On this day in History - May 13

• 0535 - St. Agapitus I began his reign as Catholic Pope.
• 1232 - Papa Gregório IX canoniza Fernando de Bulhões (Santo António de Pádua ou de Lisboa como também é conhecido) .
• 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. In Florence the Dominican monk Girolamo Savonarola (1452-1498) had led the burning of musical instruments, books and priceless works of art. He preached against corruption in the Church and civil government.
• 1524 - Arriban al islote de San Juan de Ulúa en la Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz, los primeros misioneros llegados a estas tierras del Nuevo Mundo. Son doce franciscanos encabezados por los frailes Martín de Valencia, García de Cisneros y Toribio de Paredes o Benavente.
• 1568 - Battle of Langside: the forces of Mary Queen of Scots are defeated by a confederacy of Scottish Protestants under James Stewart, Earl of Moray, her half-brother.
• 1598 - Enrique IV de Francia promulga el Edicto de Nantes que garantiza la tolerancia religiosa.
• 1607 - Jamestown, Virginia is settled as an English colony.
• 1619 - Dutch statesman Johan van Oldenbarnevelt is executed in The Hague after having been accused of treason.
• 1619 - Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, dies (b. 1547). Dutch statesman.
• 1643 - Chile: el terremoto de Santiago siega la vida a la tercera parte de la población.
• 1648 - Asume el gobierno de la Nueva España, Marcos de Torres y Rueda, obispo de Yucatán, con el nombramiento de gobernador o presidente de la Audiencia, y quien sustituye al 19º virrey García Sarmiento de Sotomayor.
• 1653 - Morte de D. Teodósio. Filho de D. João IV e D. Luísa Francisca de Gusmão.
• 1655 - Pope Innocent XIII [Michelangiolo dei Conti] was born (d. 1724). 244th Roman Catholic Pope (1721-24).
• 1695 - Pierre-François Mignard I “le Romain”, dies (b. 17 Nov 1612). French Baroque painter.
• 1699 - Nasce Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, Conde de Oeiras e Marquês de Pombal, was born (d. 1782). Primeiro ministro português no reinado de D. José. Portuguese prime minister.
• 1714 - Es aprobada por el Rey Felipe V la Fundación de la Real Academia Española de la Lengua.
• 1717 - Empress Maria Theresa of Austria, was born (d. 1780). Wife of Napoleon.
• 1732 - Theodor Schwarzkopf (72), composer, died.
• 1765 - Nasceu o pintor português Vieira Portuense.
• 1767 - Nascia o que viria a ser o Rei D. João VI de Portugal (1816-1826) .
• 1776 - Rodrigo Ferreira da Costa, was born. Portuguese composer.
• 1777 - Portugal - Aclamação de D. Maria I no Terreiro do Paço.
• 1779 - War of Bavarian Succession: Russian and French mediators at the Congress of Teschen negotiate an end to the war. In the agreement Austria receives the part of its territory that was taken from them (the Inn District).
• 1787 - Captain Arthur Phillip leaves Portsmouth, England with eleven ships full of convicts to establish a penal colony in Australia.
• 1792 - Giovanni-Maria Mastaia-Ferretti, later Pope Pius IX -"Pio Nono" (1846-78), was born at Sinigaglia (d. 1878).
• 1797 - A Real Biblioteca Pública da Corte e do Reino, de Lisboa, abriu ao público.
• 1797 - O Teatro de S. João é inaugurado no Porto.
• 1811 - Criação da Biblioteca Nacional, no Rio de Janeiro - Brasil. Um símbolo da cultura e da educação desta nação;
• 1830 - Ecuador gains its independence with Juan Jose Flores as first President.
• 1830 - Zebulon Baird Vance, was born (d. 1894). Three-time governor of North Carolina.
• 1832 - Muere el naturalista Georges de Cuvier.
• 1835 - John Nash, dies (b. 1752). Architect.
• 1837 - Portugal - Conspiração das Marnotas. Tentativa de sublevação miguelista. As forças concentradas nesta localidade, perto de Loures, de 13 para 14 de Maio dirigiram-se para Salvaterra e entraram a 15 em Samora Correia onde aclamaram D. Miguel. A revolta foi sufocada rapidamente.
• 1840 - Alphonse Daudet, was born (d. 1897). French novelist.
• 1842 - Arthur Sullivan of Gilbert and Sullivan, was born. Composer (d. 1900).
• 1844 - España: creación de la Guardia Civil.
