On this day in History - Oct. 12

0632 - Edwin of Deira dies. King of Northumbria and Bretwalda
0638 - Pope Honorius I dies. Pope Severinus elected
0642 - Pope John IV dies
1008 - Emperor Go-Ichijō was born (d. 1036). Emperor of Japan.
1095 - Leopold II of Austria dies (b. 1050)
1359 - Dmitry Donskoy was born (d. 1389). Grand Prince of Moscovia and Prince of Vladimir
1490 - Bernardo Pisano was born (d. 1548). Italian composer.
1491 - Fritz Herlen dies. German artist
1492 - Christopher Columbus's expedition, sailing for Spain’s Queen Isabel, makes landfall in the Caribbean. The explorer believes he has reached East Asia
1492 - Piero della Francesca dies. Italian painter
1537 - King Edward VI of England was born (d. 1553)
1558 - Archduke Maximilian III of Austria was born (d. 1618)
1565 - Jean Ribault dies (b. 1520). French explorer and colonizer
1576 - Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor dies (b. 1527). Rudolf II, the king of Hungary and Bohemia, succeeded his father, Maximillian II, as Holy Roman Emperor.
1576 - Thomas Dudley was born (d. 1653). Massachusetts colonial magistrate
1582 - Due to the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
1590 - Kano Eitoku dies (b. 1543). Japanese painter.
1600 - Luis Molina dies (b. 1535). Spanish Jesuit
1602 - William Chillingworth was born (d. 1644). English churchman
1609 - "Three Blind Mice" published by London teenage songwriter Thomas Ravenscroft
1632 - Kutsuki Mototsuna dies (b. 1549). Japanese samurai commander
1646 - François de Bassompierre dies (b. 1579). Marshal of France
1654 - The Delft Explosion devastates the city in the Netherlands, killing more than 100.
1678 - Edmund Berry Godfrey dies (b. 1621). English magistrate.
1679 - William Gurnall dies (b. 1617).English writer
1681 - A London woman is publicly flogged for the crime of "involving herself in politics"
1685 - Christoph Ignaz Abele dies (b. 1628). Austrian jurist
1692 - Giovanni Battista Vitali dies. Italian violinist and composer.
1730 - King Frederick IV of Denmark dies (b. 1671)
1746 - Lobo de Mesquita (José Joaquim Emerico Lobo de Mesquita) was born in Vila do Príncipe, Minas Gerais (d. 1805). Brazilian composer.
1758 - Richard Molesworth, 3rd Viscount Molesworth dies (b. 1680). British field marshal.
1773 - America's first insane asylum opens for 'Persons of Insane and Disordered Minds' in Virginia
1792 - First celebration of Columbus Day in the USA held in New York / The first monument honoring Christopher Columbus was dedicated in Baltimore.
1792 - Christian Gottlob Gmelin was born (d. 1860). German chemist.
1793 - The cornerstone of Old East, the oldest state university building in the United States, is laid on the campus of the University of North Carolina
1798 - Emperor Pedro I of Brazil (Pedro IV of Portugal) was born.
1801 - Friedrich Frey-Herosé was born (d. 1873). Swiss Federal Councilor.
1808 - D. João VI funda o Banco do Brasil
1810 - First Oktoberfest: The Bavarian royalty invites the citizens of Munich to join the celebration of the marriage of Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria to Princess Therese von Sachsen-Hildburghausen.
1810 - Nísia Floresta was born (d. 1885). Brazilian writer and poetess
1822 - O Brasil oficialmente declara a sua independência de Portugal. Pedro I do Brasil é proclamado Imperador do Brasil.
1825 - Franz Joseph Müller von Reichenstein dies (b. 1740 or 1742). Austrian minerologist who
discovered tellurium.
1831 - Álvares de Azevedo (Manuel Antônio Álvares de Azevedo) was born in São Paulo. Brazilian poet.
1835 - Diogo Feijó assume a regência do Império do Brasil
1840 - Helena Modrzejewska was born (d. 1909). Polish-American actress.
1845 - Elizabeth Fry dies (b. 1780). British social reformer and philanthropist.
1847 - Ernst Werner von Siemens funda empresa de eletrônica que leva seu sobrenome
1850 - Pedro de Sousa Holstein dies (b. 1781). Portuguese militar and politician.
1855 - Arthur Nikisch was born. Hungary conductor and violinist
1859 - Self-described "Emperor of the United States" Joshua A. Norton 'orders' the U.S. Congress to dissolve
1860 - Elmer Sperry was born (d. 1930). American inventor.
