On this day in History - Mar. 29

• 0537 - Vigilius was consecrated and enthroned as Pope, replacing Silverius.
• 1058 - Pope Stephen X dies.
• 1249 - A cidade de Faro foi conquistada aos Mouros pelo Rei D. Afonso III .
• 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Edward IV of England. Margarida de Anjou run away from England and Henrique VI is made prisioner in Tower of London .
• 1561 - Santorio Santorio was born (d. 22 Feb 1636). Italian physician who made the first systematic study of basal metabolism. In his research, he was also the first to employ instruments of precision and to apply quantitative experimental research techniques in the practice of medicine.
• 1584 - Ferdinando Fairfax, 2nd Lord Fairfax of Cameron was born (d. 1648). English general.
• 1602 - John Lightfoot was born (d. 1675). English churchman.
• 1629 - Jacob (or Jacques) de Gheyn II dies (b. 1565). Dutch draftsman, engraver, and painter.
• 1631 (burial) Jorge Manuel Theotocopoulos (or Theotocopouli), dies. Toledo Spanish painter and architect born in 1578, son of Doménikos Theotokópoulos “El Greco” [1541 – 07 Apr 1614] and Doña Jerónima de Las Cuevas, who were not married.
• 1638 - Swedish colonists establish first settlement in Delaware, called New Sweden.
• 1713 - John Ponsonby was born (d. 1789). Irish politician.
• 1758 - Scott-Pierre-Nicolas Legrand de Lérant, was born (d. 11 may 1829). French artist.
• 1769 - Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult was born (d. 1851). French marshal.
• 1772 - Emanuel Swedenborg dies (b. 1688). Swedish philosopher and mathematician.
• 1788 - As Fábricas e Manufacturas das três comarcas de Portalegre, Fundão e Covilhã são entregues a particulares.
• 1790 - John Tyler was born (d. 1862). 10th President of the United States
• 1792 - King Gustav III of Sweden dies after being shot in the back at a midnight masquerade at Stockholm's Royal Opera just 13 days earlier. He is succeeded by Gustav IV Adolf.
• 1794 - Marie-Jean Antoine de Condorcet dies (b. 1743). Marquis de Condorcet, French enciclopedist, mathematicien, philosopher and politician.
• 1799 - New York passes a law aimed at gradually abolishing slavery in the state .
• 1802 - Johann Moritz (or Juan Mauricio) Rugendas, dies of a heart attack. German painter who is noted particularly for his drawings and paintings of Brazil and other Latin American countries.
• 1806 - Construction authorized of the Great National Pike, better known as the Cumberland Road, becoming the first United States federal highway.
• 1809 - King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden abdicated after a coup d'état. At the Diet of Porvoo, Finland's four Estates pledge allegiance to Alexander I of Russia, commencing the secession of the Grand Duchy of Finland from Sweden.
• 1809 - Portugal: Desastre da Ponte das Barcas: durante a II Invasão Francesa, o exército comandado pelo marechal Soult consegue entrar na cidade do Porto; a população foge pelo sul da cidade através da antiga Ponte das Barcas que ruindo vitimou milhares de pessoas.
• 1812 - Johann Friedrick Dryander dies (b. 26 Apr 1756). German artist.
• 1815 - Jane Austen completes her novel Emma.
• 1819 - Edwin Laurentine Drake was born (d. 8 Nov 1880). American driller of the first productive oil well near Titusville, Pennsylvania, that launched the modern U.S. petroleum industry .
• 1819 - Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise was born. Founder of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations and the Hebrew Union College.
• 1824 - Ludwig Büchner was born (d.30 Apr 1899).German physician and philosopher who became one of the most popular exponents of 19th-century scientific materialism. He wrote many works to disseminate knowledge of the natural sciences.
• 1826 - Wilhelm Liebknecht was born (d. 1900). German journalist and politician.
• 1826 - Johann Heinrich Voß dies (b. 1751). German poet.
• 1829 - Muere el Brig. Gral. Cornelio Saavedra, jefe del Regimiento de Patricios y presidente de la Primera Junta de Gobierno de Argentina.
