On this day in History - Aug 19

0014 - Augustus dies. Roman emperor
1186 - Geoffrey Plantagenet dies. Duke of Brittany, stamped by a horse in a tournament
1245 - Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence dies (b. 1195)
1398 - Marqués de Santillana was born (d. 1458). Spanish poet.

1458 - Início do pontificado do Papa Pio II
1493 - Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor dies
1561 - Queen Mary Stuart returns to Scotland.
1580 - Andrea Palladio dies. Italian architect
1621 - Gerbrand van den Eeckhout was born (d. 1674). Dutch painter.
1631 - John Dryden was born (d. 1700). English poet.
1646 - John Flamsteed was born (d. 1719). English astronomer who established the Greenwich Observatory, as one of a group of scientists who convinced King Charles II to build a national observatory
1662 - Blaise Pascal dies (b. 19 Jun 1623). French mathematician, physicist, and religious philosopher He laid the foundation for the modern theory of probabilities
1686 - Eustace Budgell was born (d. 1737). English writer.
1686 - Nicola Porpora was born (d. 1768). Italian composer.
1689 - Samuel Richardson was born (d. 1761). English writer.
1692 - Salem Witch Trials: In Salem, Massachusetts five women and a clergyman are executed after being convicted of witchcraft.
1743 - Madame du Barry was born (d. 1793). French courtesan.
1753 - Balthasar Neumann dies (b. 1687). German architect.
1782 - Battle of Blue Licks: the last major battle of the American Revolutionary War, almost ten months after the surrender of the British commander Lord Cornwallis following the Battle of Yorktown.
1812 - War of 1812: American frigate USS Constitution defeats the British frigate HMS Guerrière off the coast of Nova Scotia. The British shot is said to have bounced off the Constitution's sides, earning her the nickname "Old Ironsides".
1813 - Gervasio Antonio de Posadas joins Argentina's second triumvirate.
1819 - James Watt dies (b. 1736). Scottish inventor
1839 - Presentation of Jacque Daguerre's new photographic process to the French Academy of Sciences.
1848 - California Gold Rush: The New York Herald breaks the news to the East Coast of the United States, that there is a gold rush in California (although the rush started in January).

1849 - Nasce Joaquim (Aurélio Barreto) Nabuco (de Araújo) (m. 17 Jan 1910). Jornalista, escritor, político monarquista, abolicionista e diplomata brasileiro. Um dos fundadores da Academia Brasileira de Letras.
1858 - Edith Nesbit was born (d. 1924). English writer (The Railway Children)
1862 - Indian Wars: During an uprising in Minnesota, Lakota warriors decide not to attack heavily-defended Fort Ridgely and instead turn to the settlement of New Ulm, killing white settlers along the way.
1870 - Bernard Baruch was born (d. 1965). Financier.
1871 - Orville Wright was born (d. 1948). American aviation pioneer.
1872 - King Charles XV / Carl IV of Sweden and Norway dies (b. 1826)
1875 - Stjepan Seljan was born (d. 1936). Explorer.
1881 - Georges Enescu was born (d. 1955). Romanian composer.
1883 - Coco Chanel was born (d. 1971). French clothing designer.
1883 - Elsie Ferguson was born (d. 1961). American film actress.

1883 - Nascimento de José Mendes Cabeçadas Júnior. Político português.
1889 - Nasce (João Maria) Alves da Cunha (m. 23 Set 1956). Actor português ( Rosa de Alfama (1953) Duas Causas (1952) Feitiço do Império (1940) Tragédia Rústica (1931) Maria do Mar (1930) Lisboa (1930) )

1889 - Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam dies (b. 1838). French writer
1892 - Alfred Lunt was born (d. 1977). Actor.
1895 - American frontier murderer and outlaw, John Wesley Hardin, is killed by an off-duty policeman in a saloon in El Paso, Texas.
1895 - John Wesley Hardin dies. Gunfighter.

1896 - Início do mandato de Severo Fernández Alonso Caballero na presidência da Bolívia

1898 - Nasce em Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Francisco (de Moraes) Alves (m. 29 Set 1952). Cantor popular, tido como o "Rei da Voz" e conhecido como "Chico Alves" e "Chico Viola", ("Pé de Anjo"), "Aquarela do Brasil" "Ora Vejam Só". Gravou centenas de discos.
1902 - Ogden Nash was born (d. 1971). Poet.
1906 - Philo T. Farnsworth was born (d. 1971). American inventor and television pioneer.
1907 - Thurston B. Morton was born (d. 1982). American politician
1913 - Richard Simmons was born (d. 2003). American actor.

