Nothingandall: On this day in History

Efemérides: Destaque do dia: O nosso destaque vai para a libertação do campo de concentração de Auschwitz pelas tropas russas em 1945, pondo fim a um período negro da existencia da humanidade.

A música também merece uma especial referência com a efeméride do nascimento de Mozart (1756) e da morte Verdi (em 1901).

98 - Nerva, Roman Emperor dies, (b. 35).
1186 - Henry VI, the son and heir of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I, married Constance of Sicily and was crowned King of Burgundy, Germany and Italy.
1490 - Ashikaga Yoshimasa, dies, Ashikaga shogun (b. 1435) .
1554 - Pedro de Heredia, fallecimiento de, navegante, fundador de Cartagena de Indias (Colombia).
1585- Hendrick Avercamp, was born,Dutch painter (d. 1634) .
1606 - Gunpowder Plot: The trial of Guy Fawkes and other conspirators begins and later ends in their execution on January 31.
1621 -Thomas Willis was born (d. 11 Nov 1675). British physician, leader of the English iatrochemists, who attempted to explain the workings of the body from current knowledge of chemical interactions.
1662 - Richard Bentley, was born,English Classical scholar.
1701 - Nace el astrónomo y físico Anders Celsius.
1720 - Samuel Foote, was born, dramatist and actor (d. 1777 ).
1741- Hester Thrale, was born, diarist (d. 1821) .
1756 - Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart,was born, composer (d. 1791) .
1763 - Com o desenvolvimento econômico do Brasil, Portugal cria um novo sistema administrativo para sua colônia, elevando a nação a Vice-Reinado.
1763 - A Capital do Brasil é transferida de Salvador para Rio de Janeiro.
1785 - Fundación del Jardín Botánico de Madrid.
1785 - The University of Georgia is founded.
1794 - A frota espanhola do general Aristizábal toma a praça do Forte Delfim dos franceses, na ilha de Santo Domingo.
1801 - La revolución de los esclavos haitianos provoca en Santo Domingo el pavor entre los colonos blancos, y un antiguo esclavo, Toussaint Louverture, se convierte en dictador de la isla.
1805 - Samuel Palmer, was born,English artist (d. 1881) .
1806 - Juan Crisóstomo Arriaga, was born,composer .
1808 - João Caetano, teatrista brasileiro.
1814 - Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, architect (d. 1879) .
1822 - Greece proclaimed its independence from Turkey.
1827 - Ramón de Cala y Barea, político federalista y autonomista español nace en Jerez de la Frontera (Cádiz).
1829 - Isaac Roberts was born, (d. 17 Jul 1904). British astronomer who was a pioneer in photography of nebulae. In 1885 he had built an observatory with a 20 inch reflector. Using this instrument Roberts was to make considerable progress in the newly developing science of Astro-photography.
1832 - Lewis Carroll, was born (d. 14 Jan 1898) ,author of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
1836 - Leopold von Sacher-Masoch,was born, writer (d. 1895) .
1842 - Golpe de Estado orientado por Costa Cabral .
1843 - James Ward, was born ( d. 4 Mar 1925). Philosopher and psychologist who exerted a major influence on the development of psychology in Great Britain
1850 - Samuel Gompers, labor union was born,leader (d. 1924)
1851- John James Audubon, dies, (b. 26 Apr 1785) naturalist, ornithologist, painter; known for his drawings and paintings of North American birds .
1859 - Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany, was born,last German Emperor and Prussian king (d. 1941) .
1860 - Sir Thomas Makdougall Brisbane dies (b. 23 Jul 1773) (Baronet) British soldier and astronomical observer for whom the city of Brisbane, Australia, is named. Mainly remembered as a patron of science, he built an astronomical observatory at Parramatta, Australia, and a combined observatory and magnetic station at Makerstoun, Roxburghshire, Scotland.
1860 - János Bolyai, dies, (b. 15 Dec 1802) the greatest Hungarian matematician Hungarian mathematician and one of the founders of non-Euclidean geometry - geometry that does not include Euclid's axiom that only one line can be drawn parallel to a given line through a point not on the given line.
1861 -Ralph Modjeski was born [d. 26 Jun 1940]. Polish-born American bridge designer and builder, outstanding for the number, variety, and innovative character of his projects.
1865 - Início da Guerra do Paraguai.
1870 - First college sorority, Kappa Alpha Theta, is formed at DePauw University.
1873 - Adam Sedgwick , dies (b. 22 Mar 1785) English geologist who first applied the name Cambrian to the geologic period of time, now dated at 570 to 505 million years ago.
1880 - Thomas Edison files a patent for his electric incandescent lamp.
1880 - Edward Middleton Barry, dies, architect (b. 1830) .
1885 - Eduard Künnecke, was born,composer (d. 1953) .
1885 - Jerome Kern, was born,composer (d. 1945) .
1885 - Harry Ruby, was born, musician, composer, writer (d. 1974) .
1887 - Carl (William) Blegen, was born (d. 24 Aug 1971) . Archaeologist who found striking evidence to substantiate and date the sack of Troy described in Homer's Iliad.