• 1830 - Criação da primeira Escola Veterinária Portuguesa, por diploma de D. Miguel.
• 1831 - Great Bosnian uprising: Bosniak rebel against Turkey
• 1833 - Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach was born. Jurist.
• 1835 - Gustaf Zander was born (d. 1920). Physician.
• 1847 - Mexican-American War: United States forces led by General Winfield Scott take Veracruz after a siege.
• 1848 - An upstream ice jam stops almost all water flow over Niagara Falls.
• Inauguração da Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil,(antiga Cia. de Estrada de Ferro D.PedroII), ligando o Rio de Janeiro até a Vila de Queimados (48,1Km - 5 estações), em 1858;
• 1849 - The United Kingdom annexes the Punjab .
• 1853 - Elihu Thomson was born (d. 13 Mar 1937). U.S. electrical engineer and inventor whose discoveries in the field of alternating current phenomena led to the development of successful alternating current motors .
• 1855 - Henri Druey dies (b. 1799). Member of the Swiss Federal Council.
• 1857 - Sepoy Mangal Pandey of the 34th Regiment, Bengal Native Infantry revolts against the British rule in India and inspires a long-drawn War of Independence of 1857 also known as the Sepoy Mutiny.
• 1865 - American Civil War: Battle of Appomattox Court House begins .
• 1865 - El Gobierno paraguayo declara la guerra a Argentina.
• 1867 - Se dicta la primera constitución de Canadá.
• 1867 - Queen Victoria gives Royal Assent to the British North America Act which establishes the Dominion of Canada on July 1.
• 1867 - Cy Young was born (d. 1955). Baseball Hall of Famer.
• 1869 - Ales Hrdlicka was born (d. 5 Sep 1943). Czechoslovakian-American physical anthropologist known for his studies of Neanderthal man and his theory of the migration of American Indians from Asia.
• 1871 - The Royal Albert Hall is opened by Queen Victoria.
• 1873 - Tullio Levi-Civita was born (d. 29 Dec 1941).Italian mathematician who was one of the founders of absolute differential calculus (tensor analysis) which had applications to the theory of relativity.
• 1873 - Francesco Zantedeschi, dies (b.1797). Italian priest and physicist.
• 1874 - Lou Hoover was born (d. 1944). First Lady of the United States.
• 1877 - Alexander Carl Heinrich Braun dies (b.10 May 1805).German botanist who was the most highly regarded botanist of the "nature philosophy" school, a doctrine which attempted to explain natural phenomena in terms of the speculative theories that dominated early 19th-century German science .
• 1879 - Anglo-Zulu War: Battle of Kambula: British forces defeat 20,000 Zulus.
• 1879 - Tschaikovski's opera "Yevgeni Onegin" premieres in Moscow .
• 1882 - The Knights of Columbus are established.
• 1885 - Un ejército guatemalteco capitaneado por el presidente, José María Reina Barrios, penetra en territorio salvadoreño.
• 1885 - Una escuadra francesa se apodera de las islas de los Pescadores, tras un combate con la flota china.
• 1886 - The first batch of Coca Cola was brewed over a fire in a backyard in Atlanta, Georgia. Dr. John Pemberton had created the concoction as a cure for "hangover," stomach ache and headache. He advertised it as a "brain tonic and intellectual beverage," and first sold it to the public a few weeks later on 8 May. Coke contained cocaine as an ingredient until 1904, when the drug was banned by Congress.
• 1889 - Warner Baxter was born (d. 1951). American actor.
• 1890 - Sir Harold Spencer Jones was born (d. 3 Nov 1960). English astronomer who was 10th astronomer royal of England (1933–55). His work was devoted to fundamental positional astronomy.
• 1891 - Yvan Goll was born († 1950). French-German lyricist and dramatist.
• 1891 - Georges Pierre Seurat dies (b. 02 Dec 1859). French Pointillist painter.
• 1892 - József Cardinal Mindszenty was born (d. 1975). Hungarian Catholic cardinal.
• 1892 - Sir William Bowman dies (b.20 Jul 1816).(1st Baronet) was an English surgeon and histologist who obtained a European reputation for medical research long before he was thirty years of age .