1862 - Bartolomé Mitre assume a presidência da Argentina
1862 - Casamento de D. Luís I de Portugal com Dona Maria Pia de Sabóia
1865 - Arthur Harden was born (d. 1940). English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate.
1866 - Ramsay MacDonald was born (d. 1937). Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
1868 - Domingo Faustino Sarmiento toma posse como presidente da Argentina
1870 - Robert E. Lee dies (b. 1807). American Confederate general
1872 - Ralph Vaughan Williams was born (d. 1958). English composer
1874 - Nicolás Avellaneda assume a presidência da Argentina
1875 - Aleister Crowley was born (d. 1947). English occultist and author.
1880 - Julio A. Roca assume a presidência da Argentina
1888 - Nascimento, em Gouveia, de Abel Manta (m.1982) . Pintor português.
1890 - Nascimento, em Lisboa, de Luís de Freitas Branco (m. 1955). Compositor português (Paraísos Artificiais, Vathek)
1891 - Edith Stein was born (d. 1942). German religious canonized in 1998.
1892 - To mark 400 anniversary Columbus Day holiday, the Pledge of Allegiance was first recited in unison by students in US public schools
1896 - Eugenio Montale was born (d. 1981). Italian poet.
1898 - Calvin Fairbank dies (b. 1816).American abolitionist minister
1901 - Santos Dumont, com seu Balão nº 6, dá a volta em torno da Torre Eiffel, percorrendo 11 quilômetros
1904 - Ding Ling was born (d. 1986). Chinese writer.
1905 - Joseph Kosma was born († 1969). Hungary-born French composer
1906 - Joe Cronin was born (d. 1984). Baseball player.
1908 - Ann Petry was born (d. 1997). American novelist.
1909 - Coritiba Foot Ball Club is founded.
1912 - Alice Childress is born in Charleston, South Carolina (d. 1994).. Actress, playright and novelist
1913 - Fundação do Club Atlético Talleres - Argentina
1915 - World War I: British nurse Edith Cavell is executed by a German firing squad for helping Allied soldiers escape from Belgium
1915 - Edith Cavell dies (b. 1865). English nurse
1918 - Francisco Javier Sáenz de Oíza was born. Spanish architect.
1919 - Doris Miller was born (d. 1943). African American cook in the United States Navy
1923 - Jean Nidetch was born. Founder of Weight Watchers
1923 - Fernando Sabino was born (d. 11 Oct 2004). Brazilian writer and journalist.
1923 - É estabelecida a Academia Costarricense de la Lengua.
1924 - Doris Grau was born (d. 1995). American actress
1924 - Anatole France dies (b. 1844). French author, Nobel Prize laureate in 1921
1924 - Fundação da Asociación Colombiana de Fútbol
1926 - Cesar Pelli was born. American architect.
1927 - É estabelecida a Academia Dominicana de la Lengua.
1928 - An iron lung respirator is used for the first time at Children's Hospital, Boston
1928 - Nasce, em Lisboa, João Rui de Sousa. Poeta português. Fundou a revista "Cassiopeia". É autor, entre outros, de Sonetos de Cogitação e Êxtase
1931 - Inauguração do Monumento do Cristo Redentor no Rio de Janeiro (Brasil).
1932 - Dick Gregory was born. American comedian and civil rights activist
1933 - The United States Army Disciplinary Barracks on Alcatraz Island, is acquired by the United States Department of Justice
1935 - Luciano Pavarotti was born. Emmy Award-winning opera star (tenor)
1938 - Filming starts on The Wizard of Oz
1939 - Fulvio Stefanini was born in São Paulo. Brazilian TV star. Actor.
1940 - Tom Mix dies (b. 1880). American actor
1942 - Victória dos Americanos sobre os Japoneses em Guadalcanal
1942 - Melvin Franklin was born. Musician (The Temptations)
1943 - Segunda Guerra Mundial: Portugal divulga assinatura do Acordo Luso-Britânico que concede ao Reino Unido instalações militares nos Açores
1943 - Nasce Vítor Constâncio, economista e político português.
1944 - Angela Rippon was born. British television personality
1946 - Perú: Se inaugura el Estadio Mansiche de Trujillo.