1914 - Nasce, em Encatado, Rio de Janeiro, Aracy (Teles) de Almeida (m. 20 Jun 1988). Cantora popular, tida como uma das maiores intérpretes de samba dos anos 30 (juntamente com Carmem Miranda).
1915 - Ring Lardner, Jr. was born (d. 2000). Actor and screenwriter.
1916 - Marie Wilson was born (d. 1972). Actress.

1918 - Shankar Dayal Sharma was born. President of India (1992-1997)
1919 - Malcolm Forbes was born (d. 1990). Publisher.
1919 - Afghanistan gains independence from the United Kingdom.
1921 - Gene Roddenberry was born (d. 1991). American television producer.

1923 - Vilfredo Frederico Damaso Pareto dies. Italian economist.
1925 - Claude Gauvreau was born (d. 1971). Canadian playwright, poet, and polemicist.
1926 - Arthur Rock was born. Venture capitalist
1929 - Nasce em São Paulo, Haroldo (Eurico Browne) de Campos (m. 2003). Poeta brasileiro.
1929 - The radio comedy show Amos and Andy makes its NBC debut starring Freeman Gosden and Charles Correll.
1929 - Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev dies (b. 19 Mar 1872). Russian ballet impresario and founder of the Ballets Russes.

1929 - Casamento do pintor Diego Rivera com Frida Kahlo
1930 - Frank McCourt was born. Irish-born author
1931 - Willie Shoemaker was born (d. 2003). American jockey.
1934 - The first All-American Soap Box Derby is held in Dayton, Ohio.
1934 - The creation of the position Führer approved by the German electorate with 89.9% of the popular vote.
1935 - Bobby Richardson was born. Baseball player
1936 - Federico Garcia Lorca was shot and killed by a Francoist squad on the outskirts of Grenada and buried in an unmarked grave along with 3 other prisoners. (b. 1898). Spanish author. His dramatic works included "Blood Wedding," "Yerma," Dona Rosita the Spinster," and "The House of Bernarda Alba." )
1936 - John M.S. Pearce dies. Neurologist and author
1938 - Diana Muldaur was born. Actress, dog breeder, and dog judge
1939 - Ginger Baker was born. Musician.

1939 - Alan Baker was born in London. British mathematician, who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1970
1944 - Charles B. Wang was born. Philanthropist.
1940 - Johnny Nash was born. Singer.
1940 - Jill St. John was born. Actress.
1942 - Fred Thompson was born. U.S. Senator from Tennessee and actor
1942 - World War II: Operation Jubilee - The 2nd Canadian Infantry Division leads an allied forces amphibious assault on Dieppe, France.
1944 - World War II: Liberation of Paris - Paris rises against German occupation with the help of Allied troops.
1945 - Vietnam War: Viet Minh led by Ho Chi Minh take power in Hanoi, Vietnam.
1945 - Ian Gillan was born. Vocalist.
1946 - Bill Clinton was born. 42nd President of the United States
1946 - Beat Raaflaub was born. Conductor.

1947 - J. Arens and D. van Villages synthetised vitamin A.
1947 - Gerard Schwarz was born. American conductor.

1947 - James Hunt was born. Formula 1 car driver.

1948 - Tipper Gore was born. Former Second Lady of the United States
1950 - Jennie Bond was born. Journalist.
1952 - Jonathan Frakes was born. Actor and director.
1953 - Cold War: The CIA helps to overthrow the government of Mohammed Mossadegh in Iran and reinstate the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
1954 - Alcide De Gasperi dies (b. 1881). Prime Minister of Italy
1955 - In the Northeast United States, severe flooding caused by Hurricane Diane, claims 200 lives.
1955 - Peter Gallagher was born. Actor.
1956 - Adam Arkin was born. Actor.
1957 - David Bomberg dies. Painter
1958 - Anthony Muñoz was born. American football player.
1959 - Jacob Epstein dies (b. 1880). American-born sculptor.
1960 - Morten Andersen was born. American football player
1960 - Cold War: In Moscow, downed American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers is sentenced to ten years imprisonment by the Soviet Union for espionage.
1960 - Sputnik program: The Soviet Union launches Sputnik 5 with the dogs Belka and Strelka (Russian for "Squirrel" and "Little Arrow"), 40 mice, 2 rats and a variety of plants. The spacecraft returned to earth the next day and all animals were recovered safely.
1963 - John Stamos was born. Actor.

