On this day in History - Oct. 19

202 BC - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal.
0439 - The Vandals, led by King Gaiseric, take Carthage in North Africa.
1187 - Pope Urban III dies
1216 - John, King of England (1199-1216) dies at Newark at age 49. He signed the Magna Carta and was excommunicated in 1209. King John was succeeded by his nine-year-old son Henry
1276 - Prince Hisaaki was born (d. 1328). Japanese shogun.
1432 - John de Mowbray dies (b. 1392). 2nd Duke of Norfolk. English politician.
1433 - Marsilio Ficino was born (d. 1499). Italian philosopher.
1453 - The French recapture of Bordeaux brings the Hundred Years War to a close, with the English retaining only Calais on French soil.
1466 - The Thirteen Years' War ended with the Second Treaty of Toruń. Gdansk Pomerania and Prussia as a whole was incorporated into Poland; the Teutonic Knights were allowed to rule its eastern part as Polish vassals.
1469 - Ferdinand II of Aragon wedded Isabella of Castile, a marriage that paved the way to the unification of Aragon and Castile into a single country, Spain.
1512 - Martin Luther becomes a doctor of theology [Doctor in Biblia].
1562 - Archbishop George Abbot was born (d. 1633). Archbishop of Canterbury
1582 - Dmitry Ivanovich was born (d. 1591). Tsarevich
1587 - Francesco I de' Medici dies (b. 1541). Grand Duke of Tuscany.
1605 - Thomas Browne was born (d. 1682). English writer.
1608 - Martin Delrio dies (b. 1551). Flemish theologian and occultist.
1610 - James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde was born (d. 1688). English statesman and soldier.
1636 - Marcin Kazanowski dies. Polish politician
1658 - Adolf Friedrich II of Mecklenburg-Strelitz was born (d. 1704)
1676 - Rodrigo Anes de Sá Almeida e Meneses was born (d. Oct 1733). Portuguese noble, 1st Marquis of Abrantes.
1682 - Thomas Browne dies (b. 1605). English writer.
1688 - William Cheselden was born (d. 1752). English surgeon and anatomist.
1680 - John Abernethy was born (d. 1740). Irish protestant minister.
1722 - French C. Hopffer patented the fire extinguisher.
1723 - Godfrey Kneller dies (b. 1646). German-born painter.
1745 - Jonathan Swift dies (b. 1667). Irish clergyman and writer (Gulliver's Travels)
1781 - Major General Lord Charles Cornwallis surrenders to George Washington and Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau at Yorktown, Virginia, ending the American Revolutionary War.
1784 - John McLoughlin was born (d. 1857). Canadian fur trader.

1788 - Bento Gonçalves é baptizado (terá nascido antes em 23 Sep 1788) (d. 18 Jul 1847). Líder da revolução Farroupilha.
1812 - Napoleon I of France retreats from Moscow.
1813 - The Battle of Leipzig concludes, giving Napoleon Bonaparte one of his worst defeats.
1813 - Józef Antoni Poniatowski dies (b. 1673). Polish prince and Marshal of France.
1833 - Adam Lindsay Gordon was born in Faial, Azores (d. 1870). Australian poet (Sea Spray and Smoke Drift 1867, Bush Ballads and Galloping Rhymes 1870)
1862 - Auguste Lumière was born (d. 10 Apr 1954). French inventor. With his brother Louis, invented and pioneered the manufacturing of photographic equipment. Their film La Sortie des ouvriers de l'usine Lumière ("Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory"), is considered the first motion picture
1864 - Battle of Cedar Creek - Union Army under Philip Sheridan destroys Confederate Army under Jubal Early.
1864 - Confederate raiders launch an attack on Saint Albans, Vermont from Canada.
1868 - A 'Peseta' é estabelecida como moeda espanhola.

1871 - Walter Bradford Cannon was born (d. 1 Oct 1945). American neurologist and physiologist who was the first to use X-rays in physiological studies

1872 - World's largest gold nugget Holtermann's Nugget .The slab (215 kg) was found in New South Wales, Australia.