1946 - Joseph Stilwell dies (b. 1883). U.S. general
1948 - Rick Parfitt was born. Musician (Status Quo)
1950 - Susan Anton was born. American actress
1950 - Kaga Takeshi was born. Japanese actor
1953 - Serge Lepeltier was born. French politician
1953 - Les Dennis was born. British comedian and television presenter
1953 - The Caine Mutiny Court Martial opens at Plymouth Theatre, New York
1954 - George Welch dies (b. 1918). American pilot
1955 - Ante Gotovina was born. Croatian general
1957 - Lester B. Pearson received The Nobel Peace Prize
1957 - Sérgio Malandro was born in Rio de Janeiro. Brazilian comedian.
1957 - Nasce, em Valbom, concelho de Gondomar, Fernando Semana. Economista e fiscalista português.
1960 - Cold War: Nikita Khrushchev pounds his shoe on a table at a General Assembly of the United Nations meeting to protest discussion of Soviet Union policy toward Eastern Europe
1960 - Piero Taruffi was born. Race car driver.
1962 - Infamous Columbus Day Storm strikes the U.S. Pacific Northwest with record wind velocities; 46 dead and at least U.S. $230 million in damages.
1963 - Arturo Umberto Illia assume a presidência da Argentina
1964 - Leonid Brejnev substituí Nikita Khrushchev como secretário geral do Partido Comunista da União Soviética
1964 - The Soviet Union launches the Voskhod 1 into Earth orbit as the first spacecraft with a multi-person crew and the first flight without space suits
1964 - Golpe de Estado contra o General Nguyen Khanh no Vietname do Sul sendo o poder tomado pelos militares
1965 - Paul Hermann Müller dies (b. 1899). Swiss chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
1966 - René Lacoste dies (b. 1904). French tennis player.
1966 - Wim Jonk was born. Dutch soccer star, Ajax
1966 - Roberto Néstor Sensini was born. Argentine football player.
1966 - Golpe militar de 1964: 6 deputados do MDB são cassados
1967 - Vietnam War: US Secretary of State Dean Rusk states during a news conference that proposals by the U.S. Congress for peace initiatives were futile because of North Vietnam's opposition
1968 - 1968 (XIX) Summer Olympics open in Mexico City, Mexico
1968 - Equatorial Guinea becomes independent from Spain
1968 - Anos de Chumbo: polícia invade congresso da UNE em Ibiúna e prende 1.240 estudantes, dentre estes, o líder da União Estadual de Estudantes de Minas Gerais José Dirceu
1968 - Hugh Jackman was born. Australian actor and singer
1968 - Adam Rich was born. American actor
1969 - Martie Maguire was born. American musician (Dixie Chicks)
1969 - Sonja Henie dies (b. 1912). Norwegian figure skater.
1970 - Kirk Cameron was born. American actor
1970 - Vietnam War: US President Richard Nixon announces that the United States will withdraw 40,000 more troops before Christmas
1970 - Tanyon Sturtze was born. Baseball player
1971 -"Jesus Christ Superstar" opens at Mark Hellinger New York City for 711 performances
1971 - Fundação do Madureira Esporte Clube
1971 - Cláudia Abreu was born. Brazilian actress.
1971 - Dean Acheson dies (b. 1893). U.S. Secretary of State.
1971 - Gene Vincent dies (b. 1935). American musician.
1972 - En route to her station in the Gulf of Tonkin, a racial brawl involving more than 100 sailors breaks out aboard the United States Navy aircraft carrier USS Kitty Hawk
1973 - Jaume d'Urgell was born. Spanish writer.
1973 - Juan Peron was elected again President of Argentina
1974 - Stephen Lee was born. English snooker player
1975 - Marion Jones was born. American athlete
1975 - Karmyn Tyler was born in Shreveport Louisiana. Miss America-Louisiana 1996
1976 - Sarah Lane was born. American television personality
1976 - The People's Republic of China announces that Hua Guofeng is the successor to the late Mao Tse-tung as chairman of Communist Party of China
1977 - Jordan Pundik was born. American singer (New Found Glory)
1977 - Carmen Carrillo Vilanova was born. Miss El Salvador Universe 1997
1982 - Molly Bennett was born. Irish folk singer
1983 - Japan's ex Prime Minister Tanaka Kakuei is found guilty of taking a $2 million bribe from Lockheed and is sentenced to 4 years in jail
1984 - Brighton hotel bombing: Margaret Thatcher survives an IRA bomb, which shredded her bathroom barely two minutes after she had left it
1984 - Sir Anthony Berry dies (b. 1925). British politician (bombing victim)
1985 - Johnny Olson dies (b. 1910). American game show announcer
1986 - Morre o poeta Ruy Cinatti (n. em Londres, 08 Mar 1915), cuja ascendência era portuguesa e italiana (Meditação).
