On this day in History - Jan. 01

• 45 BC - Julian calendar goes into effect.
• 0379 - Basilius the Great, of Caesarea, Saint (Moralia), dies .
• 0404 - Last gladiator competition in Rome and martyrdom of Saint Telemachus.
• 0430 - Maomé regressou a Meca, após ter derrotado as forças de Meca e os seus aliados. O Islamismo triunfou na Arábia.
• 0431 - Pope Alexander VI [Rodrigo Borgia] Spanish/Italian pope (1492-1503) was born (d. 1503).
• 1438 - Albert II of Habsburg becomes King of Hungary.
• 1449 - Lorenzo de Medici was born (d.1492). Italian statesman.
• 1467 - Sigismund I, the old, was born. King of Poland.
• 1484 - Huldreich Zwingli was born (d. 1531). Swiss Protestant leader.
• 1502 - Navegadores portugueses exploram a Baía da Guanabara e confundem-na com a foz de um rio a que chamam Rio de Janeiro.
• 1502 - Gregorius XIII, [Ugo Buoncampagni] dies. Italian Pope (1572-85).
• 1515 - Louis XII of France dies (b. 1462) .
• 1516 - Margareta Leijonhufvud was born (d. 1551). Queen of Sweden.
• 1574 - Bolivia: el conquistador español Santiago Barba de Padilla funda la ciudad de Oropesa, que fue llamada Cochabamba a partir de 1786.
• 1600 - Scotland first began the numbered year of its Julian calendar .
• 1618 - Bartolomé Esteban Murillo was born (d. 1682). Spanish painter.
• 1622 - No seguimento das reformas do calendário, começadas em fins do século XVI, o Papado adopta o dia 1 de Janeiro como início do ano novo, em vez do dia 25 de Março.
• 1651 - Charles II crowned King of Scotland .
• 1660 - Samuel Pepys, começou a escrever o seu famoso diário, em que descreveu a vida londrina da segunda metade do século XVII, incluindo a Grande Peste de 1664-1665, o Grande Incêndio de 1666, assim como a vida da corte inglesa, em que se inclui notícias sobre a chegada da infanta portuguesa D. Catarina de Bragança.
• 1700 - Russia first adopted Weste rn numbers for its Julian calendar .
• 1701 - Great Britain & Ireland union is in effect, creating United Kingdom .
• 1707 - John V becomes King of Portugal .
• 1735 - Paul Revere was born (d. 1818). American silversmith, patriot.
• 1738 - Bouvet Island was discovered .
• 1752 - England and its colonies first began the numbered year of their calendar .
• 1763 - O Brasil é elevado a vice-reino. A capital é transferida de Salvador para o Rio de Janeiro.
• 1782 - Johann Christian Bach, dies (b. 1735). German composer.
• 1787 - José Anastácio da Cunha dies (b. 11 Mar 1744). Portuguese mathematician and poet.
• 1788 - First edition of The Times, previously The Daily Universal Register, was published.
• 1790 - Fundação da Academia Real de Fortificação, Artilharia e Desenho.
• 1801 - Legislative union of Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland completed to form United Kingdom .
• 1801 - Discovery of 1 Ceres, first known asteroid by Giuseppe Piazzi .
• 1804 - End of French rule in Haiti.
• 1808 - Importation of slaves into the United States is banned .
• 1808 - Sierra Leone becomes a British colony.
• 1816 - Manuel Murillo Toro was born. Colombian olitician and writer who was for two times President of Republic of Colombia
• 1820 - Revolução liberal em Espanha. O general Riego revolta-se em Cádis, sendo acompanhado por levantamentos na Corunha, Saragoça e Barcelona. A Constituição espanhola de 1812 é restabelecida.
• 1821 - A guarnição militar da cidade do Pará, no Brasil, estabelece uma junta constitucional, na ausência do governador.
• 1823 - Sándor Petöfi was born (d. 1849). Hungarian poet and revolutionary.
• 1836 - Casamento por procuração de D. Maria II com o príncipe Fernando Augusto de Saxe-Coburgo-Gotha, irmão do primeiro rei dos Belgas, Leopoldo.
• 1837 - Um violento terramoto atinge Israel, matando aproximadamente 4000 pessoas. Quase todos os mortos foram judeus. Mais de 2000 pessoas morreram em Tzfat e 700 em T’veriya.
• 1838 - 1st official horse race in South Australia-Adelaide .
• 1841 - Francisco Ferrera is elected the first President of Republic in Honduras.
• 1852 - Netherlands begins issuing postage stamps .
• 1858 - Canada begins using decimal currency system .
• 1859 - Henrique Pousão was born. Portuguese naturalist painter prematured died with 25 years old.