• 1895 - Anne Redpath was born. Scottish painter.
• 1895 - Ernst Jünger was born († 1998). German author.
• 1897 - Ruby Muhammad was born. American wife of Elijah Muhammad
• 1899- Lavrenty Beria was born (d. 1953). Soviet Communist leader.
• 1900 - John McEwen was born (d. 1980). Eighteenth Prime Minister of Australia.
• 1900 - Charles Elton was born (d. 1 May 1991). English biologist credited with describing the "sociology and economy of animals," thus outlining the basic principles of modern animal ecology. He thought of the "community" as a group of species related through the food chains.
• 1901 - Andrija Maurovic was born (d. 1981). Croatian illustrator.
• 1901 - Carl Barks was born (d. 2000). American cartoonist.
• 1902 - Marcel Aymé was born (d. 1967). French narrator and dramatist, humorist and satirist.
• 1902 - William Walton was born (d. 1983). English composer.
• 1903 - Gustavus Swift was born (b. 24 Jun 1839). American manufacturer and inventor of the first refrigerated railroad cars. These improved his handling of the supply of beef from western states to the Chicago meat company of which he was a partner .
• 1905 -Edward Burra was born in England (d. 22 Oct 1976). Surrealist painter, illustrator, and stage designer.
• 1905 - Philip Ahn was born (d. 1978). Korean-American actor.
• 1906 - Slava Raskaj dies (b. 1878). Painter.
• 1908 - La Cámara de los Comunes británica concede el derecho de voto a las mujeres.
• 1908 - Arthur O'Connell was born (d. 1981). American actor.
• 1908 - Dennis O'Keefe was born (d. 1968). American actor.
• 1911 - Brigitte Horney was born (d. 1988). German actress.
• 1911 - Designed by John Browning, the M1911 semi-automatic handgun became the standard-issue handgun in the United States Army, and was subsequently widely used in World War I, World War II and the Korean War.
• 1911 - Criação em Portugal do ensino infantil para ambos os sexos.
• 1912 - Robert Falcon Scott dies (b. 1868). Explorer.
• 1912 - Hanna Reitsch was born (d. 1979). German aviator.
• 1913 - Tony Zale was born (d. 1997). American boxeur who was World champion.
• 1913 - R. S. Thomas was born (d. 2000). Welsh poet.
• 1916 - Eugene McCarthy was born (d. 1916). U.S. senator
• 1918 - Sam Walton was born (d. 1992). American businessman, founder of Wal-Mart.
• 1918 - Pearl Bailey was born (d. 1990). American singer and actress.
• 1919 - Eileen Heckart was born (d. 2001). American actress.
• 1921 - John Burroughs dies (b. 3 Apr 1837). American naturalist and author who lived and wrote after the manner of Henry David Thoreau. Burroughs studyied and celebrated nature in his many essays and books.
• 1927 - John Robert Vane was born (d. 19 Nov 2004). English biochemist, who shared the 1982 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine (with Sune K. Bergström and Bengt Ingemar Samuelsson of Sweden) for their isolation, identification, and analysis of prostaglandins.
• 1927 - John McLaughlin was born. American political commentator.
• 1927 - John Robert Vane was born (d. 2004). English pharmacologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
• 1929 - Lennart Meri was born. President of Estonia.
• 1930 - Heinrich Brüning is appointed German Reichskanzler.
• 1930 - Nascimento de Lima Duarte (Aryclenes Venâncio Martins), grande ator brasileiro, em Desemboque- MG, no ano de 1930;
• 1931 - Aleksei Gubarev was born. Cosmonaut.
• 1931 - George Amos Dorsey dies (b. 6 Feb 1868). U.S. ethnographer of North American Indians, especially the Mandan tribe.
• 1932 - American comedian Jack Benny makes his radio debut.
• 1934 - Otto Hermann Kahn, dies, millionaire and benefactor (b. 1867).
• 1935 - Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer, dies (b. 2 Jun 1850).English physiologist, one of the founders of endocrinology and inventor of the prone-pressure method (Schafer method) of artificial respiration adopted by the Royal Life Saving Society.
