On this day in History - Oct. 15

70 BC - Virgil was born (d. 19 BC). Roman poet (The Aeneid).
0533 - Byzantine general Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Vandals.

0898 - Death of St. Euthymius the Younger.

0961 - Abd ar-Rahman III, 1st caliph of Umayyad dynasty of Spain, dies.
1002 - Otto-Henry, Duke of Burgundy dies (b. 0946)

1385 - Batalha de Valverde entre os exércitos português e castelhano.
1389 - Pope Urban VI dies (b. 1318).

1417 - Pope Gregory XII resigns from office.
1471 - Konrad Mutian was born (d. 1526). German humanist.
1552 - Khanate of Kazan is conquered by troops of Ivan Grozny.
1564 - Vesalius dies (b. 1514). Flemish anatomist.

1582 - Death of St. Theresa of Avila.
1582 - Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian Calendar. In Italy, Poland, Portugal, and Spain, October 4 of this year is followed directly by October 15.

1590 - Election of Pope Urban VII.
1608 - Evangelista Torricelli was born (d. 1647). Italian physicist and mathematician. Inventor of the barometer.
1686 - Allan Ramsay was born (d. 1758). Scottish poet.
1701 - Marie-Marguerite d'Youville was born (d. 1771). Canadian saint.
1715 - Humphry Ditton dies (b. 1675). English mathematician.
1730 - Antoine Laumet de La Mothe, sieur de Cadillac, dies (b. 1658). French explorer.

1755 - Nascimento de Dr. Bernardo Peres da Silva. Prefeito do Estado Português na Índia em 1834.
1764 - Edward Gibbon observes a group of friars singing in the ruined Temple of Jupiter in Rome, which inspires him to begin work on The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

1785 - José Miguel Carrera was born. Chilean militar and politician.

1802 - Louis-Eugène Cavaignac was born (d. 1857). BFrench general and Governator of Algerie
1811 - Sir Nathaniel Dance-Holland dies (b. 1735). English painter.
1814 - Mikhail Lermontov was born (d. 1841). Russian author
1815 - Napoleon I of France begins his exile on St. Helena in the Atlantic Ocean.

1817 - Tadeusz Kosciuszko was born. Polish national heroe.
1820 - Karl Philipp Fürst zu Schwarzenberg dies (b. 1771). Austrian field marshal.
1829 - Asaph Hall was born (d. 1907). American astronomer
1836 - James Tissot was born (d. 1902). French artist.
1844 - Friedrich Nietzsche was born (d. 1900). German philosopher (The Birth of Tragedy, Thoughts out of Season, Human, All Too Human, Thus Spake Zarathustra, Beyond Good and Evil, On the Genealogy of Morals, Twilight of the Idols, The Antichrist)

1858 - John L. Sullivan was born (d. 1918). American boxer. World Heavyweight champion [1881-1889].
1863 - American Civil War: The first successful submarine, the CSS Hunley sinks during a test, killing its inventor.

1874 - Academia Ecuatoriana de la Lengua is established
1878 - The Edison Electric Company begins operation.

1879 - Tomás Meabe was born. Spanish politician and writer.
1880 - Mexican soldiers kill Victorio, one of the greatest Apache military strategists.
1880 - Victorio dies. Apache leader
1881 - P. G. Wodehouse was born (d. 1975). British novelist.
1883 - The Supreme Court of the United States declares part of the Civil Rights Act of 1875 to be unconstitutional.
1891- Gilbert Arthur a Beckett dies (b. 1837). English writer.
1894 - Alfred Dreyfus is arrested for spying - Dreyfus affair begins.
1894 - Moshe Sharett was born (d. 1965). Second Prime Minister of Israel

1896 - Celestin Freinet was born. French educator.
1898 - Boughera El Ouafi was born (d. 1951). Algerian athlete.
1900 - Mervyn LeRoy was born (d. 1987). American film director.
1900 - Zdeněk Fibich dies (b. 1850). Czech composer.