• 1863 - Abraham Lincoln delivers the Emancipation Proclamation during the second year of the American Civil War.
• 1863 - The first claim under the Homestead Act is made for a farm in Nebraska .
• 1863 - Pierre de Coubertin was born (d. 1937). French historian and pedagogue, initiator of modern Olympic Games
• 1864 - Alfred Stieglitz was born (d. 1946). American photographer .
• 1865 - Chile: se establece el sistema métrico decimal.
• 1871 - Argentina: entra en vigor el Código Civil argentino, redactado por Dalmacio Vélez Sársfield.
• 1873 - Mariano Azuela was born. Mexican novelist (The Flies, The Bosses) .
• 1874 - New York City annexes The Bronx .
• 1879 - Ernest Jones was born [d.1958]; Welsh psychoanalyst who introduced psychoanalysis into Great Britain and North America.
• 1880 - Construction of the Panama Canal begins .
• 1885 - The Montgolfier brothers cross the English Channel .
• 1887 - Queen Victoria is proclaimed Empress of India at the first Imperial Assemblage (Durbar) in Delhi.
• 1892 - Ellis Island opens to begin accepting immigrants to the United States .
• 1893 - Japan accepts the Gregorian calendar .
• 1894 - Satyendra Nath Bose was born [d. 1974] ;Indian mathematician and physicist who collaborated with Albert Einstein to develop a theory of statistical quantum mechanics, now called Bose-Einstein statistics.
• 1894 - Manchester Ship Canal in England opens to traffic .
• 1895 - J. Edgar Hoover was born (d. 1972). FBI director.
• 1897 - Brooklyn, New York merges with New York City.
• 1898 - New York City annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York. The city is geographically divided into five boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, The Bronx, and Staten Island.
• 1899 - End of Spanish rule in Cuba.
• 1899 - Queens and Staten Island merge with New York City.
• 1900 - Xavier Cugat was born (d. 27 Oct 1990). Spanish composer and conductor.
• 1901 - Nigeria becomes a British protectorate.
• 1901 - Establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia (Federation).
• 1902 - The first Rose Bowl game is played in Pasadena, California.
• 1911 - Northern Territory is separated from South Australia.
• 1912 - Establishment of Republic of China .
• 1916 - Revolución de México, el político Venustiano Carranza llega con su séquito a Querétaro, ciudad a la que proclama capital de la república.
• 1917 - Jule Gregory Charney was born [d.1981]. American meteorologist who, working with John von Neumann, first introduced the electronic computer into weather prediction (1950) and improved understanding of the large-scale circulation of the atmosphere .
• 1921 - António de Sousa Freitas was born in Buarcos (d. 30 Jun 2004). Portuguese poet.
• 1921 - Nicaragua, Diego Manuel Chamorro comienza su mandato presidencial, caracterizado por la constante agitación.
• 1922 - Rocky Graziano was born (d. 1990). American boxer.
• 1925 - Norway's capital Christiania changes name to Oslo.
• 1931 - Chun Doo Hwan was born, president of South Korea .
• 1933 - fundado o Galícia Esporte Clube (Baía - Brasil) .
• 1934 - Alcatraz becomes a federal prison.
• 1935 - Italian colonies of Tripoli, Cyrenaica and Fezzan are merged to form Libya.
• 1937 - Anastasio Somoza becomes President of Nicaragua .
• 1939 - Vienna New Year's Concert is first held.
• 1942 - World War II: The word "United Nations" is first officially used to describe the Allied pact signed by 26 nations.
• 1945 - Bahawalpur State issues its own stamps.
• 1945 - France joins the UN .
• 1946 - Roberto Rivelino was born. Brazilian footballer.
• 1947 - Britain nationalizes its coal industry .
• 1948 - Entra en vigor el Acuerdo General sobre Tarifas Aduaneras y Comercio (GATT).
• 1948 - Nationalisation of UK railways to form British Railways.
• 1948 - Enrico De Nicola becomes President of the State of Italy.
• 1948 - Italy adopts constitution.
• 1950 - Ho Chi Minh begins offensive against French troops in Indo-China .
• 1955 - Bhutan issues its 1st postage stamps .
• 1956 - End of Anglo-Egyptian Condominium in Sudan.
• 1956 - Sudan is declared an independent republic.
• 1958 - European Community established.
• 1959 - Fulgencio Batista, President of the Republic of Cuba, is overthrown by Fidel Castro's forces.
• 1960 - Benín becomes independent from France .
• 1960 - Montserrat adopts constitution.
• 1960 - Cameroon becomes independent from France.
• 1962 - Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand.
• 1962 - La República Dominicana, tras la muerte del dictador Trujillo, asume el poder el Consejo de Estado, presidido por Joaquín Balaguer .