• 1846 - Mexican-American War: The United States declares war on Mexico.
• 1848 - First performance of Finland's national anthem.
• 1854- Nace el educador y poeta argentino "Almafuerte" (apodo de Pedro Bonifacio Palacios).
• 1855 - Ludwig Deutsch, was born (d. 1935). Austrian French academic painter specialized in Orientalism.
• 1857 - Sir Ronald Ross, was born (d. 16 Sep 1932). British bacteriologist who received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine -1902 for his work on malaria. His discovery of the malarial parasite in the gastrointestinal tract of the Anopheles mosquito led to the realization that malaria was transmitted by Anopheles.
• 1861 - American Civil War: Queen Victoria of Britain issues a "proclamation of neutrality" which recognizes the breakaway states as having belligerent rights.
• 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Resaca - the battle begins with Union General Sherman fighting toward Atlanta.
• 1865 - American Civil War: Battle of Palmito Ranch - In far south Texas, more than a month after Confederate General Lee's surrender, the last land battle of the Civil War ends with a Union victory.
• 1867 - Sir Frank William Brangwyn was born (d. 11 Jun 1956). English painter and graphic artist.
• 1867 - Nace el historiador y filólogo Ramón Menéndez Pidal.
  1880 - In Menlo Park, New Jersey, Thomas Edison performs the first test of his electric railway. 1882 - Georges Braque, was born in Argenteuil, near Paris (d. 31 Aug 1963). French Cubist and Fauvist painter, collagist, draftsman, printmaker, illustrator, and sculptor. [Viaduct à l'Estaque; Le Chaudron ; Fenêtres: Oiseaux Gris; Grand Nude ].
• 1881 - Nascimento de Lima Barreto (m. 1922). Escritor brasileiro (O triste fim de Policarpo Quaresma) .
• 1883 - Nascimento de George Nicholas Papanicolaou. Citologista e patologista grego.
• 1884 - Cyrus McCormick, dies (b. 1809). Inventor.
• 1888 - Brazil abolishes slavery. (Lei "Áurea" nº 3.353, de 1888, assinada pela Princesa Isabel). Some 4 million slaves had been imported, the most of any nation in the western hemisphere.
• 1894 - Ásgeir Ásgeirsson, was born (d. 1972). 2nd president of Iceland.
• Nascimento de Murilo Mendes (Murilo Monteiro Mendes), poeta brasileiro, em Juiz Fora-MG, no ano de 1901;
• 1898 - Nascimento de Aurora Celeste. Actriz portuguesa [Aldeia da Roupa Branca (1938)
  Fidalgos da Casa Mourisca, Os (1921)].
• 1899 - Nascimento de Sarah Afonso (m. 1983). Pintora portuguesa.Casou em 1932 com Almada Negreiros .
• 1905 - Fundação do Sport Clube do Recife, Brasil.
• 1907 - Dame Daphne du Maurier, was born in London, England, UK (d. 19 Apr 1989). Author (Rebecca).
• 1909 - The first Giro d'Italia took place in Milan. Italian cyclist Luigi Ganna was the winner.
• 1911 - Después de atacar las poblaciones de Axochiapan, Chinameca y Jonacatepec, del Estado de Morelos, las fuerzas revolucionarias de Emiliano Zapata se concentran en Cuautla e inician el ataque y sitio contra las fuerzas federales del dictador Porfirio Díaz.
• 1912- In the United Kingdom, the Royal Flying Corps (now the Royal Air Force) is established.
• 1913 - Igor Sikorsky becomes the first man to pilot a four-engine aircraft.
• 1913 - Gil Evans, was born (d. 1988). Jazz musician.
• 1913 - Nascimento em Torres Novas de Pedro Navarro. Actor português. Sol e Toiros (1949) Intramuros (1964) Via Macau (1966) Brides of Blood (1968)
• 1914 - Joe Louis, was born (d. 1981). Boxer.
• 1916 - Sholom Aleichem, dies (b. 1859). Author.
• 1917 - Three peasant children claim to see the Blessed Virgin Mary above a holmoak tree in Cova da Iria near Fatima, Portugal. Três crianças (pastorinhos) declaram ter visto uma aparição da Virgem Maria sobre uma azinheira, na Cova da Iria, perto de Fátima, Portugal.
• 1923 - Bea Arthur, was born. Actress.
• 1923 - Pulitzer prize awarded to Willa Carter (One of Ours).