1901 - Enrique Jardiel Poncela was born. Spanish writer.
1904 - The Russian Baltic Fleet leaves Reval, Estonia for Port Arthur during the Russo-Japanese War.
1905 - C. P. Snow was born (d. 1980). British writer.
1906 - Hiram Leong Fong was born (d. 2004). American politician.
1907 - Varian Fry was born (d. 1987). American journalist and rescuer.
1908 - John Kenneth Galbraith was born. Canadian economist .

1908 - José Maria Nicolau was born (d. 1969). Portuguese cyclist.
1909 - Robert Trout was born (d. 2000). American reporter.

1911 - Manuel da Fonseca was born in Santiago de Cacém (d. 1993). Portuguese writer.

1915 - Antônio Houaiss was born (d. 1999). Brazilian writer, diplomat, lexicographer and essayst.
1917 - Arthur Schlesinger Jr. was born. American political commentator and author. Pulitzer Prize-winning author/historian (The Age of Jackson [1946 prize in history], A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House [1966 prize in biography]; The Age of Roosevelt, The Imperial Presidency, Robert F. Kennedy and His Times)
1917 - Jan Miner was born (d. 2004). American actress
1917- World War I: At Vincennes outside of Paris, Dutch dancer Mata Hari is executed by firing squad for spying for Germany.
1917 - Mata Hari dies (b. 1876) Dutch exotic dancer and spy
1920 - Mario Puzo was born (d. 1999). American novelist ( The Godfather, Fourth K. ).

1921 - É publicado o primeiro número da revista Seara Nova, na qual participam, entre outros, Aquilino Ribeiro, Raul Brandão, Raul Proença e Jaime Cortesão.

1922 - Alfons Figueras was born. Spanish short-story writer.

1922 - Agustina Bessa-Luís was born in Vila Meã, Amarante. Portuguese writer. 2004 Camões Prize awarded

1923 - Italo Calvino was born (d. 1985). Italian writer.
1924 - Lee Iacocca was born. American industrialist
1924 - Mark Lenard was born (d. 1996). American actor.
1926 - Michel Foucault was born (d. 1984). French philosopher.
1926 - Evan Hunter was born (d. 2005). American author.
1926 - Jean Peters was born (d. 2000). American actress.
1926 - Karl Richter was born (d. 1981). German conductor.
1930 - FM-2030 was born (d. 2000). Philosopher.
1931- Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born. President of India
1932 - Tata Airlines (later to become Air India) makes its first flight.

1937 - Linda Lavin was born. Tony Award-winning actress: Broadway Bound [1987]; Alice, Barney Miller, Room for Two
1935 - Bobby Joe Morrow was born. American athlete
1937 - Barry McGuire was born. American singer
1939 - The New York Municipal Airport (later renamed La Guardia Airport) is dedicated.
1940 - The Great Dictator, a satiric social commentary film by and starring Charlie Chaplin, is released.

1940 - Peter C. Doherty was born. Australian teacher. 1996 Nobel Prize for Medicine laureate
1942 - Penny Marshall was born. American actress, comedienne, and director
1944 - Sali Berisha was bnorn. Incoming Albanian Prime Minister and former president of Albania
1945 - Jim Palmer ewas born. Baseball player
1945 - World War II: Former premier of Vichy France, Pierre Laval, is executed by firing squad for treason.
1945 - Pierre Laval dies (b. 1883). Premier of Vichy France.
1946 - Hermann Göring dies (b. 1893). German air force commander.
1946 - Nuremberg Trials: Founder of the Gestapo and recently convicted Nazi war criminal, Hermann Göring, poisons himself hours before his scheduled execution.
1946 - Richard Carpenter was born. American singer, pianist, composer (Carpenters)

1948 - Chris De Burgh (Christopher John Davidson) was born. Singer, songwriter: The Lady in Red, A Spaceman Came Travelling, Ship to Shore, Don’t Pay the Ferryman, High on Emotion, The Ecstacy of Flight [I Love the Night], Transmission Ends ...).
1951 - Television sitcom I Love Lucy premieres.

1951 - Is published the book of Eva Duarte Péron, La razón de mi vida.
1953 - British nuclear test Totem 1 detonated at Emu Field, South Australia.
1953 - Tito Jackson was born. American musician (The Jackson 5).