1888- Victor Moritz Goldschmidt was born, (d. 20 Mar 1947). Swiss-born Norwegian mineralogist and petrologist who laid the foundation of inorganic crystal chemistry and founded modern geochemistry.
1888 - In Washington, DC the National Geographic Society is founded.
1895 - Born this day, Harry Ruby (Rubinstein), musician, composer, (Duck Soup). Died 23 February 1974.
1900 - Boxer Rebellion: Foreign diplomats in Peking, China demand that the Boxer rebels be disciplined.
1900 - Hyman G. Rickover was born, (d. 8 Jul 1986) born in Makow, Russia (now Poland), immigrated to the US (1906).
1900 - Admiral Hyman Rickover,was born in Makow, Russia (now Poland) [d. 1986], Immigrated to the US 1906 he is known as the Father of the Nuclear Navy for his leadership to build the atomic-powered submarine, USS Nautilus (1954). (d. 1986)
1901 - Giuseppe Verdi, dies,composer (b. 1813) .
1901- Willy Fritsch, was born,actor (d. 1973) .
1903 - John Carew Eccles, was born, Australian research neuropsychologist, winner (with with Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley) of Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963 (d. 1997) .
1906 - Tratado entre Inglaterra e França estabelece a divisão do arquipélago das Novas Hébridas.
1906 - Radamés Gnatalli, compositor moderno brasileiro.
1908 - Oran "Hot Lips" Page,was born, jazz trumpet (d. 1954)
1910 - Thomas Crapper, dies, inventor (b. 1836)
1915 - Primeira Guerra Mundial: Primeiro bombardeio aéreo massivo registrado pela história, realizado por aviões franceses contra as fábricas alemãs de explosivos.
1915- United States Marines occupy Haiti.
1918- Skitch Henderson,was born, musician, band leader .
1918 - Inicio de la guerra civil en Finlandia.
1919 - Ross Bagdasarian, was born,musician, actor (d. 1972) .
1920 - Frankie Albert, was born, American football star (d. 2002) .
1920 - Helmut Zacharias, was born, German violinist (d. 2002) .
1921- Donna Reed, was born, in Denison, Iowa (d.1986), actress (From Here to Eternity, It’s a Wonderful Life, The Benny Goodman Story, The Donna Reed Show).
1923 - Primeiro Congresso do Partido nacional-socialista da Alemanha, em Munique.
.1924 - Sabu, was born, (d. 2 Dec. 1963) Actor (A Tiger Walks, The Treasure of Bengal, The Jungle Book, Arabian Nights, The Thief of Bagdad, The Elephant Boy) .
1926 - Fritz Spiegl, was born,journalist (d. 2003) .
1926 - John Logie Baird of Scotland, demonstrates the first television broadcast.
1927 - Fallece el escritor Vicente Blasco Ibáñez. .
1928 - Gastón Suárez, dramaturgo y escritor boliviano nacido en Tupiza.
1930 - Bobby Bland, was born,blues singer .
1931 - Mordecai Richler, was born, author (d. 2001) .
1934 - Firmado pacto em que Alemanha e Polônia se obrigam mutuamente a renunciar a todo acto de agressão durante 10 anos.
1936 - Troy Donahue, was born, actor (d. 2001) ,
1936 - Samuel Chao Chung Ting was born; American physicist who shared, with Burton Richter, the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1976 for his discovery of a new subatomic particle, the J/psi particle.
1937 - John Ogdon, was born, English pianist (d. 1989) .
1940 - Isaac Babel, dies, writer (b. 1894) .
1943 - World War II: 50 bombers mount the first all American air raid against Germany (Wilhelmshaven was the target).
1944 - World War II: The two year Siege of Leningrad is lifted.
1944 - Born this day, Mairead Corrigan, pacifist, Nobel Peace Prize winner.
1945 - World War II: The Red Army arrives at Auschwitz and Birkenau in Poland and liberated the Nazi concentration camp where 1.1-1.5 million people were murdered.
1945 - Nick Mason, was born, musician of Pink Floyd ( Arnold Lane, Let There be More Light, Atom Heart Mother, Echoes, Wish You Were Here, Shine on You Crazy Diamond).
1946 - Nedra Talley, was born, singer, member of the Ronettes .
1947 - Paul Percy Harris, faleceu neste dia, fundador norte-americano do Rotary International.
1948 - Mikhail Baryshnikov, was born, dancer .
1948 - Wire Recording Corporation of America announced the first magnetic wire recorder.
1950 - Science magazine announced the new antibiotic terramyacin. Made by Charles Pfizer & Co., it was isolated from Indiana soil, and found effective against pneumonia, dysentery, and other infections .
1950 - Augusto D'Halmar, fallecimiento de poeta y escritor chileno.
1951 - Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site begins with a one-kiloton bomb dropped on Frenchman Flats.
1952 -Prime Minister Mustafa Nahhas is removed by King Farouk for failing to keep the peace. He is replaced by Ali Mahir.
1956 - Mimi Rogers, was born, actress .
1956 - Erich Kleiber, dies, German conductor (b. 1890) .