1987 - Oscar Arias (Costa Rican President) wins Nobel Peace Prize
1987 - Alf Landon dies (b. 1887). Governor of Kansas
1987 - Fahri Koruturk dies (b. 1903). President of Turkey
1988 - two officers of the Victoria Police are gunned down executional style in the Walsh Street police shootings, Australia
1991 - Askar Akayev, previously chosen President of Kyrgyzstan by republic's Supreme Soviet, is confirmed president in an uncontested poll.
1991 - Steven Spielberg weds Kate Capshaw
1992 - Ulysses Guimarães dies in accident (b. 1916). Brazilian politician.
1992 - Mário de Carvalho vence a 1ª. Edição do Grande Prémio de XConto da Associação Portuguesa de Escritores, com "Quatrocentos mil Sestércios seguido do Conde de Jano"
1992 - Expo '92 closes in Seville Spain.
1993 - O Prémio Nobel da Economia é atribuído a Robert W. Foggel e Douglas C. North.
1993 - Leon Ames dies (b. 1902). American actor.
1993 - Tofik Bakhramov dies (b. 1926). Russian footballer.
1994 - NASA loses radio contact with the Magellan spacecraft as the probe descends into the thick atmosphere of Venus (the spacecraft presumably burned up in the atmosphere either October 13 or October 14)
1994 - Jean-Bertrand Aristide assume (pela 3º vez) a presidência do Haiti
1994 - American Clifford G. Shull and Canadian Bertram N. Brockhouse won the Nobel physics prize; American George A. Olah won the Nobel chemistry prize.
1995 - Descoberto o primeiro planeta de uma estrela que não o Sol: 51 Pegasi b
1997 - Sidi Daoud massacre in Algeria; 43 killed at a fake roadblock
1997 - John Denver dies when an amateur-built airplane that he was piloting, crashed into Monterey Bay, California (b. 1943). American singer/songwriter
1998 - The Nobel Prize in medicine was awarded to 3 Americans, Robert F. Furchgott (82), Louis Ignarro (57) and Ferid Murad (62), for their work on nitric oxide gas in biochemical functions in the human body.
1998 - U.S. Congress passes Digital Millennium Copyright Act
1999 - Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif tries to dismiss Army Chief General Pervez Musharraf, who is returning to Pakistan from abroad in a commercial airliner. Sharif orders the Karachi airport to not allow the plane to land. Army leaders refuse to accept the dismissal and, in a coup, oust Sharif's administration and take over the airport. The plane lands with only a few minutes of fuel to spare, and Musharraf assumes control of the country.
1999 - Wilt Chamberlain dies (b. 1936). American basketball player
2000 - Igor Correa Luna dies. Violoncelist and conductor
2000 - In Aden, Yemen, the USS Cole is badly damaged by two suicide bombers, killing 17 crewmembers and wounding at least 39
2000 - Gao Xingjian, Chinese-born French author receives the Nobel Prize for Literature
2001 - War on Terrorism: Prompted by a request by US President George W. Bush, an episode of America's Most Wanted aired featuring 22 most wanted terrorists
2001 - Kofi Annan, Sec. Gen. of the UN, and the UN itself won the Nobel Peace Prize.
2001 - Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone dies (b. 1907). British politician
2002 - Ray Conniff dies (b. 1916). American bandleader and musician
2002 - Audrey Mestre dies (b. 1974). French diver.
2002 - Bali bombing: In Bali, terrorists detonate bombs in two nightclubs in Kuta, killing 202 and wounding over 300
2003 - Belarus mental hospital fire: Thirty patients die in a mental hospital fire in Randilovshchina, Belarus
2003 - Michael Schumacher clinches his 6th Formula One championship, an all-time record
2003 - Jim Cairns dies (b. 1914). Australian politician
2003 - Joan Kroc dies (b. 1928), American philanthropist
2003 - Willie Shoemaker dies (b. 1931). American jockey
2005 - The second Chinese human spaceflight Shenzhou 6 is scheduled to carry two astronauts for five days in orbit.
Hispanic Day, the National Day of Spain.
Columbus Day (traditionally) - United States.
El Dia de la Raza - Latin America.
Malawi - Mother's Day
Judaism - Yom Kippur begins at sunset (2005)
Dussehra (Hinduism, 2005)
Comemora-se no Brasil, o Dia da Criança
Bolivia : Festa da Virgem do Rosário em Cochabamba.