On this day in History - Mar 14

• 0752 - Pope Zacharias dies
• 1457 - Jingtai Emperor of China dies (b. 1428).
• 1471 - Sir Thomas Malory dies. English author.
• 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice.
• 1492 - Queen Isabella of Castille orders her 150,000 Jewish subjects to convert to Christianity or face expulsion.
• 1559 - Jacques d'Auchy, Walloon Baptist merchant, was executed.
• 1590 - Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguenots defeat the forces of the Catholic League under the Duc de Mayenne during the French Wars of Religion.
• 1630 - Fallece en Tiberíades, Isaiah ben Abraham Ha-Levi Horowitz (Shelaj Hakadosh), n.c.1565 en Praga. Rabbi, cabalista, escribió "Shnei Lujot Habrith".
• 1638 - Johann Georg Gichtel was born (d. 1710). German mystic.
• 1647 - Thirty Years War: Bavaria, Cologne, France and Sweden sign the Truce of Ulm.
• 1648 - Ferdinando Fairfax, 2nd Lord Fairfax of Cameron dies (b. 1584). English general.
• 1680 - René Le Bossu dies (b. 1631). French critic.
• 1681 - Georg Philipp Telemann was born in Magdeburg, Brandenburg (d. 1767). German composer.
• 1682 - Jacob Isaakszoon van Ruysdael dies. Dutch painter.
• 1696 - Jean Domat dies (b. 1625). French jurist.
  1698 - Claes Rålamb dies (b. 1622). Swedish statesman.
• 1743 - Em Lisboa, foi preso o maçónico Jean Coustor.
• 1748 - George Wade dies (b. 1673). British military leader.
• 1757 - John Byng dies executed (b. 1704). British admiral.
• 1757 - On-board the HMS Monarch, Admiral John Byng is executed by firing squad for neglecting his duty.
• 1791 - Johann Salomo Semler dies (b. 1725). German historian and Bible commentator.
• 1794 - Eli Whitney is granted a patent for the cotton gin.
• 1800 - Cardinal Barnaba Chiaramonti is elected Pope Pius VII .
• 1803 - Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock dies (b. 1724). German writer.
• 1804 - Johann Strauß, Sr. was born (d. 1849). Austrian composer.
• 1813 - Joseph Philo Bradley was born (d. 1892). Associate justice of the United States Supreme Court.
• 1820 - Vítor Emanuel II, rei de Itália.
• 1823 - Théodore de Banville was born (d. 1891). French writer.
• 1823 - Charles François Dumouriez dies (b. 1739). French general.
• 1826 - The first Pan-American conference convened in Panama with representatives from Mexico, Colombia, Peru, and Central America in attendance.
• 1835 - Giovanni Schiaparelli was born (d. 1910). Italian astronomer.
• 1843 - O general Dumouriez morre. Esteve em Lisboa em 1766 tendo deixado uma descrição do país que não visitou, que fez muito sucesso na Europa e mais tarde em Portugal .
• 1844 - King Umberto I of Italy was born (d. 1900).
• 1847 - Castro Alves was born. Brazilian poet (Espumas Flutuantes) .
• 1853 - Ferdinand Hodler was born (d. 1918). Swiss painter.
• 1854 - Paul Ehrlich was born (d. 1915). German scientist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1908.
• 1862 - Vilhelm Bjerknes was born (d. 1961). Russian physicist.
• 1864 - Casey Jones was born in southeastern Missouri. American railroad engineer
• 1869 - Algernon Blackwood was born (d. 1951). British writer.
• 1869 - Defeat of Titokowaru.
• 1875 - Czech composer Smetana's "Vysehrad," premiered.
• 1877 - Juan Manuel de Rosas dies (b. 30 Mar 1793). Argentine politician.
• 1879 - Albert Einstein was born (d. 18 Apr 1955). German-born American physicist, one of the most creative intellects in human history, developed groundbreaking theories of relativity, and won 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics.
• 1880 - Francisco Antonio Vidal asume la presidencia de la República de Uruguay, tras la renuncia de Lorenzo Latorre.
