born painter who emigrated to the US (1817) and then to Chile (1820). Diseñó el primer Escudo Nacional de Chile, adoptado en 1832.
• 1867 - Nace en Mercedes, provincia de Buenos Aires, Roberto Payró, periodista y escritor.
• 1868 - Paul (Percy) Harris was born em Racine-USA, Founder of Rotary International .
• 1869 - Józef Mehoffer was born (d. 08 Jul 1946). Polish painter, printmaker, and decorative artist.
• 1870 - Andreas Schelfout dies (b. 16 Feb 1787). The Hague Dutch painter and watercolorist.
• 1880 - Albert Wallace Hull was born (d. 22 Jan 1966). American physicist who independently discovered the powder method of X-ray analysis of crystals (1917), which permits the study of crystalline materials in a finely divided microcrystalline, or powder, state. He also invented the magnetron (1921) and the thyratron (1927).
• 1881 - Benjamin Disraeli dies (b. 1804). Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• 1882 - Charles Darwin dies (b. 1809). Biologist, author.
• 1882 - Getúlio Vargas was born (d. 1954). Brazilien politician and 20th, 21st, 22nd e 25th President of Brazil (13 Nov 1930- 29 Oct 1945 and 31 Jan 1951- 24 Aug 1954).
• 1883 - Richard von Mises was born (d. 14 Jul 1953). Austrian-American mathematician and aerodynamicist who notably advanced statistics and the theory of probability. Von Mises' contributions range widely, also including fluid mechanics, aerodynamics, and aeronautics.
• 1886 - Manuel Bandeira was born in Recife. Brazilian poet. / Nascimento no Recife, de Manuel Bandeira (Manuel Carneiro de Souza Bandeira Filho), professor, poeta, cronista, crítico, historiador literário e membro da Academia Brasileira de Letras.
• 1891 - Riccardo Bacchelli was born in Bologna, Italy (d. 8 oct 1985) . Italien writer.
• 1892 - Germaine Tailleferre was born (d. 1983). Composer.
• 1892 - Charles Duryea claims to have driven the first automobile in the United States, in Springfield, Massachusetts.
• 1892 - Herbert Wilcox was born. English film director and producer.
• 1896 - Niklaus Stöcklin was born (d. 1982). Swiss artist.
• 1897 - Constance Talmadge was born (d. 1973). Actress.
• 1897 - 1st American marathon ran (Boston), John J McDermott wins in 2:55:10
• 1898 - 2nd Boston Marathon won by Ron McDonald of Mass in 2:42:00
• 1899 - Duarte Pacheco was born. Portuguese engineer and statesman.
• 1899 - 3rd Boston Marathon won by Lawrence Brignolia of Mass in 2:54:38
• 1900 - Richard Hughes was born (d. 1976). Novelist.
• 1900 - 4th Boston Marathon won by Jim Caffrey of Canada in 2:39:44.4
• 1901 - 5th Boston Marathon won by Jim Caffrey of Canada in 2:29:23.6
• 1902 - 6th Boston Marathon won by Sam Mellor of New York in 2:43:12
• 1903 - Eliot Ness was born (d. 1957). Untouchable, FBI agent-Chicago who put Al Capone behind bars.
• 1903 - Morre o Conde de Ficalho, cientista português.
• 1904 - Richard Pough was born (d. 24 Jun 2003). American ecologist who was founding president of the Nature Conservancy (1950), one of the nation's largest environmental organizations.
• 1904 - Much of Toronto, Ontario, Canada is destroyed by fire.
• 1904 - 8th Boston Marathon won by Michael Spring of New York in 2:38:04.4
• 1905 - 9th Boston Marathon won by Fred Lorz of New York in 2:38:25.4
• 1906 - 10th Boston Marathon won by Tim Ford of Mass in 2:45:45 .
• 1906 - Pierre Curie, dies (b. 1859). Physicist.