• 1926 - Wallace Breem, was born. Author.
• 1927 - Herbert Ross, was born (d. 2001). Director.
• 1928 - Nascimento em Macaé - RJ de Ângela Maria (Abelim Maria da Cunha), atriz brasileira e grande cantora da MPB.
• 1930 - Nasce Manuel Marulanda "Tirofijo", líder das Forças Revolucionárias da Colômbia.
• 1930 - Fridtjof Nansen, dies (born 10 Oct 1861). Norwegian explorer, oceanographer, statesman, and humanitarian who led a number of expeditions to the Arctic (1888, 1893, 1895-96) and oceanographic expeditions in the North Atlantic (1900, 1910-14). For his relief work after World War I he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace - 1922.
• 1931 - Jim Jones, was born. Cult leader of religious community in Jonestown, Guyana; In 1978 he led 900 of his followers to mass suicide.
• 1931 - Paul Doumer elected President of France.
• 1934 - Adolf Muschg, was born. Author.
• 1934 - Leon Wagner, was born (d. 2004). MLB All-Star.
• 1934 - Inauguração da estátua do Marquês de Pombal - Lisboa - Portugal .
• 1937 - Roch Carrier, was born. Canadian novelist and National Librarian .
• 1937 - Roger Zelazny, was born (d. 1995). Science fiction author (6 Hugos, Chronicles of Amber).
• 1938 - Charles Edouard Guillaume, Swiss phisycian Phisician Nobel Prize -1920.
• 1939 - Harvey Keitel, was born in Brooklin, New York - USA. Actor (Taxi Driver, Pulp Fiction, Reservoir Dogs).
• 1940 - Bruce Chatwin, was born (d. 1989). British travel writer and novelist.
• 1940 - World War II: Germany's conquest of France begins as the German army crosses the Meuse River.
• 1940 - Churchill In his first speech as prime minister of Britain, Winston Churchill told to the House of Commons "I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat."
• 1940 - Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands flees the Nazi invasion in the Netherlands to Britain. Princess Juliana takes her children to Canada for their safety.
• 1941 - Ritchie Valens, was born (d. 1959). Singer.
• 1941 - Senta Berger, was born. Actress.
• 1942 - En aguas del Golfo de México, un submarino alemán ataca y hunde al barco petrolero mexicano "Potrero del Llano".
• 1943 - World War II: German Afrika Korps and Italian troops in North Africa surrender to Allied forces.
• 1944 - Armistead Maupin, was born. Author .
• 1945 - Tubby Hall, dies (b. 1895). Jazz musician.
• 1946 - US condemned 58 camp guards of Mauthausen concentration camp to death.
• 1947 - Stephen R. Donaldson, was born. Author.
• 1947 - Fundação do Comerciário Futebol Clube de Criciuma, que mudou de nome em 13. Mar. 1978 para Criciuma Esporte Clube.
• 1948 - Fundación del Club de Deportes Caldas, que en su historia tendría los siguientes nombres: Deportivo Atlético, Once Phillips, Varta y Cristal Caldas. Actualmente se llama Club Deportivo Once Caldas de Manizales, Colombia, campeón de la Libertadores en 2004.
• 1948 - 1948 Arab-Israeli War: The Kfar Etzion massacre is committed by Arab irregulars, the day before the declaration of independence of the state of Israel on May 14.
• 1950 - Steveland Morris Hardaway (Stevie Wonder), was born prematurely, on this day in Saginaw. Singer, pianist, bassist, drummer and activist for civil rights, campaigns against cancer, AIDS, drunk driving and the plight of Ethiopians. One Oscar and at least sixteen Grammy Awards earned.
• 1952 - Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru became premier of India.
• 1954 - Johnny Logan, was born. Irish singer, songwriter, three-time Eurovision Song Contest winner .
• 1958 - During a visit to Caracas, Venezuela, Vice President Richard M. Nixon's car is attacked by anti-American demonstrators.
• 1958 - Pierre Pflimlin becomes Prime Minister of France .
• 1958 - Velcro's trade mark is registered.
• 1960 - First ascent of Dhaulagiri, World's 7th-highest mountain.
• 1961 - Dennis Rodman, was born. Basketball player, actor.
• 1961 - Gary Cooper, dies (b. 1901). Two time Academy award winning actor (High Noon).
• 1962 - Franz Kline dies (b.1910). American painter of abstract expressionist style .
• 1964 - Egipto: inaugurada la faraónica presa de Asuán.
