On this day in History - Jul 15

0518 - Roman Emperor Anastasius I dies
0668 - Constantine II dies at 37. Emperor of Byzantium
1024 - Death of St. Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor
1085 - Robert Guiscard, dies French adventurer.
1099 - Christian soldiers take Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after a difficult siege during First Crusade.
1207 - John of England expels Canterbury monks for supporting Archbishop of Canterbury Stephen Langton
1262 - Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford dies
1291 - Rudolph I of Germany, dies (b. 1218). Holy Roman Emperor
1381 - John Ball, English priest, veteran of Peasants' Revolt, dies executed in the presence of Richard II of England
1406 - William of Austria, dies. Duke of Carinthia, Styria, and Carniola
1410 - Battle of Grunwald (a.k.a. Tannenberg or Zalgiris), power of the Teutonic Knights broken by a defeat from Poles and Lithuanians
1553 - Archduke Ernest of Austria was born (d. 1595)
1571 - Shimazu Takahisa, dies (b. 1514). Japanese samurai and warlord
1573 - Inigo Jones was born (d. 1652). English architect 1573: Inigo Jones London, architect; restored St Paul's cathedral. He brought the Palladium style of Italian Renaissance architecture to England.
1606 - Rembrandt van Rijn was born in Leiden, Netherlands. (d. 1669). Dutch artist. He painted "The Anatomy Lesson or The Anatomy of Dr. Tulp," "Old Woman Cutting Her Nails" and "Night Watch." Other works include "Self Portrait Leaning Forward" (1628), "Two Studies of Saskia Asleep" (1635-1637), "Jupiter and Antiope" (1659) and "Aristotle Contemplating the Bust of Homer."
1631 - Jens Juel was born (d. 1700). Danish diplomat.
1662 - Fundação da Royal Society em Londres - Inglaterra
1685 - In England, the Duke of Monmouth is executed at Tower Hill, after he was defeated at the Battle of Sedgemore.
1704 - August Gottlieb Spangenberg was born. Founder of Moravian Church in North America
1779 - Clement Clarke Moore, was born (d. 1863). American educator, author, and poet. Author of "A Visit from St. Nicholas" ("Twas the Night Before Christmas") , founder of the General Theological Seminary in New York City,
1789 - Marquis de la Fayette, by acclamation, named colonel-general of the new National Guard of Paris.
1796 - Thomas Bulfinch, was born in Newton, Massachusetts. (d. 1796). American mythologist.
1799 - In the Egyptian village of Rosette, French Captain Pierre Bouchard finds the Rosetta Stone.
1806 - Pike expedition: Near St. Louis, Missouri, United States Army Lieutenant Zebulon Pike begins an expedition from Fort Belle Fountaine to explore the west.
1808 - Henry Edward Cardinal Manning, was born (d. 1892). English Catholic archbishop.
1812 - James Hope-Scott, was born (d. 1873). English barrister.
1814 - Edward Caswall, was born. English clergyman and hymn translator. Caswall's English versions of some hymns are still sung today. 'Jesus, The Very Thought of Thee' and 'When Morning Gilds the Skies.'
1815 - Napoléon Bonaparte surrenders from aboard HMS Bellerophon .

1817 - Sir John Fowler was born (d. 20 Nov 1898). 1st Baronet. English civil engineer who helped design and build the London Metropolitan Railway, thus pioneering the original London underground.
1837 - Nascimento de Estafânia de Hohenzollern (1837-1859), rainha de Portugal pelo seu casamento, em 1858, com D. Pedro V.
1848 - Vilfredo Pareto, was born (d. 1923). Italian economist and sociologist.
1850 - Mother Cabrini (Frances Xavier Cabrini) was born (d. 1917). Italian-born Roman Catholic saint. She was the first U.S. citizen to be made a saint.

1856 - Sir Weetman Dickinson was born (d. 1 May 1927). 1st Viscount Cowdray of Midhurst. British engineer and a developer of the Mexican petroleum industry.
1862 - American Civil War: Confederates break naval blockade of Vicksburg, Mississippi.
1865 - Alfred Charles William Northcliffe, was born. Newspaper publisher .