• 1907 - 11th Boston Marathon won by Tom Longboat of Canada in 2:24:24
• 1909 - Joan of Arc is declared a saint.
• 1909 - 13th Boston Marathon won by Henri Renaud of NH in 2:53:36.8
• 1910 - 14th Boston Marathon won by Fred Cameron of Canada in 2:28:52.4
• 1911 - As universidades de Coimbra, Lisboa e Porto passam a gozar de autonomia económica e científica.
• 1911 - 15th Boston Marathon won by Clarence DeMar of Mass in 2:21:39.6
• 1912 - Glenn T. Seaborg was born (d. 25 Feb 1999). American nuclear chemist. Seaborg and his early collaborator Edwin McMillan shared the 1951 Nobel Prize for chemistry. Seaborg was chairman of the US Atomic Energy Commission 1962-71. Element 106, seaborgium (1974), was named in his honour.
• 1912 - 16th Boston Marathon won by Mike Ryan of New York in 2:21:18.2
• 1912 - Glenn Seaborg, was born (d. 1999) American chemist and Nobel Prize winner.
• 1913 - 17th Boston Marathon won by Fritz Carlson of Minnesota in 2:25:14.8
• 1914 - Charles Sanders Peirce, dieas (b. 1839). Pragmatic semiologist.
• 1915 - 19th Boston Marathon won by Edouard Fabre of Canada in 2:31:41.2
• 1916 - 20th Boston Marathon won by Arthur Roth of Mass in 2:27:16.4
• 1917 - 21st Boston Marathon won by Bill Kennedy of New York in 2:28:37.2
• 1919 - Leslie Irvin of the United States makes the first successful parachute jump and free fall
• 1919 - 23rd Boston Marathon won by Carl Linder of Mass in 2:29:13.4
• 1920 - 24th Boston Marathon won by Peter Trivoulidas of Greece in 2:29:31
• 1921 - 25th Boston Marathon won by Frank Zuna of New Jersey in 2:18:57.6
• 1922 - Sacadura Cabral e Gago Coutinho concretizam a sua travessia do Atlântico sul ao chegarem ao Rochedo de São Pedro.
• 1922 - 26th Boston Marathon won by Clarence DeMar of Mass in 2:18:10
• 1923 - 27th Boston Marathon won by Clarence DeMar of Mass in 2:23:37.4
• 1923 - Lygia Fagundes Telles was born. Brazilian writer, 2005 Camões Prize laureate.
• 1924 - 28th Boston Marathon won by Clarence DeMar of Mass in 2:29:40.2
• 1925 - Se funda el Club Social y Deportivo Colo Colo de Santiago de Chile
• 1925 - Hugh O'Brien, American actor .
• 1926 - 30th Boston Marathon won by Johnny Miles of Canada in 2:25:40.4
• 1927 - Mae West is sentenced to 10 days in jail for obscenity for her play Sex.
• 1927 - 31st Boston Marathon won by Clarence DeMar of Mass in 2:40:22.2
• 1928 - The final volume of the Oxford English Dictionary is published.
• 1928 - 32nd Boston Marathon won by Clarence DeMar of Mass in 2:37:07.8
• 1928 - Alexis Korner, was born (d. 1984). Rock musician.
• 1929 - 33rd Boston Marathon won by Johnny Miles of Canada in 2:33:08.6
• 1930 - 34th Boston Marathon won by Clarence DeMar of Mass in 2:34:48.2
• 1930 - Dick Sargent was born (d. 1994). Actor.
• 1930 - Armando Bógus was born in São Paulo (d. 2 May 1993). Brazilian actor.
• 1930 - Georges-Casimir Dessaulles dies (b. 1837). Canadian Senator.
• 1932 - Fernando Botero was born in Medellín, Colombia. Colombian sculptor and painter. Colombian painter, draftsman, and sculptor, with a preference for grossly overweight women, Mujer delante de un espejo
• 1932 - Nasce na Covilhã o poeta e ensaísta português E. M. de Melo e Castro (Ernesto Manuel Geraldes de Melo e Castro).
