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2005-11-20

On this day in History - Nov. 20

0284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor.
0870 - King Edmund of East Anglia dies.
1316 - King John I of France dies (born five days before)
1407 - A solemn truce between John, Duke of Burgundy and Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans is agreed under the auspicies of John, Duke of Berry. Orléans would be assassinated three days later by Burgundy.
1468 - Joanot Martorell's book Tirant lo Blanc is published for the first time.
1518 - Marmaduke Constable dies. English soldier
1518 - Pierre de La Rue dies. Flemish composer
1529 - Karl von Miltitz dies. Papal nuncio
1591 - Christopher Hatton dies (b. 1540). English politician
1602 - Otto von Guericke was born (d. 1686). German physicist and inventor.
1612 - John Harington dies (b. 1561). English writer
1620 - Peregrine White was born (d. 1704). First English child born in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
1621 - Avvakum was born (d. 1682). Russian priest and writer.
1625 - Paulus Potter was born (d. 1654). Dutch painter.
1651 - Mikołaj Potocki dies (b. 1595). Polish soldier
1660 - Daniel Ernst Jablonski was born (d. 1741). German theologian.
1662 - Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria dies (b. 1614). Governor of the Spanish Netherlands
1695 - Zumbi, the last of the leaders of Quilombo dos Palmares in early Brazil, was executed.
1700 - Great Northern War: Battle of Narva - King Charles XII of Sweden defeats the army of Tsar Peter the Great at Narva.
1737 - Caroline of Ansbach dies (b. 1683). Queen of George II of Great Britain
1742 - Melchior de Polignac dies (b. 1661). French diplomat.
1758 - Johan Helmich Roman dies (b. 1694). Swedish composer
1761 - Pope Pius VIII was born (d. 1830)
1762 - Pierre André Latreille was born (d. 1833). French entomologist.
1764- Christian Goldbach dies (b. 1690). Prussian mathematician.
1765 - Sir Thomas Fremantle was born (d.1819). British naval captain and politician.
1778 - Francesco Cetti dies (b. 1726). Italian Jesuit scientist.
1888 - Nathaniel Currier dies. Lithographer Currier and his partner James Merritt Ives published more than 7,000 prints between 1840 and 1890, which were among the most popular wall hangings in 19th-century America.
1786 - Francisco García was born (d. 1841). Mexican politician
1789 - New Jersey becomes the first U.S. state to ratify the Bill of Rights.
1815 - In the final phases of the Napoleonic Wars, Britain, Russia, Austria, and Prussia renewed the Quadruple Alliance to prevent further French aggression.
1820 - An 80-ton sperm whale attacks the Essex (a whaling ship from Nantucket, Massachusetts) 2,000 miles from the western coast of South America (Herman Melville's 1851 novel Moby-Dick was in part inspired by this story).
1825 - António de Serpa Pimentel was born in Coimbra (d. 1900). Portuguese politician
1841 - Wilfrid Laurier was born (d. 1919). Seventh Prime Minister of Canada.
1858 - Selma Lagerlöf was born (d. 1940). Swedish author, Nobel Prize laureate in 1909.
1864 - Erik Axel Karlfeldt was born (d. 1931). Swedish writer.
1866 - Kenesaw Mountain Landis was born (d. 1944). American judge and first baseball commissioner.
1884 - Norman Thomas was born (d. 1968). American social reformer.
1886 - Karl von Frisch was born. Austrian zoologist/bee expert who was laureate with the Nobel Prize in 1973
1889 - Edwin Hubble was born (d. 1953). American astronomer.
1894 - Anton Rubinstein dies (b. 1829). Russian pianist and composer.
1902 - Henri Desgrange and fellow journalist Géo Lefèvre dream up the idea of the Tour de France over lunch at the Café de Madrid in Paris.
1903 - Alexandra Danilova was born (d. 1997). Russian ballerina
1904 - Yevgenia Ginzburg was born (d. 1977). Russian writer
1906 - Portugal: O deputado republicano Afonso Costa, discursando durante o debate sobre o problema dos adiantamentos feitos pelo ministério da Fazenda a membros da família real, afirma que: «Por menos do que fez o Sr. D. Carlos, rolou no cadafalso a cabeça de Luís XVI». Os deputados republicanos foram expulsos da Câmara e suspensos por um mês. D. Carlos seria assassinado por republicanos em 1 de Fevereiro de 1908.
1908 - Alistair Cooke was born (d. 2004). British-born journalist.
1911- Armando Tavares Belo was born. Portuguese composer and conductor.
1910 - Mexican Revolution: Francisco I. Madero denounces President Porfirio Díaz, declares himself president, and calls for a revolution to overthrow the government of Mexico. / Francisco Madero launched a failed revolt that nonetheless sparked the Mexican Revolution by inspiring hope in such leaders as Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata, who then mobilized their ragged armies.