1868 - William Thomas Green Morton dies (b. 9 Aug 1819). American surgeon who was the first dentist to use ether (letheon) during an tooth extraction, privately on on 30 Sep 1846.

1869 - Margarine was patented by Hippolyte Mège Mouriés in Paris. He won a contest held by Emperor Napoleon III to find a suitable substitute for butter used by the French Navy.
1870 - Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov, was born (d. 1922). Russian publisher and politician.
1870 - Reconstruction: Georgia becomes the last of the former Confederate states to be readmitted to the Union.
1870 - Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory are transferred to Canada, and the province of Manitoba and the North-West Territories are established from these vast territories.
1871 - Kunikida Doppo, was born (d. 1908). Japanese writer.
1877 - Nascimento de Alfredo González Flores. Presidente da Costa Rica (1914-1917).
1885 - Morte da escritora espanhola Rosalía de Castro
1886 - Nascimentp de Jacques Riviere . Escritor e editor francês.
1892 - Walter Benjamin, was born (d. 1940). German literary critic and writer.
1895 - Archie MacLaren scores County Championship record innings of 424 for Lancashire against Somerset at Taunton.
1899 - Sean F. Lemass, was born (d. 1971). Irish leader.

1900 - Thomas Francis, Jr. was born. American microbiologist and epidemiologist who isolated the viruses responsible for influenza A (1934) and influenza B (1940) and developed a polyvalent vaccine effective against both strains.
1902 - Jean Rey, was born (d. 1983). Belgian politician and President of the European Commission.

1904 - Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov was born [Old Style - The date 15 Jul 1904 Old Style is 28 Jul 1904 New Style](d. 6 Jan 1990). Soviet physicist who discovered Cherenkov radiation (1934), a faint blue light emitted by electrons passing through a transparent medium when their speed exceeds the speed of light in that medium. He shared the 1958 Nobel Prize for Physics with Igor Y. Tamm and Ilya M. Frank.

1911 - Edward Shackleton, was born (d. 1994). English explorer.
1912 - Francisco Lazaro, dies at 21 during the marathon of Stocholm Olympic Games (b. 1891). Portuguese runner who was the first athlet of Benfica, in Olympic Games.
1914 - Hammond Innes, was born (d. 1998). English writer(The Angry Mountain; North Star)
1914 - Vencido totalmente por las fuerzas constitucionalistas de don Venustiano Carranza, el usurpador Victoriano Huerta se ve precisado a renunciar a la Presidencia de la República. Deja encargado del gobierno al licenciado Francisco Carvajal y Gual (quien lo ejercerá de esta fecha hasta el 13 de agosto del mismo en que lo tomará don Venustiano Carranza).
1916 - In Seattle, Washington, William Boeing incorporates Pacific Aero Products (later renamed Boeing).
1918 - World War I: Second Battle of the Marne - The battle begins near the River Marne with a German attack.
1918 - Bertram N. Brockhouse, was born (d. 2003). Canadian physicist, who shared Nobel Prize for Physics in 1994 (with American physicist Clifford G. Shull) for their separate but concurrent development of neutron-scattering techniques.
1918 - The Second Battle of the Marne began during World War I. / Segunda Batalha do Marne. Os exércitos alemães, comandados pela dupla Hindenbourg - Ludendorff, tentam tomar Paris. Serão derrotados por um misto de tropas americanas, italianas e britânicas. Foi a última ofensiva alemã na frente ocidental.
1919 - Iris Murdoch, was born in Dublin (d. 1999). English writer (A Severed Head)
1919 - Morte de Emil Hermann Fischer . Químico alemão, Prémio Nobel em 1902.

1921 - Bruce Merrifield was born. American biochemist and educator who in 1984 received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his development of a simple and ingenious method for synthesizing chains of amino acids, or polypeptides, in any predetermined order
1922 - Leon M. Lederman, was born. American physicist who, along with Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger, received Nobel Prize for Physics in 1988 their joint research and discovery (1960-62) of a new subatomic particle, the muon neutrino.