• 1932 - 36th Boston Marathon won by Paul de Bruyn of Germany in 2:33:36.4
• 1933 - President Franklin Delano Roosevelt announces that the United States will be leaving the gold standard.
• 1933 - 37th Boston Marathon won by Leslie Pawson of RI in 2:31:01.6
• 1933 - Dickie Bird was born. Cricket umpire.
• 1933 - FDR announces that the US will leave the gold standard .
• 1933 - Jayne Mansfield was born (d. 1967). Actress.
• 1933 - Fundação do 'Partido Socialista de Chile'
• 1934 - Shirley Temple debuts in Stand Up and Cheer.
• 1934 - O Monstro do Loch Ness é fotografado, naquilo a que viria ser descoberto como um embuste em 1994.
• 1934 - 38th Boston Marathon won by Dave Komonen of Canada in 2:32:53.8
• 1935 - Dudley Moore was born (d. 2002). Actor, musician, comedian and composer.
• 1935 - 39th Boston Marathon won by John A Kelley of Mass in 2:32:07.4
• 1937 - 41st Boston Marathon won by Walter Young of Canada in 2:33:20
• 1937 - William Martin Conway dies (b. 1856). British art critic and mountaineer.
• 1938 - RCA-NBC begins regular television broadcasts.
• 1938 - 42nd Boston Marathon won by Leslie Pawson of RI in 2:35:34.8
• 1939 - 43rd Boston Marathon won by Ellison Brown of RI in 2:28:51.8
• 1939 - Rudolf Wacker dies (b. 25 Feb 1893). Austrian artist.
• 1940 - 44th Boston Marathon won by Gerard Cote of Canada in 2:28:28.6
• 1941 - 45th Boston Marathon won by Leslie Pawson of RI in 2:30:38
• 1941 - Bulgarian troops invade Macedonia.
• 1941 - Roberto Carlos was born. Brazilian singer.
• 1942 - 46th Boston Marathon won by Joe Smith of Mass in 2:26:51.2
• 1942 - Frank Elstner was born. Television producer
• 1943 - World War II: German troops enter the Warsaw ghetto to round up the remaining Jews, starting the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.
• 1943 - Bicycle Day - Swiss chemist Dr. Albert Hofmann deliberately takes LSD for the first time.
• 1943 - 47th Boston Marathon won by Gerard Cote of Canada in 2:28:25.8
• 1944 - Bernie Worrell was born. Keyboardist (originally with P Funk)
• 1945 - 49th Boston Marathon won by John A Kelley of Mass in 2:30:40.2
• 1946 - Tim Curry was born. British actor .
• 1947 - Murray Perahia was born. American pianist .
• 1947 - 51st Boston Marathon won by Yun Bok Soh of Korea in 2:25:39
• 1948 - Chiang Kai-shek elected president of Nationalist China
• 1948 - 52nd Boston Marathon won by Gerard Cote of Canada in 2:31:02
• 1949 - Paloma Picasso [Ann Paloma Gilot], was born in Paris. Painter daughter of Pablo Picasso).
• 1949 - Larry Walters, floated 16,000 feet into the air on a lawn chair attached to helium-filled balloons (d. 1993)
• 1949 - Ulrich Salchow dies (b. 1877). Swedish figure skater.
• 1949 - 53rd Boston Marathon won by Gosta Leandersson of Sweden in 2:31:50.8
• 1950 - 54th Boston Marathon won by Kee Yong Ham of Korea in 2:32:39
• 1951 - 55th Boston Marathon won by Shigeki Tanaka, who survived the atomic blast at Hiroshima, Japan in World War II, in 2:27:45
• 1951 - General Douglas MacArthur retires from the military.
• 1952 - 56th Boston Marathon won by Doroteo Flores of Guatemala in 2:31:53
• 1952 - Alexis Arguello was born. Boxer .