1873 - Jaap Eden was born (d. 1925). Dutch skater and cyclist.
1873 - Yale, Princeton, Columbia, and Rutgers universities draft the first code of American football rules.
1882 - Umberto Boccioni was born (d. 1916). Italian painter and sculptor.
1885 - Charles Merrill was born (d. 1956). American investment banker.
1889 - King Louis of Portugal (1861-1889) dies (b. 1838). His son D. Carlos is crowned.
1895 - Lewis Mumford was born (d. 1990). American historian.
1899 - Miguel Angel Asturias was born (d. 1974). Guatemalan writer, Nobel Prize laureate in 1967
1907 - Roger Wolfe Kahn was born (d. 1962). American bandleader.
1908 - Geirr Tveitt was born. Norwegian composer
1910 - Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar was born (d. 1995). Indian-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (with William A.Fowler) for formulating the currently accepted theory on the later evolutionary stages of massive stars.
1910 - Jean Genet was born (d. 1986). French author.
1912 - Italy takes possession of Tripoli, Libya from the Ottoman Empire.
1913 - Vinicius de Moraes was born (d. 1980). Brazilian poet and songwriter (A Garota de Ipanema).
1914 - The First Battle of Ypres begins.

1915 - US recognized General Venustiano Carranza (opposing Pancho Villa) as the president of Mexico, and imposed an embargo on the shipment of arms to all Mexican territories except those controlled by Carranza.
1916 - Emil Gilels was born (d. 1994). Ukrainian pianist.

1916 - Jean-Baptiste Gabriel-Joachim Dausset was born. French hematologist and immunologist whose studies of the genetic basis of the immunological reaction earned him a share (with George Snell and Baruj Benacerraf) of the 1980 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.
1917 - Love Field in Dallas, Texas is opened.
1918 - Harold Lockwood dies (b. 1887). American actor.
1921 - Portugal: Movimento revolucionário radical - A Noite Sangrenta - contra o governo de António Granjo, que acaba por assassinar o presidente do governo assim como Machado Santos, Carlos da Maia e outros dirigentes históricos republicanos
1921 - António Manuel Maria Coelho, militar, assume o cargo de primeiro-ministro de Portugal (até 5 Nov 1921).

1922 - Alfredo Dias Gomes was born in Salvador, Bahia (d. 18 May 1999). Brazilian novelist and dramatist.

1926 - Joel Feinberg was born (d. 2004). American moral philosopher.
1926 - Russian Politburo threw out Leon Trotsky and his followers.

1929 - Raul Solnado was born. Portuguese actor.
1931 - John le Carré was born. English novelist “The Spy Who Came in from the Cold,”

1931 - Rubens de Falco was born in São Paulo. Brazilian actor.
1932 - Robert Reed was born (d. 1992). American actor
1933 - Germany withdraws from the League of Nations.

1933 - Dom Geraldo Majella Agnelo nasce em Juiz de Fora-MG. Cardeal da Igreja Católica.
1934 - Glória Menezes was born in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. Brazilian actress
1936 - Lu Xun dies (b. 1881). Chinese writer.
1936 - Álvaro Guerra was born (d. 18 Apr 2002). Portuguese writer and journalist.

1936 - Johnnetta Cole was born. Anthropologist and educator who was the first African-American woman president of Spelman College, in Atlanta, the oldest, private, liberal arts college for black women in the U.S. (1988).
1937 - Ernest Rutherford dies (b. 1871). 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, New Zealand physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908
1937 - Peter Max was born. American artist
1940 - Michael Gambon was born. Irish actor
1941 - Carlos Malheiro Dias dies in Lisbon (b. 1875). Portuguese writer.
1942 - Andrew Vachss was born. American author and attorney
1943 - Streptomycin, the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis, is isolated by researchers at Rutgers University.
1943 - Camille Claudel dies (b. 1864). French sculptor.
1944 - United States forces land in the Philippines.
1944 - Peter Tosh was born. Jamaican musician
1945 - Divine was born ( d. 1988). American actor.
1945 - John Lithgow was born. American actor
1945 - Plutarco Elías Calles dies (b. 1877). President of México (1924-1928)
1946 - Philip Pullman was born.English writer
1947 - Giorgio Cavazzano was born. Comics artist and illustrator.
1950 - Edna St. Vincent Millay dies (b. 1892). American poet.

1950 - United Nations forces entered the North Korean capital of Pyongyang.
1951 - Patricia Ireland was born. President of the National Organization for Women
1954 - First ascent of Cho Oyu
1956 - Carlo Urbani was born (d. 2003). Italian physician.
1956 - Isham Jones dies (b. 1894). American musician.
1956 - Dario Pereyra was born. Uruguayan football (soccer) player
1960 - Mauretania gains independence from France.
1961 - Sergio Osmeña dies (b. 9 Set 1878). President of Philipines (1944-1946)
1962 - Evander Holyfield was born. American boxer
1965 - Ty Pennington, American television carpenter
1966 - Jon Favreau was born. American actor, writer, director

1968 - Helena Fernandes was born in Rio de Janeiro. Brazilian actress.
1969 - Trey Parker was born. American cartoonist, comedian, writer, and actor
1970 - Lázaro Cardenas dies. President of Mexico and Minister of Defense
1971 - Alberto Pirelli dies (b. 28 Apr 1882). Italian industrialist
1972 - Pras was born. American musician.
1973 - President Richard Nixon rejects an Appeals Court demand to turn over the Watergate tapes.
1973 - Walt Kelly dies (b. 1913). American cartoonist.
1976 - Michael Young was born. Baseball player.