• 1936 - In Germany, dictator Hitler receives 99% of the votes in a referendum to ratify Germany's illegal reoccupation of the Rhineland, receiving 44.5 million votes out of 45.5 million registered voters. In 1933 all political parties and political liberty had been abolished.
• 1936 - Judith Guest was born. American author.
• 1936 - Mogens Camre was born. Danish politician.
• 1937 - Billy Carter was born (d. 1988). Presidential brother.
• 1937 - Karol Szymanowski dies (b. 1882). Polish composer.
• 1939 - Terence Hill was born in Venice, Veneto. Italian actor ( Lo chiamavano Trinità (1971) .... Trinity... aka My Name Is Trinity ) .
• 1939 - Fernanda de Figueiredo nasce em Lisboa. Actriz. [ (A Cruz de Ferro ou "The Iron Cross" (1968) ; Domingo à Tarde ou "Sunday Afternoon" (1966); Fado Corrido (1964); 9 Rapazes e 1 Cão (1964)] .
• 1939 - Alfredo Tropa, nasce no Porto. Realizador de cinema e televisão português. Produtor. (O Maioral (1985) Ao Pensar em Electrónica (1980) Barbara (1980/II) Made In - II (1980) O Povo e a Arte (1975) Povo e o Barro, O (1975) Povo e o Futuro, O (1975) Pedro Só (1972) ... aka Just Peter (International: English title) Dois Pisos (1970) A Mulher e a Roda (1970) Águas Vivas (1969) Minuto Zero (1968) Num Mar de Moliço (1966). Ou Inverno ou... (1965) O Inverno (1964). Noël 1721 (1964) Deligny en mai (1963) Os Transportes (1962) Uma Nova Universidade (1961) Biopsie, La (1960) Inundações (1960) Portuguese Men of the Sea (1957).
• 1940 - Ray Davis was born. American musician (P-Funk) .
• 1940 - Cantwell v. Connecticut: The Supreme Court would rule that a statute requiring a license to solicit for religious purposes was a prior restraint that vested the state with excessive power in determining which groups must obtain a license.
• 1941 - World War II: British Royal Navy and Royal Australian Navy forces intercepted those of the Italian Regia Marina off the Peloponnesus coast of Greece in the Battle of Cape Matapan.
• 1941 - 80% of American AM radio stations change frequencies under the terms of NARBA.
• 1941 - Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr. was born. American astrophysicist, Nobel Prize in Physics laureate
• 1942 - Miguel Hernández dies in prison (b. 1910). Spanish poet and dramatist.
• 1943 - Evangelos Odysseas Papathanassiou, aka Vangelis, new age musician .
• 1943 - Eric Idle was born. English actor, writer, composer (Monty Python's Flying Circus) .
• 1943 - John Major was born. Prime Minister of the United Kingdom .
• 1943 - Vangelis Papathanassiou was born in Volos, Greece. Vangelis is a composer and performer who works almost exclusively with... Vangelis is a composer and performer who works almost exclusively with electronic instruments. He is probably most well know for his "Chariots of Fire" and "Blade Runner" soundtracks or for the tracks used in the "Cosmos" television series. He has been involved in many musical collaborations, the most famous that with Jon Anderson.
• 1944 - Eduardo Prado Coelho was born. Portuguese essayst and critic.
• 1944 - Denny McLain was born. Baseball pitcher.
• 1944 - Terry Jacks Canadian musician, songwriter, and activist.
• 1945 - Walt Frazier was born. American basketball player.
• 1945 - As tropas soviéticas entraram na Áustria .
• 1945 - World War II: Last day of V-1 flying bomb attacks on England.
• 1946 - El Gobierno argentino niega las acusaciones del Gobierno estadounidense de haber ayudado a Alemania en la Segunda Guerra Mundial.
• 1948 - Bud Cort was born. American actor.
• 1949 - Michael Brecker was born. American jazz saxophonist.
• 1950 - Bud Cort was born. Actor .
• 1951 - Red Scare: Ethel and Julius Rosenberg are convicted of conspiracy to commit espionage.
