On this day in History - Apr. 07
- 0529 - first draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I.
- 0858 - Pope Benedict III dies
- 1118 - Pope Gelasius II excommunicated Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor .
- 1307 - Joan of Acre dies (b. 271). Daughter of Edward I of England.
- 1348 - Charles University is founded in Prague.
- 1498 - King Charles VIII of France dies (b. 1470) .
- 1506 - Saint Francis Xavier was born (d. 1552). Founder of the Society of Jesus .
- 1534 - José de Anchieta was born. Spanish jesuit and missionary (Brazilian Tupi-Indians).
- 1541 - Spanish founder of the Jesuits Francis Xavier, 35, and three friends set sail from Lisbon, Portugal for Goa. They became the first Roman Catholic missionaries to travel to India.
- 1613 - Gerhard Douw was born (d. 1675). Dutch painter.
- 1614 - El Greco (Domenikos Theotocopoulos), artist (b. 1541) Greek Spanish Mannerist painter. He was a master of Spanish painting, whose highly individual dramatic and expressionistic style and elongated figures met with the puzzlement of his contemporaries but gained newfound appreciation in the 20th century. He also worked as a sculptor and as an architect.
- 1638 - Shimazu Tadatsune dies (b. 1576). Japanese daimyo.
- 1644 - François de Neufville, duc de Villeroi was born (d. 1730). French soldier.
- 1648 - John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby was born (d. 1721). English statesman and poet.
- 1648 - Ferdinand van Kessel was born. Flemish painter .
- 1651 - Lennart Torstenson dies (b. 1603). Swedish soldier and engineer.
- 1652 - Dutch establish settlement at Cape Town, South Africa.
- 1652 - Pope Clement XII [Lorenzo Corsini] was born (d. 1740).
- 1655 - Fabio Chigi becomes Pope Alexander VII .
- 1661 - Sir William Brereton, 1st Baronet dies (b. 1604). English soldier and politician.
- 1663 - Francis Cooke dies. Mayflower pilgrim.
- 1668 - William Davenant dies (b. 1606). English poet.
- 1717 - Michel Adanson was born (d. 3 Aug 1806). French botanist who devised a natural system of classification and nomenclature of plants, based on all their physical characteristics, with an emphasis on families.
- 1718 - Hugh Blair was born (d. 1800). Scottish preacher and man of letters.
- 1719 - Jean-Baptiste de la Salle dies at 67. French priest, theory and saint.
- 1726 - Charles Burney was born. English musicologist.
- 1727 - Michel Adanson was born (d. 1806). French botanist.
- 1739 - Dick Turpin dies hanged (b. 1706). English highwayman.
- 1747 - Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau dies (b. 1676). Prussian field marshall.
- 1761 - Thomas Bayes dies (b. 1702). English mathematician.
- 1763 - Domenico Dragonetti was born. Italian composer.
- 1766 - Tiberius Hemsterhuis dies born (b. 1685). Dutch philologist and critic
- 1767 - Franz Sparry dies (b. 1715). Composer.
- 1770 - William Wordsworth was born (d. 1850). English poet.
- 1772 - Charles Fourier was born (d. 1837). French philosopher.
- 1782 - Taksin dies (b. 1734). King of Thailand.
- 1789 - Abd-ul-Hamid I dies (b. 1725). Ottoman Sultan.
- 1789 - Petrus Camper dies (b. 1722). Dutch anatomist.
- 1798 - The Mississippi Territory is organized from territory ceded by Georgia and South Carolina and is later twice expanded to include disputed territory claimed by both the U.S. and Spain.
- 1801 - Noël François de Wailly dies (b. 1724). French lexicographer.
- 1803 - James Curtiss was born (d. 1859). Mayor of Chicago, IL .
- 1805 - Lewis and Clark Expedition: The Corps of Discovery breaks camp among the Mandan tribe and resumes its journey West along the Missouri River.
- 1805 - First public performance of Beethoven's Third Symphony (Eroica).
- 1809 - James Glaisher was born (d. 7 Feb 1903). English meteorologist and aeronaut. Between 1862-66, mostly with Henry Tracey Coxwell, he made balloon ascents, many of which were arranged by a committee of the British Association.The object was to carry out scientific observations such as the variation in temperature and humidity of the atmosphere at high elevations.
- 1816 - Christian Konrad Sprengel dies (b. 22 Sep 1750). German botanist and teacher whose studies of sex in plants led him to a general theory of fertilization which, basically, is accepted today.
