On this day in History - Jul 24

1245 - O Papa Inocêncio IV retira a D. Sancho II a autoridade real.

1411 - Battle of Harlow

1567 - Mary Queen of Scots is deposed and replaced by her 1 year old son King James VI.
1568 - Don Carlos of Spain dies (b. 1545)
1660 - Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury, was born (d. 1718).
English politician
1686 - Benedetto Marcello was born (d. 24 Jul 1739). Italian composer, writer and poet
1701 - Detroit, Michigan founded.
1704 - Uma força anglo-holandesa comandada pelo príncipe Jorge de Hesse-Darmstadt, e transportada por uma frota sob o comando do almirante inglês sir George Rooke, ocupa Gibraltar, durante a Guerra de Sucessão de Espanha.
1725 - John Newton was born (d. 1807). Cleric and hymnist
1739 - Benedetto Marcello dies (b. 24 Jul 1739). Italian composer, writer and poet
1768 - Nathanial Lardner, dies (b. 1684). English theologian
1783 - Simón Bolívar, was born in Caracas, Venezuela (d. 17 Dec1830). South American liberator
1786 - Joseph Nicollet, was born (d. 1843). Mathematician and explorer
1802 - Alexandre Dumas père, was born (d. 1870). French writer ( "The Three Musketeers").
1803 - Adolphe Charles Adam, was born (d. 1956). French composer.
1803 - Alexander Davis was born (d. 14 Jan 1892). American architect, designer and illustrator.

1804 - Martin Knoller dies (b. 1725). Painter
1814 - War of 1812: General Phineas Riall advances toward Niagara to halt Jacob Brown's American invaders.
1827 - Ocorrem em Portugal "As Archotadas". Saldanha, ministro da guerra, depois de pretender demitir o intendente-geral da polícia, Joaquim Rodrigues de Bastos, e o chanceler da Casa da Suplicação, o desembargador João de Matos e Vasconcelos e Barbosa de Magalhães, demitia-se, ao mesmo tempo que sucessivas manifestações em Lisboa o aclamavam e que se repetiram nos dias 25 e 27. Ficaram conhecidas como as archotadas, porque, realizando-se à noitinha, os magotes de manifestantes, então ditos os grotescos, utilizavam archotes.
1832 - Benjamin Bonneville leads the first wagon train across the Rocky Mountains by using Wyoming's South Pass.
1847 - After 17 months of travel, Brigham Young leads 148 Mormon pioneers into Salt Lake Valley, resulting in the establishment of Salt Lake City.
1853 - William Gillette, was born (d. 29 Apr 1937). American playwright and actor.
1857 - Henrik Pontoppidan, was born. Danish writer. Nobel Prize for Literature in 1917.
1860 - Alfons Mucha, was born (d. 1937). Artist.
1862 - Martin Van Buren, dies. Eighth President of the United States
1864 - Frank Wedekind, was born (d. 1918). German writer.
1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Kernstown - Confederate General Jubal Early defeats Unon troops led by General George Crook in an effort to keep Yankees out of the Shenandoah Valley.
1866 - Reconstruction: Tennessee becomes the first U.S. state to be readmitted to the Union following the American Civil War.

1870 -Nascimento, em Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, de Alphonsus Guimaraens (Afonso Henrique da Costa Guimarães). Grande poeta brasileiro.
1878 - Lord Dunsany, was born (d. 1957). Writer
1880 - Ernest Bloch, was born (d. 1959). Swiss composer.
1885 - Entrada em vigor do 2.º Acto Adicional à Carta Constitucional, que tentava dar um carácter mais democrático à vida política portuguesa.

1890 -Nascimento, em Campinas, São Paulo, de Guilherme de Almeida (Guilherme de Andrade e Almeida), conhecido como "o príncipe dos poetas brasileiros".
1895 - Robert Graves, was born (d. 12 Jul 1985). English author.
1896 - Hermann Kasack, was born (d. 1966). Writer.
1897 - Amelia Earhart was born (d. 7 Fev 1937). American aviator; the first woman to fly alone over the Atlantic
1898 - Amelia Earhart, was born (d. 1937). American aviator (d. 1937 - disappeared)
1899 - Chief Dan George, was born (d. 1981). Native American actor.
1901 - O. Henry is released from prison in Austin, Texas after serving three years for embezzlement from a bank.
1904 - James Rhyne Killian was born (d. 29 Jan 1988) American president of M.I.T. (1948-59); helped create NASA
1908 - Cootie Williams, was born (d. 15 Sep 1985). American jazz musician : trumpeter
1910 - James MacGillivray publishes first account of Paul Bunyan in the Detroit News.
1911- Hiram Bingham III re-discovers Machu Picchu "the Lost City of the Incas".
1914 - Edwin Mirvish, was born. Retailer and impresario
1915 - Passenger ship Eastland capsizes in central Chicago, Illinois, with the loss of 845 lives.
1916 - John D. MacDonald,was born (d. 28 Dec 1986). American mystery and science fiction writer
1917 - Robert Farnon, was born. Conductor, composer and arranger
1918 - Ruggiero Ricci, was born. American violinist.

