On this day in History - Oct. 30
- 0637 - Antioch surrendered to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge.
- 1218 - Emperor Chukyo was born (d. 1234). Emperor of Japan
- 1270 - The Eighth Crusade and siege of Tunis end by an agreement between Charles I of Sicily (brother to King Louis IX of France, who had died months earlier) and the sultan of Tunis.
- 1340 - Battle of Rio Salado (Ler em português)
- 1459 - Gian Francesco Poggio Bracciolini dies (b. 1380). Italian humanist
- 1502 - Vasco da Gama returns to Calicut for the second time.
- 1513 - Jacques Amyot was born (d. 1593). French writer.
- 1522 - Jean Mouton dies. French composer
- 1534 - The English parliament passed the Act of Supremacy, making King Henry VIII head of the English church.
- 1553 - Jacob Sturm von Sturmeck dies (b. 1489). German statesman and reformer.
- 1602 - Jean-Jacques Boissard dies (b. 1528). French poet.
- 1611 - King Charles IX of Sweden dies (b. 1550).
- 1624 - Paul Pellisson was born (d. 1693). French writer.
- 1626 - Willebrord Snell dies (b. 1580). Dutch astronomer and mathematician
- 1632 - Henri II de Montmorency dies (b. 1595). French naval officer and Governor of Languedoc
- 1654 - Emperor Go-Komyo of Japan dies (b. 1633).
- 1680 - Antoinette Bourignon dies (b. 1616). Flemish mystic.
- 1685 - Michel le Tellier dies (b. 1603). French statesman.
- 1700 - Gaspar Molina Rocha was born (d. 4 Dec 1760). Spanish bishop
- 1733 - Rodrigo Anes de Sá Almeida e Meneses dies (b. 19 Oct 1626). Portuguese noble. 1st Marquis of Abrantes.
- 1735 - John Adams was born (d. 1826). American revolutionary leader and President of the United States
- 1739 - Leonty Filippovich Magnitsky dies. Russian mathematicien.
- 1751 - Richard Sheridan was born (d. 1816). Irish playwright.
- 1762 - André Chénier was born (d. 1794). French writer.
- 1786 - Philippe-Joseph Aubert de Gaspé was born (d. 1871). French Canadian writer and politician
- 1799 - Ignace Bourget was born (d. 1885). Bishop of Montreal.
- 1809 - William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland dies (b. 1738). Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
- 1816 - Frederick I of Württemberg dies (b. 1754)
- 1817 - Hermann Franz Moritz Kopp was born (d. 20 Feb 1892). German chemist and historian of chemistry whose studies of the relation of physical properties to chemical structure pioneered physical organic chemistry.
- 1820 - Sir John William Dawson was born (d. 20 Nov 1899). Canadian geologist who made numerous contributions to paleobotany and extended the knowledge of Canadian geology.
- 1821 - Fyodor Dostoevsky was born (d. 1881). Russian writer.
- 1831 - In Southampton County, Virginia, escaped slave Nat Turner is captured and arrested for leading the bloodiest slave revolt in United States history.
- 1839 - Alfred Sisley was born (d. 1899). Landscape painter.
- 1842 - Allan Cunningham dies (b. 1784). Scottish poet and author.
- 1844 - Harvey W. Wiley was born (d. 1930). American chemist.
- 1847 - Galileo Ferraris was born (d. 1897). Italian physicist.
- 1853 - Pietro Raimondi dies (b. 1786). Italian composer.
- 1857 - Georges Gilles de la Tourette was born (d. 1904). French neurologist
- 1861 - Antoine Bourdelle was born (d. 1929). French sculptor.
- 1867 - Louis Winslow Austin was born (d. 27 Jun 1932). American physicist known for research on long-range radio transmissions. In 1904 he began work on radio transmissions for the U.S. Bureau of Standards.
- 1868 - António Cabreira was born in Tavira (d. 21 Nov 1953). Portuguese mathematician, journalist and publicist.
- 1871 - Paul Valery was born (d. 1945). French poet.
- 1871 - Buck Freeman was born (d. 1949). Baseball player.
- 1872 - John Chubb dies (b. 1816). English locksmith and safe maker.
- 1873 - Francisco I. Madero was born (d. 1913). President of Mexico (1911-1913)
- 1878 - Luís Guimarães Filho was born in Rio de Janeiro (d. 19 Apr. 1940). Brazilian poet and diplomat.
- 1881 - Elizabeth Madox Roberts was born (d. 1941). American poet and author.
- 1882 - Günther von Kluge was born (d. 1944). German field marshal.
- 1882 - William Halsey, Jr was born (d. 1959). American admiral.
- 1883 - Robert Volkmann dies (b. 1815). German composer.
- 1885 - Ezra Pound was born in Hailey, Idaho (d. 1972). American poet, critic and translator.
- 1886 - Zoe Akins was born (d. 1958). American playwright.
- 1888 - Konstantinos Tsiklitiras was born (d. 1913). Greek athlete and Olympic champion.
- 1891 - Alfredo Pedro de Meneses Guisado was born in Lisbon (d. 2 Dec 1975). Portuguese poet and journalist.
- 1893 - Charles Atlas was born (d. 1972). Italian-born bodybuilder
- 1893 - Roland Freisler was born (d. 1945). German Nazi politician
- 1893 - John Joseph Caldwell Abbott dies (b. 1821). Third Prime Minister of Canada
- 1894 - Domenico Menegatti obtains a patent for a procedure to be applied in producing pandoro industrially.
- 1894 - Jean Rostand was born (d. 1977). French biologist.
- 1894 - Honoré Mercier dies (b. 1840). Politician, Premier of Quebec.