• 1952 - Teofilo Stevenson was born. Cuban boxer.
• 1953 - A fire at a nursing home in Largo, Florida kills 35 people.
• 1954 - Karen Ann Quinlan was born (d. 1985). American right-to-die cause célèbre.
• 1955 - Christopher Lawford was born. American actor.
• 1955 - Earl Campbell was born. American football star .
• 1955 - Jorge Fernando (Jorge Fernando de Medeiros Rebello) was born in Rio de Janeiro. Brazilian actor.
• 1956 - Kurt Thomas was born. American gymnist .
• 1957 - Christophe Lambert was born. French actor (Greystoke, Highlander) .
• 1959 - Perry Farrell was born. American musician ("Jane's Addiction", "Porno for Pyros") .
• 1958 - Pedro Bial was born in Rio de Janeiro. Brazilian actor and presenter.
• 1959 - Barthelemy Boganda dies (b. 4 Apr 1910). First President of the Central African Republic
• 1960 - Marina Sirtis was born. Actress (Star Trek: The Next Generation)
• 1961 - The Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, allowing residents of Washington, DC to vote in presidential elections.
• 1964 - Elle Macpherson was born. Australian model.
• 1965 - Griswold v. Connecticut : Connecticut's laws against distribution of contraceptives and contraceptive information to married couples are struck down, with the Court relying on earlier precedent involving the rights of people to make decisions about their families and procreation as a legitimate sphere of privacy.
• 1967 - Brian Jordan was born. Baseball player.
• 1967 - John Popper was born. American musician (Blues Traveler)
• 1968 - Lucy Lawless was born. New Zeakland actress (Xena: Warrior Princess) and singer .
• 1969 - In Madrid, Spain, four different performers tie for first place at the fourteenth Eurovision Song Contest. The medals are shared by Spain's Salomé singing "Vivo cantando" (I live singing), United Kingdom's Lulu singing "Boom Bang-a-bang", Netherlands' Lenny Kuhr singing "De troubadour" (The troubadour), and France's Frida Boccara singing "Un jour, un enfant" (One day, a child...) .
• 1971 - My Lai massacre: Lt. William Calley is convicted of premeditated murder and sentenced to life in prison.
• 1971 - A Los Angeles, California jury recommends the death penalty for Charles Manson and three female followers.
• 1972 - El Gobierno de Bolivia anuncia la expulsión del país de 199 diplomáticos soviéticos en el plazo de una semana.
• 1972 - Rui Costa was born. Portuguese footballer.
• 1972 - Lord J. Arthur Rank dies (b. 1888). Movie theater owner.
• 1973 - Vietnam War: The last United States soldiers leave South Vietnam.
• 1974 - NASA's Mariner 10 becomes the first spaceprobe to fly by Mercury. It was launched on November 3, 1973.
• 1974 - Manuel Santos Carvalho, morre no Porto (n. 17 Jun 1891 Lisboa, Portugal). Actor [ Passarinho da Ribeira (1960); Madragoa (1952); A Menina da Rádio (1944); O Costa do Castelo (1943); A Canção de Lisboa (1933); Aldeia da Roupa Branca (1938)].
• 1976 - Jennifer Capriati was born. American professional tennis player.
• 1980 - Mantovani dies (b. 15 Nov 1905). Italian musician arranger, conductor.
• 1981 - First running of the London Marathon .
• 1981 - El Tte.Gral. Roberto Eduardo Viola asume la presidencia de la Nación Argentina.
• 1981 - Sandra Sanchez was born in Washington, D. C. American actress.
• 1981 - Jlloyd Samuel was born. West Indian-born footballer.
• 1982 - The Canada Act 1982 (U.K.) receives the Royal Assent by Queen Elizabeth II, setting the stage for the Queen of Canada to proclaim the Constitution Act, 1982 .
• 1982 - Stevie Wonder and Paul McCartney release their single Ebony and Ivory.
• 1982 - Carl Orff dies (b. 10 July 1895). German composer.
• 1983 - Vanessa Giácomo was born in Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro. Brazilian actress .
• 1983 - Justin Tuck was born. NFL football player.