1910 - Vitória Futebol Clube (Setúbal, Portugal) is founded.
1910 - Leo Tolstoy dies (b. 1828). Russian novelist.
1912 - Otto von Habsburg was born. German head of the Austrian imperial family
1913 - Judy Canova was born (d. 1983). American actress.
1914 - Emilio Pucci was born (d. 1992). Italian fashion designer.
1914 - José Revueltas was born. Mexican novelist and writer
1917 - Robert Byrd was born. U.S. Senator from West Virginia.
1917 - Bobby Locke was born (d. 1987). South African golfer.
1917 - World War I: Battle of Cambrai begins - British forces make early progress in an attack on German positions but are later pushed back. For the first time, tanks were used effectively in warfare, by the British at the Battle of Cambrai.
1917 - Ukraine is declared a republic.
1919 - Evelyn Keyes was born. American actress
1920 - Portugal: Álvaro de Castro assumes the place of prime-minister.
1921 - Jim Garrison was born (d. 1992). American detective, author, and politician.
1922 - Ricardo Flores Magón dies into an american prison. Mexican revolucionary
1923 - Nadine Gordimer was born. South African writer, Nobel Prize laureate
1924 - Benoît Mandelbrot was born. Polish-born mathematician
1925 - Robert F. Kennedy was born (d. 1968). U.S. Attorney General
1925 - Maya Plisetskaya was born. Russian ballet dancer.
1926 - Artur Ramos was born. Portuguese film director
1926 - Andrzej Wiktor Schally was born. Polish endocrinologist
1925 - Queen Alexandra of the United Kingdom dies (b. 1844)
1927 - Estelle Parsons was born. American actress
1928 - Aleksey Batalov was born. Russian actor
1932 - Richard Dawson was born. British actor and game show host
1934 - José Cutileiro. Portuguese politician and diplomat
1936 - Don DeLillo was born. American author
1936 - Buenaventura Durruti dies (b. 1896). Spanish anarchist.
1936 - José Antonio Primo de Rivera dies (b. 1903). Spanish activist and politician.
1937 - René Kollo was born. German tenor
1939 - Dick Smothers was born. American comedian
1939 - João Medina was born. Portuguese writer and teacher.
1942 - Joseph Biden was born. U.S. Senator from Delaware
1940 - World War II: Hungary, Romania and Slovakia join the Axis Powers.
1942 - Super Dave Osborne was born. American actor
1943 - World War II: Battle of Tarawa begins - United States Marines land on Tarawa and Makin atolls in the Gilbert Islands and take heavy fire from Japanese shore guns.
1945 - Nuremberg Trials begin: Trials against 24 Nazi war criminals start at the Nuremberg Palace of Justice.
1945 - Francis William Aston dies (b. 1877). British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate.
1946 - Duane Allman was born (d. 1971). American guitarist.
1946 - Greg Cook was born. American football player
1947 - Joe Walsh was born. American musician
1947 - Gutemberg Nery Guarabyra Filho was born. Brazilian singer (Sá e Guarabyra)
1948 - John R. Bolton was born. U.S. Ambassador to the UN
1947 - The Princess Elizabeth marries Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten at Westminster Abbey in London.
1955 - RCA offers a $35,000 contract for Elvis Presley.
1948 - Barbara Hendricks was born. American-born soprano
1949 - Thelma Drake was born. U.S. Congresswoman from Virginia
1950 - Francesco Cilea dies (b. 1866). Italian composer.
1952 - Benedetto Croce dies (b. 1866). Italian philosopher
1951 - David Walters was born. Governor of Oklahoma
1955 - Bo Diddley becomes the first African American performer to appear on The Ed Sullivan Show. Apparently Sullivan was infuriated when Diddley sang his self-titled song instead of Tennessee Ernie Ford's hit, "Sixteen Tons".
1956 - Bo Derek was born. American actress
1957 - Margaret Spellings was born. U.S. Secretary of Education
1959 - Sean Young was born. American actress
1959 - James P. McGovern was born. U.S. Congressman from Massachusetts
1959 - EFTA (European Free Trade Area) is created : Great-Britain, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Austria, Switerzaln and Portugal.
1960 - Cathy Moriarty was born. American actress
1962 - Cuban Missile Crisis ends: In response to the Soviet Union agreeing to remove its missiles from Cuba, US President John F. Kennedy ends the quarantine of the Caribbean nation.