1925 - Philip Carey, was born. American actor.
1926 - Leopoldo Galtieri, was born. Argentine dictator
1926 - Driss Chraïbi, was born. Moroccan author
1927 - 89 protesters are killed by the Austrian police in Vienna. See Massacre of July 15, 1927.
1927 - Nan Clow Martin, was born. Actress
1928 - Carl Woese, was born. American microbiologist who recognized the existance of the organisms Archaea as a third domain of life, distinct from the previously recognized two domains of bacteria, and life other than bacteria
1929 - First weekly radio broadcast of Mormon Tabernacle Choir.
1930 - Jacques Derrida, was born (d. 2004). French philosopher.
1930 - Stephen Smale, was born. American mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1966 for his work in topology and dynamical systems.
1931 - Clive Cussler, was born. American author
1931 - Kid Chocolate becomes Cuba's first world boxing champion.
1933 - Julian Bream, was born. English guitarist and lutenist
1933 - Guido Crepax, was born (d. 2003). Italian comics artist.
1934 - Harrison Birtwistle, was born. English composer
1934 - Risto Jarva, was born (d. 1977). Finnish filmmaker.
1935 - Diahann Carroll, was born. American actress.
1935 - Alex Karra was born in Gary, Indiana, USA. American football player and actor
1935 - Ken Kercheval was born in Wolcottville, Indiana, USA . Actor (Dallas) .