1957 - Janick Gers, was born,musician (Iron Maiden) .
1959 - Keith Olbermann, was born,news correspondent, sportscaster .
1960 - Juan Domingo Perón abandona la República Dominicana y se traslada a España.
1960 - Queda abolida la pena de muerte en Bolivia.
1964 - France established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China.
1964 - E.I. duPont de Nemours Co. introduced Corfam. This hydrocarbon-based, synthetic substitute for leather was flexible, with tiny pores, for uses such as shoes, handbags, belts and suitcases. Shoes put on sale with Corfam uppers were supposed to give consumers the look, feel and durability of leather.
1964 - Bridget Fonda, was born, actress (Point of No Return, The Godfather, Part 3, Aria, 21 Jump Street); daughter of actor Peter Fonda and actress, Susan Brewer, granddaughter of actor, Henry Fonda, niece of actress, Jane Fonda.
1965 - Alan Cumming, was born, actor .
1966 -Muere la escritora Caterina Albert i Paradís (Víctor Català).
1967 - More than 60 nations sign the Outer Space Treaty banning nuclear weapons in space.
1967 - Edward White (b. 1930), Virgil "Gus" Grissom (b. 1926), and Roger Chaffee (b. 1935), die in a fire during a test of the capsule AS-204, which was later designated Apollo 1
1967 - URSS, Estados Unidos e Grã Bretanha firmam acordo em Moscou sobre o uso pacífico do espaço.
1968 - Mike Patton,was born, lead singer of several bands in USA .
1969 - 14 men, nine of them Jews, were executed in Baghdad for spying for Israel.
1971 - Jacobo Arbenz,dies, president of Guatemala (b. 1913) .
1971- Fann Wong, Chinese was born, actress, singer, model (Shanghai Knights) .
1972 - Richard Courant dies (b. 8 Jan 1888). German-born American mathematician and educator who made significant advances in the calculus of variations.
1973 - A cease-fire agreement signed in Paris brought an end to the US military role in Vietnam.
1974 - Chaminda Vaas,was born, cricketer, Sri Lanka .
1975 - Bill Walsh, dies,producer, writer (b. 1913) .
1978 - O político e escritor africano Leopold Sedar Senghor é reeleito presidente de Senegal.
1978 - Lt Marilyn R. Koon, 161st Aerial Refueling Squadron, Arizona Air National Guard, becomes first female Air National Guard Pilot.
1979 - Muere Victoria Ocampo (1891-1979) .
1980 -Robert Gabriel Mugabe returns to Rhodesia, after a five year exile, in preparation for the first elections in a soon to be independent Zimbabwe.
1980 - Born this day, Marat Safin, tennis player.
1981 - In Indonesia, 500 people died when the motor ferry Tampomas II sank in the Java Sea, following a fire.
1983 - Meyer Fortes dies (b. 25 Apr 1906). British social anthropologist known for his investigations of West African societies.
1983 -Desaparece el actor Louis de Funès.
1984 - Carl Lewis beats his own indoor world jumping record by 9-1/4 inches with a 28 feet, 10-1/4 inches jump.
1986 - Lilli Palmer, dies,actress .
1987 - Ashley Perez Moza, was born, Mexican singer (Ha*Ash) .
1988 - Fusión de los bancos Bilbao y Vizcaya.
1989 - Sir Thomas Octave Murdoch Sopwith dies, (b. 18 Jan 1888). British aircraft designer whose firm was famous for such British World War I military aircraft as the Sopwith Camel and Triplane.
1989 - El cohete europeo "Ariane", lanzado desde la base francesa de Kuru (Guayana), pone en órbita con éxito el satélite de comunicaciones Intelsat V F-15 (servicios de tv y telefonía).
1991 - Muhammad Siyad Barre flees his compound in Mogadishu. (Madagascar)
1991 - Super Bowl XXV: The New York Giants defeat the Buffalo Bills, 20-19.
1992 - Mike Tyson goes on trial charged with raping a 1991 Miss Black America contestant.
1992 - Allan Jones, dies, actor, singer (b. 1908)
1993 - André the Giant,dies, wrestler, actor (b. 1946) .
1994 - Claude Akins, dies,actor .
1994 - Former Prime Minister Bettino Craxi became the highest-ranking politician committed for trial in Italy's graft scandal.
1996 - Ralph Yarborough, dies, U.S. Senator and Texas politician (b. 1903)
1996 - Colonel Ibrahim Bare Mainassara deposes the first democratically elected President of Niger, Mahamane Ousmane, in a military coup.
1997 - It is revealed that French museums had nearly 2,000 pieces of art that were stolen by Nazis.
1998 - American First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton appears on the Today Show calling the attacks against her husband part of a "vast right-wing conspiracy."
1999 - Muere el escritor Gonzalo Torrente Ballester.
2001 - A chartered Beechcraft King Air 200 crashes after takeoff from Boulder, Colorado killing 10.
2002 - Several explosions at a military dump in Lagos, Nigeria kill more than 1,000.
2004 - William Hung auditioned for the American Idol.
2004 - Jack Paar dies (b. 1918). Television show host.