- 1817 - Francesco Selmi was born (d. 13 Aug 1881). Italian chemist and toxicologist who is considered one of the founders of colloid chemistry.
- 1823 - Morria Jacques-Alexandre-Cesar Charles (n. 12 Nov 1746). Matemático, físico, e inventor francês que, com Nicolas Robert, foi o primeiro em ascender em um balão de hidrogênio (1783). Em aproximadamente 1787 ele desenvolveu a lei de Charles relativa à expansão térmica dos gases.
- 1823 - Fundação da Sociedad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas - Buenos Aires .
- 1823 - Guillaume Jules Hoüel was born. French mathematicien.
- 1829 - Joseph Smith, Jr., founder of the The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, commences translation of the Book of Mormon, with Oliver Cowdery as his scribe.
- 1831 - Emperor Pedro I of Brazil abdicates in favor of his son, Pedro II.
- 1833 - Antoni Radziwiłł dies (b. 1775). Polish politician.
- 1836 - William Godwin dies (b. 1756). English political writer.
- 1848 - Randall Thomas Davidson was born (d. 1930). Archbishop of Canterbury.
- 1850 - William Lisle Bowles dies (b. 1762). English poet and critic.
- 1856 - Foundation of Nelson College, Nelson, New Zealand .
- 1858 - Anton Diabelli dies (b. 1781). Austrian music publisher, editor and composer.
- 1859 - Jacques Loeb was born (d. 11 Feb 1924). German-born American biologist noted chiefly for his experimental work on artificial parthenogenesis (reproduction without fertilization).
- 1860 - Will Keith Kellogg was born (d. 1951). American cereal manufacturer.
- 1862 - American Civil War: Battle of Shiloh ends - Union Army under General Ulysses S. Grant defeat the Confederates near Shiloh, Tennessee.
- 1866 - (Erik) Ivar Fredholm was born (d. 17 Aug 1927). Swedish mathematician who founded modern integral equation theory.
- 1867 - Holger Pedersen was born (d. 1953). Dutch linguist.
- 1869 - David Grandison Fairchild was born (d. 6 Aug 1954). American botanist and agricultural explorer who supervised the introduction of many useful plants into the United States.
- 1867 - Holger Pedersen was born (d. 1953). Danish linguist.
- 1870 - Gustav Landauer was born (d. 1919). German anarchist and revolutionary.
- 1871 - Alexander Lloyd dies (b. 1805). Mayor of Chicago, IL.
- 1873 - John McGraw was born (d. 1934). Baseball coach, manager, player, Hall of Famer .
- 1883 - Gino Severini was born born in Cortona, Italy (d. 27 Feb 1966). Italian Cubist / Futurist painter.
- 1884 - Bronislaw (Kasper) Malinowski was born (d.16 May 1942). Polish-born British anthropologist one of the most important anthropologists of the 20th century who is widely recognized as the founder of social anthropology and principally associated with field studies of the peoples of Oceania.
- 1885 - Carl Theodor Ernst von Siebold dies (b. 16 Feb 1804).German zoologist who studied primarily invertebrates (such as jelly fish, intestinal worms, salamanders and freshwater fish).
- 1886 - Ed Lafitte was born (d. 1971). Baseball player.
- 1889 - Gabriela Mistral [Lucila Godoy Alcayaga] was born (d.1957). Chilean poetess - Nobel Prize 1945.
- 1890 - Marjory Stoneman Douglas was born (d. 1998). American conservationist and writer.
- 1891 - Victoria Ocampo was born. Argentine writer.
- 1891 - Ole Kirk Christiansen, was born in Denmark (d. 1958) Danish inventor of Lego .
- 1891 - P. T. Barnum dies (b. 1810). American circus impresario.
- 1893 - Allen Dulles was born (d. 1969). Director of the Central Intelligence Agency .
- 1893 - Nascia Almada Negreiros em S. Tomé e Príncipe. Escritor e artista plástico português.
- 1894 - Aparece en Buenos Aires el diario socialista "La Vanguardia", fundado Juan B. Justo.
- 1897 - Walter Winchell was born (d. 1972). Broadcaster, journalist.
- 1899 - Robert Casadesus was born (d. 1972). French pianist.
- 1900 - Frederic Edwin Church dies (b. 04 May 1826). US Hudson River School painter specialized in Landscapes.
- 1902 - Texas Oil Company (Texaco) forms .