• 1965 - Desaparece el oftalmólogo Ignacio Barraquer.
• 1966 - Darius Rucker, was born. Hootie & The Blowfish frontman.
• 1966 - Morreu o musicólogo português Mário Luis Sampaio Ribeiro.
• 1967 - Chuck Schuldiner, was born (d. 2001). Death frontman.
• 1967 - Papa Paulo VI visita o Santuário de Fátima -Portugal.
• 1968 - 1,000,000 French demonstrated against De Gaulle & Pompidou.
• 1969 - Race riots in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, later known as the 13 May Incident.
• 1971 - D. António Ribeiro é nomeado 15º Patriarca de Lisboa - Portugal.
• 1971 - Leonidas de Vedia é reeleito presidente da Academia Argentina de Letras.
• 1972 - Dan Blocker, dies. American actor (Bonanza) .
• 1974 - Muerte de Don Jaime Torres Bodet.
• 1975 - Bob Wills, dies (b. 1905). Country musician.
• 1977 - España: la Pasionaria regresa del exilio.
• 1977 - Samantha Morton, was born in Nottingham, England. Movie star, actress.
• 1978 - Mike Bibby, was born. Basketball player.
• 1978 - Barry Zito, was born. Baseball pitcher.
• 1978 - Jim Jones, líder religioso do Templo do Povo.
• 1979 - Prince Carl Philip of Sweden was born.
• 1981 - Sunny Leone, was born- Penthouse Magazine's pet of the Year, 2003 .
• 1981 - Mehmet Ali Ağca attempts to assassinate Pope John Paul II at St. Peter's Square in Rome.
• 1981 - Dinamo Tbilisi wins 21st Uefa Cup Winners Cup beating Karl Zeiss Jena 2 -1.
• 1982 - Soyuz T-5 was launched. Berezovoi & Lebedev spent the next 211 days in space.
• 1985 - The Mayor of Philadelphia orders police to storm the radical group's MOVE headquarters to end a stand-off. The police drop an explosive device into the headquarters, killing 11 MOVE members and destroying the homes of 250 city residents in the resulting fire.
• 1987 - Ajax wins 27th Uefa Cup Winners Cup beating Leipzig 1-0.
• 1988 - Chet Baker, dies (b. 1929). American jazz trumpeter.
• 1989 - Os Pastorinhos de Fátima, Francisco e Jacinta Marto, são declarados Veneráveis.
• 1992 - Ajax wins 21st UEFA Cup Ajax - Torino 0 -0 (2-2 agregate). Match decided on away goals.
• 1995 - In Dublin, Ireland, Secret Garden win the fortieth Eurovision Song Contest for Norway performing "Nocturne".
• 1995 - Casamento de D. Duarte Pio com D. Isabel de Herédia no mosteiro dos Jerónimos - Portugal.
• 1995 - Chelsi Smith, 21, of USA, crowned 44th Miss Universe.
• 1996 - Severe thunderstorms and a tornado in Bangladesh kill 600 people.
• 1997 - Shadow Warrior, a first-person shooter developed by 3D Realms, is released.
• 1998 - Following India's second round of nuclear tests the United States and Japan impose economic sanctions.
• 1999 - Gene Sarazen, dies (b. 1902). Golfer.
• 1999 - Ecuador and Peru signed a treaty settling their 50-year border dispute over a 50 mile stretch in the Amazon jungle.
• 2000 - In Stockholm, Sweden, the Olsen Brothers win the forty-fifth Eurovision Song Contest for Denmark singing "Fly On The Wings of Love".
• 2000 - Os 3 Pastorinhos de Fátima, são beatificados.
• 2001 - R.K. Narayan, dies (b. 1906). Indian novelist.
• 2001 - O multi-milionário Silvio Berlusconi vence as eleições para primeiro-ministro da Itália.
• 2003 - John Savage, dies. Former Premier of Nova Scotia.
• 2003 - In eastern China a gas explosion ripped through a coal mine, killing at least 63 miners and leaving 23 others missing 1,500 feet underground.
• 2004 - Renúncia do primeiro-ministro da Índia, Atal Behari Vajpayee.
• Commemoration of Julian of Norwich (Anglican) .
• Devoção a N. Senhora de Fátima no Santuário de Fátima - Portugal em comemoração da sua Aparição.
• Ecuador - Día de independencia.
• Roman Empire - Feast of the Lemures (See Larvae)