1978 - Morte de 917 pessoas em Joneston, na Guiana, num suicídio coletivo liderado pelo fanático Jin Jones.

1981 - Lindsey E. Vuolo was born in Princeton, New Jersey. Playboy Playmate of the Month November 2001
1982 - John De Lorean is arrested for trafficking in cocaine.
1983 - Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada, is overthrown and executed in a military coup d'état led by Bernard Coard.
1983 - Maurice Bishop dies (b. 1944). Prime Minister of Grenada
1984 - No Porto, estreia do filme de António Pedro Vasconcelos O Lugar do Morto, que conta com a participação de Ana Zanatti e do jornalista Pedro de Oliveira.
1985 - The first Blockbuster Video store opens in Dallas, Texas.
1986 - Samora Machel, President of Mozambique (1975-1986) and a prominent leader of FRELIMO, and 33 others died when their Tupolev 134 plane crashed into the Lebombo Mountains.
1987 - In retaliation for Iranian attacks on ships in the Persian Gulf, the U.S. Navy disables three of Iran's offshore oil platforms.
1987 - (Black Monday) Dow Jones Industrial Average falls by 22%.
1987 - Em Paris, no Petit Palais, inauguração, por Mário Soares, da exposição de pintura e escultura oitocentista portuguesa.
1987 - Jacqueline Du Pré dies (b. 1945). English cellist.
1988 - Son House dies (b. 1902). American musician.

1988 - Three West Germans were named winners of the Nobel Prize in chemistry; three Americans received the Nobel Prize in physics.
1989 - Guildford Four convictions are quashed by the Court of Appeal - they had spent 15 years in prison through a miscarriage of justice.

1989 - Camilo Jose Cela of Spain received the Nobel Prize for literature.

1992 - Maurice le Roux dies (b. 6 Feb 1923). French conductor and composer (Contes immoraux).

1992 - Arthur Wint dies (b. 1920). Jamaican runner.

1993 - Benazir Bhutto was returned to the premiership of Pakistan.
1994 - Martha Raye dies (b. 1916). American comedienne and actress.
1994 - New Zealand's Goodnight Kiwi says good night for the last time.

1994 - A Palestinian suicide bomber killed 22 Israelis and wounded 48 in a bus explosion in the heart of Tel Aviv's shopping district. Hamas took responsibility.

1997 - In Montenegro Milo Djukanovic beat pro-Milosevic incumbent Momir Bulatovic for the presidency.

1997 - Pilar Miro dies in madrid. Spanish film director. Her films included “Beltenebros,” “Gary Cooper Is in Heaven,” “Bird of Happiness,” “The Dog in the Manger,” and the 1979 expose “The Cuenca Crime.”
1998 - Arlindo Chenda Pena dies. Angolan militar and nephew of Jonas Savimbi.
1998 - Joan Hickson dies. British actress.
1999 - Micronésia passa a ser membro da UNESCO

1999 - In East Timor refugees were returning at the rate of 500 per hour and 17,000 were expected by the end of the day.

2000 - In East Timor Jose Ramos-Horta, Nobel Peace laureate, was sworn in as the foreign minister.
2001 - SIEV-X sinks en route to Christmas Island
2003 - Mother Teresa is beatified by Pope John Paul II.
2003 - Faith Fancher dies (b. 1950). American television journalist and activist.
2003 - Alija Izetbegovic dies in Sarajevo (b. 1925). President of Bosnia-Herzegovina.
2003 - Margaret Murie dies (b. 1902). American conservationist.

2003 - In Chechnya Akhmad Kadyrov was inaugurated as president.
2004 - Myanmar prime minister Khin Nyunt is ousted and placed under house arrest by the Thai government on charges of corruption.
2005 - GameFly begins shipping Shattered Union for the Xbox
2005 - Trial of Saddam Hussein begins
Roman Empire - Armilustrium in honor of Mars
Niue - Constitution Day in honour of the country's independence (self-governing in free association with New Zealand) in 1974.
Mother Teresa Day in Albania.