1963 - Nasce, no Rio de Janeiro, Marcos Palmeira (de Paula). Actor brasileiro, cinematográfico (estréia em "Copacabana me Engana", 1968), teatro e TV, destaca-se em novelas da Rede Globo.
1965 - Kevin Dillon was born. Actor
1965 - Kyra Sedgwick was born. Actress
1965 - Nasce, em Lisboa, Maria de Medeiros. Actriz e realizadora portuguesa. Estreia em "Silvestre", 1982; Volpi Cup de Actriz no Festival de Veneza por "Três Irmãos" (1994). Globo de Ouro em 1996 por Adão e Eva.
1965 - Japanese prime minister Eisaku Sato becomes the first post-[[World War II] sitting prime minister to visit Okinawa.
1966 - Lee Ann Womack, was born. Ccountry music musician
1967 - Hugo Gernsback dies. Editor and publisher
1968 - George Gamow dies (b. 1904). Ukrainian-born physicist.
1969 - Matthew Perry was born. Actor.
1970 - Paweł Jasienica dies (b. 1909). Polish historian
1971 - Nasce João (Manuel Vieira) Pinto. Futebolista internacional português que representa actualmente o Boavista.
1973 - Crown Princess Mette Marit of Norway was born.
1973 - Callum Blue was born. British actor.

1973 - Georgios Papadopoulos assume a presidência da Grécia
1975 - The cricket test match between England and Australia is called off after the pitch is vandalised by supporters of George Davis.
1977 - Groucho Marx dies (b. 1890). American comedian and actor
1980 - Otto Frank dies. Father of Anne Frank
1980 - Darius Danesh was born. Singer
1980 - Saudia Flight 163, a Lockheed L-1011 TriStar burns after making an emergency landing at King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, killing 301 people.
1981 - Libyan leader Muammar Qaddafi sends two Sukhoi Su-22 fighter jets to take on a couple of United States fighters over the Gulf of Sidra. The American jets destroyed the Libyan fighters.
1981 - Arqueólogos do Gabinete de Sines põem a descoberto na ilha do Pessegueiro uma estação arqueológica romana considerada de grande importância.
1983 - Tammin Sursok was born. Australian actress.
1987 - Hungerford Massacre: In the United Kingdom, Michael Ryan kills sixteen people with an assault rifle and then commits suicide.
1989 - Polish president Wojciech Jaruzelski nominates Solidarity activist Tadeusz Mazowiecki to be Prime Minister, thus Mazowiecki becoming the first non-communist to come to power in Poland in 42 years.
1990 - Leonard Bernstein conducts his final concert, ending with Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 7.
1991 - Morre (Luís Filipe) Lindley Cintra (n. 1925). Professor universitário e filólogo português.
1994 - Linus (Carl) Pauling dies (b. 28 Feb1901) . American physicist, chemist and author who was recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and Peace
1995 - Pierre Schaeffer dies. French composer.
1996 - Morre Vera Lagoa, jornalista e escritora portuguesa.

1996 - Morre Jofre Soares (n. 1922). Actor de teatro, cinema e TV, brasileiro. Um dos principais símbolos do cinema novo (participou em mais de 80 filmes).
1999 - In Belgrade, tens of thousands of Serbians rally to demand the resignation of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia President Slobodan Milošević.

2000 - Morte da atriz peruana Lola Vilar
2002 - A Russian Mi-26 helicopter carrying troops is hit by a Chechen missile outside of Grozny killing 118 soldiers.

2002 - Morte do escultor espanhol Eduardo Chillida
2003 - A car-bomb attack on UN headquarters in Iraq kills the agency's top envoy Sergio Vieira de Mello and 21 other employers.
2003 - Carlos Roberto Reina dies (b. 1926). President of Honduras

2003 -Morre Francisco Carlos (n. 1928). Cantor e galã cinematográfico brasileiro (anos 50).

2003 - Sérgio Vieira de Mello dies (b. 1948). Brazilian diplomat
Afghan Independence Day (1919)
Ghost Festival, the 14th day in the 7th lunar month in the Chinese calendar (2005)