• 1953 - Sara Simeoni was born. Italian high jumper, 1980 Olympics gold
• 1953 - Ruby Wax was born. British television personality .
• 1954 - 58th Boston Marathon won by Veikko Karvonen of Finland in 2:20:39
• 1954 - 7-time winner of Boston Marathon, 65-year-old Clarence Demar, runs his last race at Boston.
• 1955 - 59th Boston Marathon won by Hideo Hamamura of Japan in 2:18:22
• 1956 - Actress Grace Kelly marries Rainier III of Monaco.
• 1956 - 60th Boston Marathon won by Antti Viskari of Finland in 2:14:14
• 1956 - Ernst R Curtius dies at 70. German literature historian.
• 1958 - Robert Bentley dies. Humorist, actor .
• 1958 - 62nd Boston Marathon won by Franjo Mihalic of Yugoslavia in 2:25:54
• 1960 - The students in South Korea hold a nationwide pro-democracy protest against their president Syngman Rhee, eventually forcing him to resign.
• 1960 - 64th Boston Marathon won by Paavo Kotila of Finland in 2:20:54
• 1961 - 65th Boston Marathon won by Eino Oksanen of Finland in 2:23:39
• 1961 - The Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba ends in failure.
• 1962 - Al Unser, Jr. was born. Automobile racer, two-time Indianapolis 500 winner .
• 1962 - 66th Boston Marathon won by Eino Oksanen of Finland in 2:23:48
• 1963 - 67th Boston Marathon won by Aurele Vandendriessche of Belg in 2:18:58
• 1964 - Paolo Martinotti, genio incompreso, estroso personaggio.
• 1965 - Suge Knight was born. Record producer.
• 1966 - 70th Boston Marathon won by Kenji Kimihara of Japan in 2:17:11
• 1966 - Roberta Bignay becomes 1st woman to run in the Boston Marathon
• 1966 - Albert Servaes dies (b. 04 Apr 1883). Belgian painter, who is considered as the first Flemish Expressionist and the link between the First and the Second School of St. Martens Latem.
• 1967 - 71st Boston Marathon won by Dave McKenzie of New Zealand in 2:15:45
• 1967 - Steven H Silver was born. Science fiction editor.
• 1967 - Konrad Adenauer, dies (b. 1895). German politician.
• 1968 - Ashley Judd was born. Actress.
• 1970 - En Colombia se celebran comicios electorales que ante un supuesto fraude, dan origen al Movimiento 19 de Abril.
• 1970 - Kelly Holmes was born. Olympian, double gold medalist.
• 1970 - Luis Miguel born in Vera Cruz, Mexico. Singer.
• 1971 - Sierra Leone becomes a republic.
• 1971 - Vietnam War: Vietnam Veterans Against the War begin a five-day demonstration in Washington, DC.
• 1971 - Charles Manson is sentenced to life in prison for the Sharon Tate murders.
• 1971 - 75th Boston Marathon won by Alvaro Mejia of Colombia in 2:18:45
• 1971 - Launch of Salyut 1, first human-made space station.
• 1972 - Bangladesh becomes a member of British Commonwealth.
• 1972 - Hungary revises constitution.
• 1972 - Rivaldo was born. Brazilien football player-
• 1973 - Hans Kelsen dies. Austrian-American legal theorist.
• 1973 - Em Bona foi fundado o Partido Socialista em Portugal.
• 1974 - Ayub Khan dies (b. 1907). Former President of Pakistan.
• 1975 - Percy L. Julian dies (b. 1899). Chemist.
• 1975 - Nazarena Almada was born. Miss Argentina Universe 1997.
• 1976 - Vanessa Guzman was born. Miss Universe-Mexico 1996.
• 1976 - José Raquel Mercado, morre. líder sindical.
• 1976 - 5th Boston Women's Marathon won by Kim Merritt of Wis in 2:47:10
• 1976 - 80th Boston Marathon won by Jack Fultz of Wash, DC in 2:20:19
• 1978 - Lagumot Harris is elected President of Nauru.