• 1964 - The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is divided into the independent republics of Zambia and Malawi, and the British-controlled Rhodesia.
• 1965 - Palestinian al-Fatah organization forms .
• 1966 - Simon & Garfunkel's "Sounds of Silence" reaches #1
• 1967 - St Helena adopts constitution .
• 1967 - Tonga revises constitution .
• 1968 - Netherlands gets color TV .
• 1969 - Marien Ngouabi becomes President of the Republic of Congo.
• 1969 - Ian Fleming dies at 80. Writer (James Bond).
• 1970 - Unix epoch begins at 00:00:00 UTC.
• 1971 - Cigarette advertisements banned on United States television.
• 1972 - Maurice Chevalier dies (b. 1888). French actor and singer.
• 1972 - Lucinda do Carmo dies.Portuguese actress.
• 1973 - United Kingdom, Ireland and Denmark join the EEC.
• 1973 - Clyde Wijnhard was born. Soccer player (Ajax, RKC).
• 1973 - West African Economic Community formed (Benin, Ivory Coast, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Upper Volta) .
• 1975 - International Women's Year begins .
• 1975 - Sweden adopts constitution .
• 1976 - Venezuela nationalizes oil fields .
• 1976 - NBC introduces its new logo: an abstract "N", similar to the Nebraska Educational Television Network logo .
• 1977 - 1st woman formally ordained an Episcopal priest (Jacqueline Means) .
• 1978 - Air India Flight 855 Boeing 747 exploded and crashed into the sea off the coast of Bombay killing 213.
• 1979 - United States and the People's Republic of China establish formal diplomatic relations.
• 1979 - International Year of the Child begins.
• 1980 - Elin Nordegren was born. Swedish model .
• 1981 - Palau becomes self-governing.
• 1981 - Greece enters the European Community .
• 1981 - International Year for the Disabled begins.
• 1982 - El peruano Javier Pérez de Cuéllar asume el cargo de Secretario General de las Naciones Unidas.
• 1983 - The ARPANET officially changes to use the Internet Protocol, creating the Internet.
• 1984 - Brunei becomes a fully independent state.
• 1984 - Claudio Estrada dies. Mexican composer and guitarist.
• 1986 - Spain and Portugal are admitted into the European Community.
• 1986 - Aruba becomes independent of Curacao.
• 1986 - International Peace Year begins.
• 1987 - Nunavut's capital changes it name to Iqaluit from Frobisher Bay.
• 1988 - Czech born tennis star Hana Mandikova becomes an Australian Citizen .
• 1989 - Entra en vigor el Protocolo de Montreal, ratificado por 29 países y la CE, para proteger la capa de ozono.
• 1992 - George H. W. Bush is first President of the United States to address the Australian Parliament .
• 1992 - Argentina: el peso reemplaza al austral como moneda argentina.
• 1993 - Velvet Divorce: Czechoslovakia divides into Slovakia and the Czech Republic.
• 1993 - A single market within the European Community is introduced.
• 1993 - Portugal assumes de presidency of EEC
• 1994 - North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) goes into effect.
• 1994 - The EZLN makes its presence known in the state of Chiapas, Mexico, initiating 12 days of armed conflict in that southeastern Mexican state.
• 1994 - International Year of Family .
• 1995 - International Year of Tolerance .
• 1995 - World Trade Organization goes into effect.
• 1995 - Fred West dies (b. 1941). British serial killer awaiting trial, hanged himself in prison.
• 1995 - Fernando Henrique Cardoso toma posse como presidente do Brasil.
• 1995 - Austria, Finland and Sweden enter the European Union.
• 1996 - Curacao gains limited self-government.
• 1998 - Smoking is banned in all California bars and restaurants.
• 1998 - Fernando Henrique Cardoso toma posse fazendo seu 2º mandato como presidente do Brasil.
• 1998 - Mongolia switches from a 46 hour to 40 hour work week .
• 1999 - Euro currency introduced.
• 2000 - Proclamação da República de Taiwan.
• 2002 - Euro banknotes and coins become legal tender.
• 2002 - The Open Skies mutual surveillance treaty, initially signed in 1992, officially enters in to force.
• 2003 - Luís Inácio Lula da Silva becomes president of Brazil.
• 2004 - Pervez Musharraf gets vote of confidence to continue as President of Pakistan from Parliament and provincial assemblies .
• 2005 - José Serra toma posse como prefeito da maior cidade do Brasil São Paulo.
• World Day of Peace
• Haiti Independence Day
• Taiwan Founding of Republic of China.
• Sudan Independence Day
• Cuba Liberation Day
• Slovakia: Establishment of Slovak Republic.