• 1882 - Waclaw Sierpinski was born (d. 1969). Polish mathematician.
• 1883 - Karl Marx dies in London (b. 1818). Political theorist and philosopher.
• 1884 - Quintino Sella dies (b. 1827). Italian statesman.
• 1885 - Raoul Lufbery was born (d. 1918). World War I American flying ace.
• 1887 - Sylvia Beach was born (d. 1962). American expatriate publisher.
• 1889 - Arturo Capdevila was born. Argentine poet and historian.
• 1900 - The Gold Standard Act is ratified, placing United States currency on the gold standard.
• 1903 - The Hay-Herran Treaty, granting the United States the right to build the Panama Canal, is ratified by the United States Senate. The Columbian Senate would later reject the treaty.
• 1903 - Theodore Roosevelt issues an executive order making Pelican Island, in Florida, a “preserve and breeding ground for native birds,” marking the birth of the National Wildlife Refuge System.
• 1903 - Mustafa Barzani was born (d. 1979). Kurdish politician, leader of Kurdistan Democratic Party
• 1905 - Raymond Aron was born (d. 1983). French philosopher and sociologist.
• 1905 - Chelsea Football Club was founded at The Rising Sun pub (now The Butcher's Hook) opposite today's main entrance to the ground on the Fulham Road;
• 1911- Portugal: Lei eleitoral da República. Alargou substancialmente o sufrágio, mas ficou muito aquém do sufrágio universal defendido e prometido pelo Partido Republicano.
• 1912 - Les Brown was born (d. 2001). American band leader.
• 1914 - Bill Owen was born (d. 1999). British actor.
• 1914 - Lee Petty was born (d. 2000). American race car driver.
• 1914 - The Comforter, Frederick Samuel Modise is born, in a Sotho township in South Africa
• 1915 - World War I: Cornered off the coast of Chile by the Royal Navy after fleeing the disastrous Battle of the Falkland Islands, the German light cruiser SMS Dresden is abandoned and scuttled by her crew.
• 1915 - Alexander Brott was born (d. 2005). Canadian conductor and composer.
• 1916 - Horton Foote was born. American writer.
• 1917 - China broke off diplomatic relations with Germany.
• 1918 - Dennis Patrick was born. American actor.
• 1920 - Hank Ketcham was born (d. 2001). American cartoonist (Dennis the Menace)
• 1923 - Pete Parker does the first-ever complete radio broadcast of a hockey game in the world, in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.
• 1923 - Diane Arbus was born (d. 1971). American photographer.
• 1925 - Francis A. Marzen was born. American Catholic prelate
  1925 - William Clay Ford, Sr. was born. Ford Motor Co. Director Emeritus, Detroit Lions Football Franchise Owner
• 1926 - Carlos Heitor Cony was born. Brazilian writer and journalist.
• 1928 - Frank Borman was born. , astronaut and former Eastern Airlines president.
• 1932 - George Eastman dies (b. 1854). American inventor.
• 1933 - Michael Caine was born. British actor.
• 1933 - Quincy Jones was born. American music producer and composer .
• 1933 - René Felber was born. Member of the Swiss Federal Council from 1987 to 1993.
• 1934 - Eugene Cernan was born. Gemini and Apollo astronaut, last human to leave his footprints on the moon .
• 1934 - João do Canto e Castro dies. President of Portuguese Republic (1918-1919).
• 1937 - O Vaticano realizou a encíclica Divini Redemptoris.
• 1938 - Um dos mais importantes líderes e teórico da Revolução Soviética, Nikolai Bukharin, é executado a mando de Josef Stalin, após ter sido acusado de “espionar” em favor das potências ocidentais.
• 1938 - Glauber Rocha was born (d. 22 Aug 1981). Brazilian film director. Filmmaker Glauber Rocha was one of the central figures in the Brazilian Cinema Novo movement (O Dragao da Maldade Contra o Santo Guerreiro, Terra em Transe, Deus e O Diabo Na Terra Do Sol, Barravento)
• 1938 - Angus Maclise was born (d. 1979). American mystic, shaman, musician, and composer.