1919 - Nascimento de Maria Pinto da Silva - A minha querida maezinha.
1920 - Bella Abzug, was born (d. 31 Mar 1998). American feminist, lawyer and politician
1921 - Billy Taylor was born. Jazz pianist
1923 - The Treaty of Lausanne, settling the boundaries of modern Turkey, is signed in Switzerland by Greece, Bulgaria and other countries that fought in the First World War.
1926 - Hans Günter Winkler, was born. Equestrian jumper
1927 - The Menin Gate war memorial is unveiled at Ypres.
1927 - Ryunosuke Akutagawa, dies (b. 1892). Japanese writer.
1929 - The Kellogg-Briand Pact, renouncing war as an instrument of foreign policy, goes into effect (it was first signed in Paris on August 27, 1928 by most leading world powers).
1929 - Oriana Fallaci, was born. Italian journalist and author
1929 - Peter Yates was born. Movie director
1931 - Ermanno Olmi, was born. Italian director
1931 - A fire at a home for aged people in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania kills 48 people.
1933 - Doug Sanders, was born. Golfer
1934 - Rudy Collins, was born. Ddrummer (Dizzy Gillespie Quintet)
1935 - Pat Oliphant, was born. Political cartoonist
1935 - The dust bowl heat wave reaches its peak, sending temperatures to 109°F (44°C) in Chicago, Illinois and 104°F (40°C) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
1936 - Ruth Buzzi, was born. Comedienne
1937 - Alabama drops rape charges against the so-called "Scottsboro Boys."
1940 - Stanley Hauerwas, was born. Christian theologian
1942 - Chris Sarandon, actor
1943 - World War II: Operation Gomorrah begins: British and Canadian aeroplanes bomb Hamburg by night, those of the Americans by day. By the end of the operation in November, 9,000 tons of explosives will have killed more than 30,000 people and destroyed 280,000 buildings.
1945 - No final da Conferência de Potsdam, Churchill, Truman e o delegado chinês pedem a rendição incondicional do Japão. Os japoneses responderam negativamente, desconhecendo que a recusa implicava o lançamento de bombas atómicas no Japão.
1945 - Azim Premji, businessman
1947 - Robert Hays, was born. Actor
1947 - Peter Serkin, was born. American pianist
1949 - Michael Richards,was born. Comedian
1951 - Lynda Carter, was born. Actress
1951 - Chris Smith, was born. British politician
1952 - Gus Van Sant, was born. Film director
1956 - At New York City's Copacabana Club, Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis perform their last comedy show together which started on July 25, 1946.
1957 - Pam Tillis, was born. Country music singer
1959 - At the opening of the American National Exhibition in Moscow, US vice-president Richard Nixon and Nikita Khrushchev have a "kitchen debate."
1963 - Karl Malone, weas born. Basketball player
1964 - Barry Bonds, was born. Major League Baseball player.
1964 - Banana Yoshimoto, was born. Japanese novelist.
1965 - Kadeem Hardison, was born. Actor.
1965 - Vietnam War: Four F-4C Phantoms escorting a bombing raid at Kang Chi are the targets of antiaircraft missiles in the first such attack against American planes in the war. One is shot down and the other three sustain damage.
1965 - Constance Bennett, dies. Actress
1967 - During an official state visit to Canada, French President Charles de Gaulle declares to a crowd of over 100,000 in Montreal: Vive le Québec libre! (Long live free Quebec!). The statement, interpreted as support for Quebec independence, delighted many Quebecers but angered the Canadian government and many English Canadians.
1968 - Laura Leighton, was born. Actress
1968 - Kristin Chenoweth, was born. Musical actress
1969 - Rick Fox, was born. Basketball player
1969 - Apollo program: Apollo 11 splashes down safely in the Pacific Ocean.
1969 - Witold Gombrowicz, dies (b. 1904). Polish novelist and dramatist.
1970 - Jennifer Lopez, was born. Actress, singer
1974 - Watergate Scandal: The United States Supreme Court unanimously rule that President Richard Nixon did not have the authority to withhold subpoenaed White House tapes and they order him to surrender the tapes to the Watergate special prosecutor.
1974 - James Chadwik dies (b. 1891). English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
1980 - Peter Sellers, dies. Actor .
1981 - Gauge, was born. Porn actress
1981 - Summer Glau, was born. American actress
1982 - Anna Paquin, was born. Actress.
1983 - George Brett, batting for the Kansas City Royals against the New York Yankees, has a game-winning home run nullified in the "Pine Tar Incident".
1991 - Isaac Bashevis Singer, dies. Ukrainian author, Nobel Prize laureate
1996 - Mohammed Farah Aidid, dies. Somali warlord.
1997 - William J. Brennan, dies (b. 1906). Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court
1998 - Russel Eugene Weston Jr. bursts into the United States Capitol and opens fire killing two police officers. He is later ruled to be incompetent to stand trial.
2001 - Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, the last Tsar of Bulgaria when he was a child, was sworn in as Prime Minister of Bulgaria, and became the only monarch in history to regain political power through democratic election to a different office.
2001 - The Taiwan Solidarity Union is established.
2002 - James Traficant is expelled from the United States House of Representatives on a vote of 420 to 1.
2002 - Alfred Moisiu becomes President of Albania.
Ecuador - Simón Bolívar Day
Utah - Pioneer Day (1847)
Vanuatu - Children's Day
Venezuela - Birth of the Libertador (Simón Bolívar Day)
Ancient Latvia - Jekaupa Diena held