- 1906 - Mount Vesuvius erupts and devastates Naples.
- 1908 - Herbert Henry Asquith takes office as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, from Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman .
- 1908 - Percy Faith was born (d. 1976). Canadian composer, musician.
- 1908 - Gustavo Lacerda funda no Rio de Janeiro a Associação Brasileira de Imprensa (ABI).
- 1911 - Kenneth (Page) Oakley, was born (d. 2 Nov 1981). English physical anthropologist, geologist, and paleontologist best known for his work in the relative dating of fossils by fluorine content .
- 1915 - Henry Kuttner was born (d. 1958). Science fiction writer.
- 1917 - R.G. Armstrong was born. American actor
- 1918 - Bobby Doerr was born. Baseball player, Hall of Famer .
- 1919 - Edoardo Mangiarotti was born. Italian fencer.
- 1920 - Ravi Shankar was born. Indian musician, a sitar virtuoso and composer who founded the National Orchestra of India and who was influential in stimulating Western appreciation of classical Hindustani music.
- 1921 - Foi fundado o jornal Diário de Lisboa .
- 1922 - Mongo Santamaria was born (d. 2003). Latin jazz musician.
- 1922 - Teapot Dome scandal: United States Secretary of the Interior leases Teapot Dome oil reserves in Wyoming.
- 1922 - Nascimento em São Paulo de Dircinha Batista (Dirce Grandino de Oliveira), estrela do cinema brasileiro.
- 1924 - Johannes Mario Simmel was born. Austrian writer.
- 1924 - Em Lisboa, os aviadores Brito Pais, Sarmento Beires e Manuel Gouveia iniciam a primeira viagem aérea até Macau.
- 1927 - First long distance public television broadcast (Washington, DC to New York City; image was of Commerce Secretary Herbert Hoover).
- 1927 - Babatunde Olatunji was born (d. 2003). Nigerian drummer.
- 1928 - James White was born (d. 1999). Northern Irish science fiction writer.
- 1928 - James Garner [James Scott Bumgarner] was born in Norman, Oklahoma- USA. Actor.
- 1928 - Alan J. Pakula was born in The Bronx, New York, USA (d. 19 Nov 1998). Film director. Producer. [Sophie's Choice (1982) (producer and director); The Pelican Brief (1993) (producer and director); The Parallax View (1974) (producer and director) Presumed Innocent (1990) (director), etc. ].
- 1928 - Alexander Bogdanov dies (b. 1873). Russian physician and philosopher.
- 1929 - Bob Denard was born. French soldier.
- 1930 - Andrew Sachs was born. British actor.
- 1931 - Donald Barthelme was born. American author.
- 1933 - Wayne Rogers was born. American actor.
- 1933 - The Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, the first law meant to discriminate specifically against Jews is passed by the National Socialist regime in Germany.
- 1933 - Prohibition was repealed for beer of 3.2% alcohol by weight or 4% by volume, eight months before the full repeal of Prohibition on December 5, 1933.
- 1934 - Ian Richardson, was born. British actor .
- 1934 - The U.S. Congress passes the Jones-Connally Farm-Relief Act.
- 1934 - In India, Mahatma Gandhi suspended his campaign of civil disobedience.
- 1936 - Jean-Pierre Changuex was born. French neuroscientist.
- 1938 - Jerry Brown was born. American politician.
- 1938 - Freddie Hubbard was born. American jazz trumpeter.
- 1939 - Francis Ford Coppola was born in Detroit, Michigan, USA. Film director [ Apocalypse Now (1979); The Godfather (1972); The Cotton Club (1984) ; New York Stories (1989) (segment "Life without Zoe") ; Dracula (1992); Lost in Translation (2003) (executive producer)... ] .
- 1939 - Sir David Frost was born. Broadcaster, television host.
- 1939 - World War II: Italy invades Albania. Italian dictator Benito Mussolini made Albania a protectorate of his country, installing Italy's Victor Emmanuel III as king, while Albanian King Zog I went into exile.
- 1939 - Joseph Lyons dies (b. 1879). Tenth Prime Minister of Australia.
- 1940 - Booker T. Washington becomes the first African American to be depicted on a United States postage stamp.
- 1940 - Rui Chancerelle de Machete was born. Portuguese politician and teacher.
- 1941 - Nascimento no Rio de Janeiro de Mussum (Antonio Carlos Bernades Gomes), astro do cinema brasileiro.