• 1939 - German troops fully occupy the Czechoslovak provinces of Bohemia and Moravia.
• 1941 - Wolfgang Petersen was born. German director, Das Boot .
• 1945 - Jasper Carrot (born Bob Davies). British comedian.
• 1945 - Chile declared war on Germany.
• 1946 - Steve Kanaly was born. American actor.
• 1947 - Pam Ayres was born. British poet.
• 1947 - Billy Crystal was born in Long Beach, Long Island, New York. American actor, comedian.
• 1950 - Rick Dees was born. American disc jockey
• 1951 - Korean War: For the second time, United Nations troops recapture Seoul.
• 1956 - Jonathan Bowen was born. British computer scientist.
• 1957 - Andrew Robinson was born. British editor and author .
• 1958 - Albert II, Prince of Monaco was born.
• 1959 - J.R.D.A.C.I. founded at a congress in Treichville, Côte d'Ivoire.
• 1960 - Kirby Puckett was born (d. 2006). American baseball player.
• 1961 - Penny Johnson Jerald was born. American actress
• 1963 - Bruce Reid was born. Australian cricketer .
• 1964 - A jury in Dallas, Texas finds Jack Ruby guilty of killing John F. Kennedy assassin Lee Harvey Oswald.
• 1965 - Aamir Khan was born. Indian actor.
• 1965 - Catherine Dent was born. American actress.
• 1965 - Kevin Brown was born. American baseball player.
• 1965 - Kevin Williamson was born. American screenwriter.
• 1967 - The body of President John F. Kennedy is moved to a permanent burial place at Arlington National Cemetery.
• 1969 - The Beatles' Yellow Submarine became the rock band's 14th gold album.
• 1973 - Rafael Godoy dies (b. 1907). Colombian composer.
• 1973 - Chic Young dies (b. 1901). Cartoonist (Blondie).
• 1973 - Howard H. Aiken dies (b. 1900). Engineer.
• 1975 - Em Portugal, foram extintos o Conselho de Estado e a Junta de Salvação Nacional .
• 1975 - Johan Paulik (aka Daniel Ferenčík) was born. Slovak pornographic actor.
• 1975 - Susan Hayward dies (b. 1917). Actress.
• 1976 - Merlin Santana was born (d. 2002). American actor.
• 1976 - Busby Berkeley dies (b. 1895). Choreographer, director.
• 1977 - Mervyn Colley was born. British kabbalist and ceremonial magician
• 1977 - Fannie Lou Hamer dies (b. 1917). American civil rights activist.
• 1978 - The Israeli Defense Force, in retaliation for a terrorist attack three days earlier, invades and occupies southern Lebanon, under codename Operation Litani, resulting in the evacuation of at least 100,000 Lebanese, approximately 2,000 deaths, as well as the creation of United Nations Interim Forces In Lebanon (UNIFIL).
• 1978 - Pieter van den Hoogenband was born. Dutch swimmer.
• 1979 - In China, a Hawker-Siddeley Trident crashes into a factory near Beijing, killing at least 200.
• 1979 - Chris Klein was born. American actor.
• 1980 - In Poland, a plane crashes during an emergency landing near Warsaw, killing a 14-man American boxing team and 73 others.
• 1980 - Muere en accidente de aviación Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente.
• 1981 - Mei-Ting Sun was born. Chinese-born pianist.
• 1982 - João José de Melo Cochofel Aires de Campos dies (b. in Coimbra, 17 Jul 1919). Portuguese poet and essayst.
• 1983 - Bakhtiyar Artayev was born. Kazakh boxer.
• 1983 - Taylor Hanson was born. American musician in the group Hanson, record producer.
• 1984 - Gerry Adams, head of Sinn Féin, is seriously wounded in an assassination attempt in in central Belfast.
• 1985 - Bill Cosby captured four People’s Choice Awards for "The Cosby Show".
• 1986 - Jamie Bell was born. British actor .