• 1978 - Yitzhak Navron es elegido presidente de Israel.
• 1979 - Kate Hudson was born in Los Angeles, California, USA. Actress.
• 1980 - In The Hague, Netherlands, Johnny Logan wins the twenty-fifth Eurovision Song Contest for Ireland singing "What's Another Year".
• 1981 - Hayden Christensen was born. Canadian actor.
• 1981 - Catalina Sandino Moreno was born in Bogota, Colombia. Atress. Maria Full of Grace -2004; Nominee: Best Actress in a Leading Role 77th Academy Awards -The winner was Hilary Swank) .
• 1982 - 11th Boston Women's Marathon won by Charlotte Teske of Ger in 2:29:33
• 1982 - Belarmino Fragoso dies. portuguese boxeur.
• 1982 - 86th Boston Marathon won by Alberto Salazar of Oreg in 2:08:51
• 1986 - Michael Spinks beats Larry Holmes in 15 for heavyweight boxing title .
• 1987 - Primeira emissão da série televisiva Os Simpsons
• 1987 - Maxwell Taylor dies (b. 1901). General .
• 1987 - Maria Sharapova was born in Nyagan, Russia . Tennis player. She won the 2004 WTA Championships, defeating Serena Williams 4-6, 6-2, 6-4 in the final .
• 1988 - Ted Kim was born. Volleyball player .
• 1988 - Em Portugal, foi legalizado o naturismo.
• 1989 - Miguel Torga, escritor português, recebe o Prémio Camões
• 1989 - A gun turret explodes on the USS Iowa, killing 47 sailors.
• 1989 - Trisha Meili, the "Central Park Jogger" is raped.
• 1989 - Daphne du Maurier dies (b. 1907). Author (Rebecca, Jamaica Inn).
• 1992 - Frankie Howerd dies (b. 1917) . Comedian, actor.
• 1993 - David Koresh dies (b. 1959). Cult leader.
• 1993 - The 50-day siege of the Branch Davidian complex outside Waco, Texas ends when a fire breaks out. Eighty-one people die.
• 1993 - 22nd Boston Women's Marathon won by Olga Markova of Russia in 2:25:27
• 1993 - 97th Boston Marathon won by Cosmas N'deti of Kenya in 2:09:33
• 1995 - Oklahoma City bombing: The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma is bombed, killing 168.
• 1996 - Walter D'Ávila dies (b. 1914). Brazilian actor.
• 1997 - Brooke Shields /Andre Agassi wed.
• 1998 - Octavio Paz dies (b. 1914). Mexican writer, diplomat and nobel laureate .
• 1998 - Rodrigo Pessoa, cavaleiro brasileiro, conquista o título mundial de hipismo, na Finlândia.
• 1998 - Portugal: Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa ganha o congresso de Tavira do PSD com maioria absoluta.
• 1999 - The German Parliament returns to Berlin.
• 2000 - An Air Philippines Boeing 737-200 crashes near Davao airport, killing 131.
• 2004 - Norris McWhirter dies at 78. Guinness World Records curator and commentator.
• 2004 - Morte do biólogo inglês John Maynard Smith
• 2004 - XII Sessão da Comissão sobre Desenvolvimento Sustentável das Nações Unidas
• 2005 - Niels-Henning Orsted Pederson dies. Danish musician.
• 2005 - German Cardinal Josef Ratzinger is elected Pope Benedictus XVI
• Dia do Exército Brasileiro (Dec. 51.429/62).
• Patriots' Day (Massachusetts, Maine, and Wisconsin, USA) .
• Declaration of Independence Day (Venezuela) .
• Republic Day (Sierra Leone) .
• Landing of the 33 (Uruguay) .
• Primrose Day (England) - primroses are placed on the statue of Benjamin Disraeli in Parliament Square, London on the anniversary of his death (1881). Primroses were his favourite flower.
• Bicycle Day