1939 - Eugen Bleuler dies (b. 30 Apr 1857). Swiss psychiatrist, who introduced the term "schizophrenia" (1908) to describe the disorder previously known as dementia praecox
1942 - Mil Mascaras, was born. Mexican professional wrestler
1944 - Millie Jackson, was born. Rhythm-and-blues singer
1944 - Jan-Michael Vincent was born. Actor
1944 - World War II: Americans take Saipan
1945 - Peter Lewis was born. Rock singer-musician (Moby Grape) .
1945 - Nascimento, noRio de Janeiro, de Luiz Carlos Lacerda. Actor e realizador brasileiro.
1945 - Jürgen Möllemann, was bnorn (d. 2003). German politician
1946 - Muere en la ciudad de México, el ingeniero don Miguel Ángel Quevedo (n. 27 Sep 1862), a quien se le bautizó como el Apostol del Árbol, por su tesonera defensa de la riqueza forestal del país.
1946 - Linda Ronstadt, was born. American singer
1949 - Carl Bildt, was born. Swedish politician
1949 - Trevor Horn, was born. English musician
1951 - Jesse Ventura, was born. Professional wrestler and Governor of Minnesota
1952 - Terry O'Quinn was born. Actor.
1953 - Jean-Bertrand Aristide, was born. President of Haiti
1953 - John Denham, was born. British politician
1953 - John Reginald Christie executed.
1954 - First flight of the Boeing 707, the first American jet passenger airliner.
1954 - Nascimento de Mario Alberto Kempes. Jogador argentino de futebol
1956 - Ian Curtis, was born (d. 1980). British musician, singer and lyricist (Joy Division)
1956 - Barry Melrose, was born. Canadian hockey player, coach, and commentator
1956 - Marky Ramone, was born. American musician (The Ramones)
1956 - Joe Satriani was born. Rock musician
1958 - Mac Thornberry, was born. American politician
1958 - In Lebanon, 5,000 United States Marines land in the capital Beirut in order to provide military support to the pro-Western government there.
1961 - Forest Whitaker, was born. American actor
1961 - Scott Ritter, was born. UNSCOM weapons inspector in Iraq
1961 - John E. Brownlee, dies (b. 1884). Canadian politician.
1963 - Brigitte Nielsen was born. Danish actress.
1965 - Francis Cherry, dies (b. 1908). American politician.
1966 - Irène Jacob, was born. French-born Swiss actress .
1967 - Fallece el actor mexicano José Elías Moreno
1968 - Eddie Griffin, was born. American actor
1968 - Stan Kirsch, was born. American actor
1970 - Chi Cheng, was born. American musician.
1970 - Denmark beats Italy 2-0 in 1st world female soccer championship
1971 - John Dolmayan, was born. Lebanese-born drummer (System of a Down)
1973 - Brian Austin Green, was born. American actor
1974 - In Nicosia, Cyprus, Greek-sponsored nationalists launch a coup d'état, deposing President Makarios and installing Nikos Sampson as Cypriot president.
1975 - Apollo Soyuz Test Project: Apollo and Soyuz spacecraft take off for U.S.-Soviet link-up in space.
1976 - Nascimento, em Algermissen, Alemanha, de Diane Kruger (Diane Heidkrueger), estrela do cinema mundial.
1979 - U.S. President Jimmy Carter gives his famous "malaise" speech, where he characterizes the greatest threat to the country as "this crisis in the growing doubt about the meaning of our own lives and in the loss of a unity of purpose for our nation."
1979 - Morte, na Cidade do México, de Gustavo Díaz Ordaz. Presidente da República Mexicana (1964-1970).
1988 - Die Hard opens in theaters, starring Bruce Willis
1989 - Punk rock band Bad Religion releases their sixth album, No Control.
1989 - Maria Kuncewicz dies in Kazimierz Dolny, Poland. Novelist, essayist, playwright, and short-story writer. Cudzoziemka (The Stranger) is considered her best work.
1979 -Muere en la ciudad de México, don Gustavo Díaz Ordaz quien fuera Presidente de la República en el período 1964-1970.
1991 - Bert Convy, dies (b. 1933). American actor.
1992 - Hammer DeRoburt, dies (b. 1922). First President of Nauru.
1992 - A major fire consumes an entire city block in tourist destination Gatlinburg, Tennessee, destroying the Ripley's Believe It Or Not Museum and several other local businesses in the process. The block was rebuilt and re-opened in 1995.
1993 - Morte de Hugo Ballivián Rojas. Presidente da Bolívia (1951-1952)
1994 - Albert Belle of the Cleveland Indians caught with a corked bat.
1995 - Fluid Concepts & Creative Analogies: Computer Models of the Fundamental Mechanisms of Thought by Douglas Hofstadter becomes the first item sold on Amazon.com
1996 - MSNBC cable-DBS channel launched
1996 - Prince Charles and Princess Di signed divorce papers.
1996 - Hercules C-130 of the Royal Belgian Air Force carrying the Royal Netherlands Army marching band crashes on landing at Eindhoven Airport. Thirty-two people died in the flames, two people died of their injuries. Seven people sustained severe burns.
1996 - Dana Hill, dies (b. 1964). American actress.
1997 - In Miami, Florida, serial killer Andrew Phillip Cunanan guns down Gianni Versace outside his home. Suspected serial killer Andrew Phillip Cunanan, was found dead eight days later.
1997 - Gianni Versace, dies (b. 1946). Italian fashion designer. 1997: Fashion designer Gianni Versace was shot to death outside his home in Miami; the man believed to be the gunman, suspected serial killer Andrew Phillip Cunanan, was found dead eight days later.
1997 - In Serbia Slobodan Milosevic was elected president of the Yugoslav federation in a vote that opposition parties said was illegal.
1999 - Safeco Field opens in Seattle, Washington.
1999 - China declared that it had invented its own neutron bomb.
2000 - Paul Young, singer, Mike and the Mechanics, dies at 53
2002 - So-called "American Taliban" John Walker Lindh pleads guilty to supplying aid to the enemy and for the possession of explosives during the commission of a felony. Lindh agrees to serve 10 years in prison for each of the charges.
2002 - Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh and three other suspects convicted of murdering Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl.
2003 - AOL Time Warner disbands Netscape Communications Corporation. The Mozilla Foundation is established on the same day.
2003 - Morte do escritor chiileno Roberto Bolaño
2003 - Adi Preißler dies. German footballer.
2003 - Roberto Bolaño, dies (b. 1953). Chilean writer.
2004 - Monorail service begins in Las Vegas.
2004 - 18 - The Open Championship in golf, known in North America as the British Open, takes place in Troon, Scotland.
2004 - The BBC airs the documentary "The Secret Agent", exposing racism by members of the British National Party.
Botswana - President's Day
Brunei - Birthday of the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam
Palermo, Sicily - Festival of Santa Rosalia
Japan - Third day of Obon feast period
Saint Swithun's feast day (Anglican Church)
Saint Vladimir the Great's day (Eastern Orthodox; Roman Catholic)
Confuflux (Discordianism)