• 1989 - Gun control: President George H. W. Bush bans the importation of assault rifles into the United States.
• 1989 - Edward Abbey dies (b. 1927). American author.
• 1990 - Mikhail S. Gorbachev becomes president of the Soviet Congress.
• 1991 - After 16 years in prison for allegedly bombing a pub in an Irish Republican Army attack, the "Birmingham Six" are freed when a court determines that the police fabricated evidence.
• 1991 - The emir of Kuwait (Sheik Jaber al-Ahmed al-Sabah) returned home after seven months in exile.
• 1991 - Doc Pomus dies (b. 1925). Composer.
• 1991 - Howard Ashman dies (b. 1950). Lyricist.
• 1992 - Steven Brian Pennell (34), serial killer, was executed. This was the 1st execution in Delaware in 45 years.
• 1992 - Jean Poiret dies at 65. French actor, writer (La Cage aux Folles).
• 1993 - Andorra aproves his new Constituition.
• 1994 - Timeline of Linux development: Linux kernel version 1.0.0 is released.
• 1995 - Manned space mission: Astronaut Norman Thagard becomes the first American astronaut to ride to space on-board a Russian launch vehicle.
• 1996 - American President Bill Clinton commits $100 million to an anti-terrorism agreement with Israel to track down and root out terrorists.
• 1997 - The Chinese city of Chongqing (formerly Chunking) is upgraded to a centrally administered municipality.
• 1997 - Fred Zinnemann dies in London of heart attack (b. 1907). Austrian-born director.
• 1998 - An earthquake measuring 6.9 on the Richter scale hits southeastern Iran.
• 1999 - In Venezuela Irene Saez, a former Miss Universe, won the governorship of Margarita Island.
• 1999 - Gregg Diamond dies. Pianist, percussionist and composer.
• 2002 - In Pakistan Pres. Musharraf said the war in Afghanistan is over. The 12 day Operation Anaconda left as many as 800 enemy fighters dead.
• 2002 - In Jakarta the human-rights trial to probe the 1999 violence in East Timor began with 3 generals among the 18 suspects accused of crimes against humanity.
• 2002 -Yugoslavia was declared dead as Serbia and Montenegro agreed to rename their federation: “Serbia and Montenegro.”
• 2002 - John C. Polkinghorne, a British mathematical physicist and Anglican priest, was named winner of the 2002 $1 million Templeton Prize.
• 2002 - Cherry Wilder dies (b. 1930). New Zealand-born author.
• 2003 - Actor Robert Blake was released from jail on $1.5 million bail, 11 months after he was arrested on charges of murdering his wife, Bonny Lee Bakley.
• 2003 - Jack Goldstein dies (b. 1945). Canadian-born artist.
• 2003 - Jean-Luc Lagardère dies (b. 1928). French publisher.
• 2004 - Pope John Paul II becomes the second-longest serving pope in history.
• 2004 - Vladimir Putin is re-elected president of Russia, while the PSOE wins elections in Spain just days after terrorist attacks in Madrid.
• 2004 - Chris Benoit won the World Heavyweight Championship at WrestleMania XX.
• 2004 - Vladimir Putin the intelligence officer and politician who became president of Russia in 1999 upon the resignation of Boris Yeltsin, was overwhelmingly reelected to a second term as president this day in 2004.
• 2004 - the PSOE wins elections in Spain just days after terrorist attacks in Madrid. Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero of the Socialist Party ends eight years of conservative government after promising to pull Spanish troops out of Iraq and address unaffordable housing and job insecurity at home.
• 2005 - The online statistics service SOTKAnet is opened for the public in Finland.
• 2005 - Mass Protest against Syrian influence in Lebanon takes place in Beirut as part of the Cedar Revolution.
• 2005 - The Hague tribunal indicted former Macedonian Interior Minister Ljube Boskovski for war crimes.
• 2005 - The U.N. tribunal for Rwanda sentenced Vincent Rutaganira, a former local leader, to six years in prison after he pleaded guilty to a charge of extermination by omission under a plea bargain with prosecutors.