- 1943 - Joaquim Agostinho was born. Portuguese cyclist.
- 1943 - First synthesis of LSD, lysergic acid diethylamide, by Albert Hoffman.
- 1943 - Jovan Ducic dies. Serbian poet.
- 1943 - Alexandre Millerand dies (b. 1859). President of France.
- 1944 - Gerhard Schröder was born. German Bundeskanzler (chancellor) since 1998.
- 1944 - Julia Phillips was born (d. 2002). American film producer and writer.
- 1944 - Gerhard Schröder was born. Chancellor of Germany.
- 1945 - Joël Robuchon was born. French chef .
- 1945 - Magnús Þór Jónsson (Megas) was born. Icelandic vocalist, songwriter and writer.
- 1945 - World War II: The Japanese battleship Yamato is sunk 200 miles north of Okinawa while in-route to a suicide mission.
- 1946 - Syria's independence from Vichy France is officially recognised.
- 1946 - Colette Besson was born. French runner .
- 1947 - Henry Ford dies (b. 30 Jul 1863). American inventor, automobile manufacturer and industrialist. In 1903 the Ford Motor Company was incorporated.
- 1948 - The World Health Organization is established by the United Nations.
- 1949 - John Oates was born. Musician ("Hall and Oates")
- 1950 - Walter Huston dies (b. 1884). Academy Award winning actor.
- 1951 - Janis Ian was born. Singer and songwriter .
- 1953 - Dag Hammarskjöld is elected United Nations Secretary General.
- 1953 - Assembléia geral da ONU indica o sueco Dag Hammarskjold para o cargo de secretário-geral .
- 1954 - U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower gives his "domino theory" speech during a news conference.
- 1954 - Jackie Chan [Kong-sang Chan] was born in Hong Kong. Actor.
- 1954 - Tony Dorsett was born. American football star.
- 1955 - Werner Stocker was born. Actor .
- 1955 - Anthony Eden becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom .
- 1955 - Theda Bara dies (b. 1885). American Silent film actress.
- 1956 - Christopher Darden was born. O.J. Simpson prosecuter .
- 1956 - Charles Carreon was born. American lawyer and author.
- 1961 - Marian Jordan dies (b. 16 Nov 1896). American comic actress.
- 1961 - Yusef Greiss dies. Egypcian composer.
- 1961 - Pascal Olmeta was born. French footballer.
- 1962 - Hugh O'Connor was born (d. 1995). American actor.
- 1962 - Alain Robert was born. French rock and urban climber.
- 1963 - Yugoslavia is proclaimed to be a Socialist republic and Josip Broz Tito is named President for life.
- 1963 - Jack Nicklaus's first Masters victory American professional golfer Jack Nicklaus, a dominating figure in world golf from the 1960s to the '80s and the winner of 73 PGA tour events in his career, won the Masters Tournament at age 23 on this day in 1963.
- 1964 - IBM announces the System/360 .
- 1964 - Russell Crowe was born in Wellington, North Island. New Zealand actor.
- 1964 - Roald Tromp was born. Professional Golfer.
- 1965 - Alison Lapper was born. British artist.
- 1966 - Gary Wilkinson was born. English snooker player.
- 1968 - Jim Clark (b. 1936) is killed in an accident during a Formula 2 race in Hockenheim, Germany
- 1968 - Lançamento da missão espacial russa Luna 14 .
- 1969 - Jack Black was born in Edmonton, Alberta - Canadá. Actor.
- 1970 - 42nd Academy Awards - Best Picture: "Midnight Cowboy,"; Best Actor - John Wayne for his role in True Grit; Best Actress - Maggie Smith in Prime of Miss Jean Brodiewin.
- 1970 - Leif Ove Andsnes was born. Norwegian pianist.
- 1971 - Guillaume Depardieu was born. French actor, son of Gérard Depardieu.
- 1973 - Carole Montillet was born. French skier.
- 1973 - Morte do bispo angolano Pompeu de Sá Leão e Seabra .
- 1975 - Tiki Barber was born. New York Giants Running Back (American Football)
- 1975 - Ronde Barber was born. Tampa Bay Buccaneers Cornerback (American Football)
- 1976 - Chinese Politburo fires vice-premier Deng Xiaoping .
- 1977 - German Federal Prosecutor Siegfried Buback and his driver are shot by two Red Army Faction members while waiting at a red light .
- 1979 - Tony Malone was born. British designer and activist.