1954 - Tanya Roberts (Leigh) was born. Actress: Charlie’s Angels, Deep Down, Sins of Desire, Body Slam, A View to a Kill, Tourist Trap, California Dreaming, Forced Entry
1954 - Peter Bakowski was born. Australian poet
1957 - Mira Nair was born. Indian director
1959 - Sarah Ferguson was born. Duchess of York
1959 - Emeril Lagasse was born. American chef
1959 - Todd Solondz was born. American film director
1960 - Clara Kimball Young dies (b. 1890). American actress.
1962 - Cuban Missile Crisis: A stand-off ensues between the United States and the Soviet Union over Soviet nuclear weapons in Cuba.
1964 - Roberto Vittori was born. Italian astronaut
1964 - Cole Porter dies (b. 1891). American composer.
1965 - Vietnam War: The National Coordinating Committee to End the War in Vietnam stages the first public burning of a draft card in the United States.

1965 - Denise Fraga was born in Rio de Janeiro. Brazilian actress.
1966 - US President Lyndon B. Johnson signs a bill creating the United States Department of Transportation.
1969 - Vietnam War: Hundreds of thousands of people take part in National Moratorium antiwar demonstrations across the United States.
1969 - Vanessa Marcil was born. American actress.

1969 - Vítor Baía was born. Portuguese football player (FC Porto's goalkeeper).
1970 - Eric Benét was born. American singer
1970 - Thirty-five construction workers are killed when a section of the new West Gate Bridge in Melbourne collapses.
1972 - Sandra Kim was born. Belgian singer
1975 - Ginuwine was born. American singer.

1977 - David Trezeguet was born in Rouen. French football player ( Juventus)

1978 - João Figueiredo is elected President of Brazil

1980 - Inauguração do Centro Português de Cultura de Viena de Áustria, fundado e dirigido por António Victorino d' Almeida.
1981 - Elena Dementieva was born. Russian tennis player
1981 - Guo Jingjing was born. Chinese diver, 2004 Olympic 3M Diving Champion
1981 - Professional cheerleader Krazy George Henderson leads what is thought to be the first audience wave in Oakland, California.
1987 - The Great Storm of 1987 hits France and England.
1988 - Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji dies (b. 1892). English composer and pianist.
1989 - Wayne Gretzky becomes the all time leading points scorer in the NHL.
1990 - Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to lessen Cold War tensions and open up his nation.
1991 - Following a bitter confirmation hearing that involved allegations of sexual misconduct, the United States Senate votes to confirm Judge Clarence Thomas to the Supreme Court of the United States.

1991 - Teresa Roby, actriz portuguesa, é distinguida como a melhor intérprete feminina, no Festival de Cinema de Dunquerque, pela sua actuação no filme de Teresa Villaverde A Idade Maior.
1992 - In Russia, Andrei Chikatilo is found guilty of 52 serial murders.

1993 - African National Congress leader Nelson (Rolihlahla) Mandela and South African President F.W. (Frederik Willem) de Klerk were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts to usher in reforms that 1) ended South Africa’s era of white minority rule and 2) laid the foundations for democracy.
1995 - Saddam Hussein gains 99.96% of votes in Iraq's presidential elections.
1997 - The first supersonic land speed record is set by the ThrustSSC team from the United Kingdom.
1997 - The Cassini probe launches from Cape Canaveral on its way to Saturn.
2000 - Konrad Emil Bloch dies (b. 1912). German-born biochemist.
2001 - Zhang Xueliang dies (b. 1901). Chinese warlord .
2001 - NASA's Galileo spacecraft passes within 112 miles of Jupiter's moon Io.
2003 - China launches Shenzhou 5, their first manned space mission.
2003 - Ilham Aliyev becomes President of Azerbaijan succeeding his father
Heydar Aliyev.
2003 - Bertram N. Brockhouse dies (b. 1918). Canadian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.
2003 - Ben Metcalfe dies (b. 1919). Canadian environmental activist.
United States - White Cane Safety Day
United States - National Grouch Day
United States - Pregnancy and Infant Loss Awareness Day

Dia do PROFESSOR (Brasil)