1963 - Timothy Gowers was born. British mathematician
1963 - Ming-Na Wen was born. Macau-born actress
1965 - Mike D was born. American musician (Beastie Boys)
1966 - Kevin Gilbert was born (d. 1966). American musician
1966 - Cabaret opens at the Imperial Theatre, New York
1968 - Vietnam War: Eleven men comprising a Long Range Patrol team from F Company, 58th Infantry, 101st Airborne are surrounded and nearly wiped out by North Vietnamese army regulars from the 4th and 5th Regiment. The seven wounded survivors are rescued after several hours by an impromptu force made of other men from their unit.
1969 - Vietnam War: The Cleveland Plain Dealer publishes explicit photographs of dead villagers from the My Lai massacre in Matt Blunt was born. Governor of Missouri
1970 - Delia Gonzalez was born. American boxer.
1973 - Allan Sherman dies (b. 1924). American comedian.
1974 - The United States Department of Justice files its final anti-trust suit against AT&T. This suit later leads to the break up of AT&T and its Bell System.
1975 - Dierks Bentley wass born. American singer
1975 - Timea Vagvoelgyi was born. Hungarian model
1975 - Francisco Franco dies (b. 1892). Dictator of Spain.
1977 - Konstantinos Karamanlis wins the legislative elections in Greece.
1978 - Vasilisk Gnedov dies (b. 1890). Russian poet.
1978 - Giorgio de Chirico dies (b. 1888). Italian painter.
1980 - John McEwen dies (b. 1900). Eighteenth Prime Minister of Australia
1982 - Andy Kaufman was forever voted off of Saturday Night Live by a live phone poll.
1983 - In the US, an estimated 100 million people watch the controversial made-for-television movie The Day After, depicting the start of a nuclear war.
1987 - Ivone Silva dies (b. 24 Apr 1935). Portuguese actress.
1989 - Velvet Revolution: The number of protestors assembled in Prague, Czechoslovakia swells from 200,000 the day before to an estimated half-million.
1992 - In England, a fire breaks out in the Private Chapel room of Windsor Castle, rages for 15 hours, and seriously damages the northwest side of the building (an investigation found that the fire was ignited after a spotlight came into contact with a curtain over an extended period).
1992 - Xanana Gusmão, comandante das Falintil, forças que lutavam pela independência de Timor-Leste, foi preso por forças militares indonésias.
1993 - Savings and Loan scandal: The United States Senate Ethics Committee issues a stern censure of California senator Alan Cranston for his "dealings" with savings-and-loan executive Charles Keating.
1994 - The Angolan government and UNITA rebels sign the Lusaka Protocol in Zambia, ending 19 years of civil war (in 1995 localized fighting resumed).
1998 - The first module of the International Space Station, Zarya, was launched.
1998 - A court in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan declares accused terrorist Osama bin Laden "a man without a sin" in regards to the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania.
1998 - American tobacco companies signed an agreement with the governments of 46 U.S. states to settle the states' claims for reimbursement of Medicaid funds they had expended to treat smoking-related illnesses, the settlement costing the tobacco manufacturers $206
billion beyond the $40 billion they had agreed to pay four other states in 1997.
2000 - Mike Muuss dies (b. 1958). American computer programmer
2000 - Kalle Päätalo dies (b. 1919). Finnish writer
2000 - Carlos Cardoso is murdered in Maputo. Mozambican journalist, founder and editor of the independent newspaper Metical.
2000 - Louis Eugène Néel dies. French physicist.
2001 - In Washington, DC, US President George W. Bush dedicates the United States Department of Justice headquarters building as the Robert F. Kennedy Justice Building, honoring the late Robert F. Kennedy on what would have been his 76th birthday.
2003 - Several bombs are detonated in Istanbul, Turkey destroying the Turkish head office of HSBC Holdings and the British consulate.
2003 - Michael Jackson is arrested by police on charges of child molestation.
2003 - Robert Addie dies (b. 1960). British actor.
2003 - David Dacko dies (b. 1930). First President of the Central African Republic
2003 - Eugene Kleiner dies (b. 1923). American entrepreneur and venture capitalist
2003 - Roger Short dies (b. 1944). British Consulate General in Istanbul
2003 - Jim Siedow dies (b. 1920). American actor.
2003 - Kerem Yilmazer dies (b. 1945). Turkish actor.
2004 - David Grierson dies (b. 1955). Canadian radio host.
2004 - Celso Furtado dies (b. 1920). Brazilian economist.
Church of England - Edmund the Martyr
Brazil - Zumbi Day (Since 1978)
Britain - wedding day of H.M. the Queen (1947), official flag day
Mexico - Anniversary of the Revolution (1910)
UNICEF - Universal Children's Day
Vietnam - Teacher's Day (Ngày nhà giáo Viêt Nam)
Transgender Day of Remembrance (since 1999)


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