- 1980 - The United States severs diplomatic relations with Iran and imposes economic sanctions following the taking of American hostages on November 4, 1979.
- 1981 - Norman Taurog dies (b. 1899). American film director.
- 1983 - During STS-6, astronauts Story Musgrave and Don Peterson perform the first space shuttle spacewalk (duration: 4 hours, 10 minutes).
- 1983 - A human skeleton aged 80,000 years old was discovered in Egypt.
- 1984 - Frank Church dies (b. 1924). U.S. Senator from Idaho
- 1986 - Leonid Kantorovich dies (b. 1912). Russian economist, Bank of Sweden Prize winner.
- 1986 - Sinclair sells computer business. Home computing pioneer Sir Clive Sinclair sells rights to his machines to Amstrad in a £ 5 m deal.
- 1986 - Leonid Kantorovich dies (b.19 Jan 1912). Soviet mathematician and economist who shared the 1975 Nobel Prize for Economics with Tjalling Koopmans for their work on the optimal allocation of scarce resources.
- 1988 - Russia announced it would withdraw its troops from Afghanistan.
- 1989 - Soviet submarine Komsomolets sinks in the Barents Sea off the coast of Norway after a fire. 42 sailors die.
- 1990 - Iran Contra Affair: John Poindexter is found guilty of five charges for his part in the scandal but the convictions were later reversed after an appeal.
- 1990 - Ronald Evans dies (b. 1933). Astronaut.
- 1992 - Republika Srpska announces its independence.
- 1993 - Attack submarine ex-Queenfish completes being recycled .
- 1994 - Massacres of Tutsis begin in Kigali, Rwanda. Rwandan Prime Minister Agathe Uwilingiyimana, part of the Tutsi minority, was assassinated by Hutu soldiers, which—with the prior deaths of Juvénal Habyarimana, president of Rwanda, and Cyprien Ntaryamira, president of Burundi—sparked civil war in Rwanda.
- 1994 - Albert Guðmundsson dies (b. 1923). Icelandic professional football player and politician
- 1994 - Golo Mann dies (b. 1909). German historian
- 1994 - Agathe Uwilingiyimana dies (b. 1953). Prime Minister of Rwanda
- 1997 - Georgi Shonin dies (b. 1935). Cosmonaut.
- 1997 - Witto Aloma dies (b. 1923). Baseball player.
- 1997 - Jacques Villeneuve (Equipe Williams) vence o Grande Prêmio de Buenos Aires .
- 1998 - Citicorp and Travelers Group announce plans to merge creating the largest financial-services conglomerate in the world, Citigroup.
- 1998 - Witto Aloma dies (b. 1923). Major League Baseball player.
- 1998 - Marjory Stoneman Douglas dies (b. 1890). Preeminent conservationist and environmentalist.
- 1999 - Kosovo War: Kosovo's main border crossings are closed by Serbian forces to prevent ethnic Albanians from leaving.
- 1999 - Segunda visita del Dalai Lama a Argentina. Es declarado Ciudadano Ilustre de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires.
- 2000 - Attack submarine ex-Trepang completes being recycled .
- 2001 - Mars Odyssey is launched.
- 2001 - An M-17 helicopter crashes into mountain in south of Hanoi, Vietnam killing 16.
- 2001 - Beatrice Straight dies (b. 1914). Academy Award-winning actress.
- 2001 - David Graf dies (b. 1950). American actor.
- 2001 - Beatrice Straight dies (b. 1914). American actress.
- 2002 - John Agar dies (b. 1921). American actor.
- 2003 - Cecile de Brunhoff dies (b. 1903). French storyteller.
- 2003 - US troops capture Baghdad, Saddam Hussein's regime falls two days later.
- 2003 - Ferdinand Seibt dies. Historian.
- 2003 - Jutta Hipp dies. Pianist .
- 2003 - Casamento do ator Russell Crowe com a cantora Danielle Spencer .
- 2003 - Cecile de Brunhoff dies. Children's book author Babar .
- 2003 - US troops capture Baghdad, Saddam Hussein's regime falls two days later.
- 2005 - The State of Connecticut allows same-sex civil unions.
- 2005 - Bob Kennedy dies (b. 1920). Baseball player and manager.
- World Health Day - April 7th of every year is designated as World Health Day and celebrated by the 191 member countries of the World Health Organization to emphasize significant issues in public health of worldwide concern. Observed annually since 1948.
- Mozambique -Womens' Day.
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