• 1984 - Valentine Rei was born. Russian TV personality
• 1984 - The Baltimore Colts of the NFL moved to Indianapolis in the middle of the night.
• 1985 - A Mesquita de Lisboa é inaugurada.
• 1985 - Acuerdo entre España y la Comunidad Europea para la integración de España.
• 1985 - George Peter Murdock dies (b. 11 May 1897). American anthropologist who specialized in comparative ethnology, the ethnography of African and Oceanic peoples, and social theory.
• 1986 - Astrit Hasani was born. Professional table-tennis player Kosova .
• 1989 - Se inauguran las obras de restauración del museo Louvre incluyendo la nueva pirámide de acceso.
• 1991 - Lee Atwater dies (b. 1951). Republican advisor.
• 1992 - Paul Henreid dies (b. 1908). Actor.
• 1992 - La policía francesa detiene a los tres máximos dirigentes de ETA.
• 1993 - Catherine Callbeck becomes Premier of Prince Edward Island and Canada's first female premier.
• 1993 - Edouard Balladur becomes Prime Minister of France.
• 1994 - O governo da Guatemala e guerrilheiros rebeldes assinam um tratado de direitos humanos simbolizando a esperança de um breve fim da guerra civil que já durava 33 anos.
• 1997 - Norman Wingate Pirie dies (b. 1 July 1907). British biochemist and virologist who collaborated with Frederick Bawden to demonstrate that the genetic material found in viruses is RNA.
• 1997 - Ruth Sager dies (b.7 Feb 1918).American cellular geneticist whose research (1950's - 60's) altered the prevailing view about where genetic material was within the cell. In particular, she recognized that a second set of genes were found outside of the cell's nucleus.
• 1998 - Vasco da Gama Bridge in Lisbon, Portugal is inaugurated / A Ponte Vasco da Gama que liga Lisboa a Seixal foi inaugurada pelo Presidente da República Portuguesa, Jorge Sampaio, a 29 de Março de 1998.
• 1998 - Paulo Ubiratan morre no Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. (ataque coração) ( b. 14 Jan 1947). Director de novelas e actor [ "Por Amor" (1997) ; A Indomada" (1997) , "Anjo de Mim" (1996) "O Fim do Mundo" (1996) "Tropicaliente" (1994) "Pedra Sobre Pedra" (1992) "Tieta" (1989) "O Salvador da Pátria" (1989) "Roda de Fogo" (1986) "Roque Santeiro" (1985) "Sétimo Sentido" (1982) "Baila Comigo" (1981) "Coração Alado" (1980) "Água Viva" (1980) "Feijão Maravilha" (1979) "Sinal de Alerta" (1978) e muitas outras ].
• 1998 - Athelstan Frederick Spilhaus dies (b. 25 Nov 1911).South African-born American geophysicist and inventor.
• 1999 - Atiana de la Hoya was born. Reality TV star; daughter of Shanna Moakler and Oscar de la Hoya
• 1999 - The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes at 10006.78 – above the 10,000 mark for the first time ever.
• 1999 - Joe Williams dies (b. 1918). Jazz singer.
• 2001 - Helge Ingstad dies (b. 1899). Explorer.
• 2001 - A chartered Gulfstream III jet crashes into a hillside during approach into Aspen, Colorado, killing 18 people.
• 2003 - The Baldin Collection goes on display at Moscow's Museum of Architecture. The 362 drawings and 2 paintings were taken in 1945 from Germany by Viktor Baldin, a soldier of the conquering Red Army.
• 2003 - Dr. Carlo Urbani dies (b. 1956). Discoverer of SARS
• 2003 - For the first time, US servicemen are killed by a suicide bomber in Iraq. The four soldiers died at a checkpoint near Najaf at the hands of someone described bas a non-commissioned officer in the Iraqi army.
• 2004 - Alistair Cooke dies (b. 1908). Television host.
• 2004 - Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia join NATO as full members.
• 2004 - The Republic of Ireland becomes the first country in the world to ban smoking in all work places, including bars and restaurants.
• 2006 - Predicted total solar eclipse.