- 1895 - Gerhard Domagk was born (d. 24 Apr 1964). German bacteriologist and pathologist who was awarded the 1939 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his discovery (announced in 1932) of the antibacterial effects of Prontosil, the first of the sulfonamide drugs.
- 1895 - Dickinson W. Richards was born (d. 23 Feb 1973). American physiologist who was one of three who shared the 1956 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system".
- 1895 - Raul de Leoni was born in Petrópolis RJ (d. 1926). Brazilian poet (Luz mediterrânea)
- 1896 - Ruth Gordon was born (d. 1985). American actress and playwright.
- 1896 - Kostas Karyotakis was born (d. 1928). Greek poet.
- 1897 - Rex Cherryman was born (d. 1928). American actor.
- 1898 - Bill Terry was born (d. 1989). Baseball player.
- 1899 - William Henry Webb dies (b. 1816). American industrialist and philanthropist.
- 1900 - Ragnar Granit was born (d. 1991). Finnish-born Swedish physiologist who was a corecipient (with George Wald and Haldan Hartline) of the 1967 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his analysis of the internal electrical changes that take place when the eye is exposed to light.
- 1905 - Tsar Nicholas II of Russia grants Russia's first constitution, creating a legislative assembly.
- 1906 - Alexander Gode was born (d. 1970). German-American linguist.
- 1906 - Giuseppe Farina was born (d. 1966). Italian race car driver.
- 1907 - Sol Tax was born (d. 4 Jan 1995). American cultural anthropologist, founder of the Current Anthropology journal and initiator of the Fox Project, a study of the culture of the Fox and Sauk Indians
- 1909 - Homi J. Bhabha was born (d. 1966). Indian nuclear scientist
- 1910 - Miguel Hernández was born (d. 1942). Spanish poet.
- 1910 - Henry Dunant dies (b. 1828). Swiss founder of the Red Cross, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.
- 1911 - Ruth Hussey was born (d. 2005). American actress
- 1912 - James S. Sherman dies (b. 1855). Vice President of the United States
- 1914 - Richard E Holz was born. American composer
- 1915 - Fred Friendly was born (d. 1998), American journalist and network executive.
- 1915 - Charles Tupper dies (b. 1821). Sixth Prime Minister of Canada
- 1916 - Leon Day was born (d. 1995). American baseball player.
- 1917 - Bobby Bragan was born. American baseball player.
- 1917 - Maurice Trintignant was born (d. 2005). French race car driver.
- 1917 - Nikolai Vasilievich Ogarkov was born (d. 1994). Soviet field marshal
- 1918 - The Ottoman Empire signs an armistice with the Allies, ending the First World War in the Middle East
- 1918 - Robert C. Seamans, Jr. was born. American aeronautical engineer who pioneered in the development of advanced systems of flight control, fire control, and guidance for modern aircraft.
- 1918 - Egon Schiele dies (b. 1890). Austrian painter
- 1918 - The Ottoman Empire signs an armistice with the Allies, ending the First World War in the Middle East
- 1920 - The Communist Party of Australia founded in Sydney.
- 1922 - Benito Mussolini was made Prime Minister of Italy
- 1923 - Andrew Bonar Law dies (b. 1858). Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
- 1925 - John Logie Baird creates Britain's first television transmitter.
- 1926 - Jacques Swaters was born. Belgian racing driver.
- 1927 - Joe Adcock was born (d. 1999). Major League Baseball player
- 1928 - Daniel Nathans was born (d. 1999). American microbiologist, corecipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1978 (with American Hamilton Othanel Smith and Swiss scientist Werner Arber).
- 1930 - Clifford Brown was born (d. 19456). Noted and highly influential American jazz trumpeter.
- 1930 - Nestor Almendros was born (d. 1992). Spanish cinematographer
- 1931 - Vince Callahan was born. Representative of the 34th district in the House of Delegates
- 1932 - Louis Malle was born (d. 1995). French film director
- 1934 - Frans Brüggen was born. Dutch flutist, recorder player, and conductor
- 1935 - Agota Kristof was born. Hungarian writer.
- 1935 - Michael Winner was born. British film director
- 1935 - Jim Perry was born. American baseball player
- 1935 - Robert Caro was born. American biographer
- 1936 - Polina Astakhova was born (d. 2005). Ukrainian gymnast
- 1937 - Claude Lelouch was born. French film director
- 1938 - Radio broadcast of The War of the Worlds starring Orson Welles, caused nationwide panic among listeners.
- 1939 - Grace Slick was born. American singer (Jefferson Airplane)
- 1939 - Leland H. Hartwell was born. American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- 1939 - Edward Holland, Jr. was born. American singer and songwriter
- 1940 - Ed Lauter was born. American actor
- 1941 - World War II: Franklin Delano Roosevelt approves US$1 billion in Lend-Lease aid to the Soviet Union.
- 1941 - 1.500 Jews from Pidhaytsi (in western Ukraine) were sent by Nazis to Belzec extermination camp.
- 1941 - Theodor W. Hänsch was born. German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1941 - Otis Williams was born. American singer
- 1942 - António de Morais Barreto was born. Portugueses politician and sociologist.
- 1942 - Francisco Xavier Ferreira Marques dies in Salvador (b. in Itaparica on 3 Dec 1861). Brazilian journalist, politician and poet.
- 1943 - Joanna Shimkus was born. Canadian actress.
- 1944 - Anne Frank is deported from Auschwitz to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.
- 1944 - Martha Graham's ballet Appalachian Spring, with music by Aaron Copland, premiered.
- 1945 - Henry Winkler was born. American actor
- 1945 - Ignacio Zuluaga dies (b. 1870). Spanish painter
- 1946 - William Paul Thurston was born. American mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1983 for his work in topology.
- 1947 - The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which is the foundation of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) is founded.
- 1947 - Timothy B. Schmit was born. American musician (Eagles)
- 1948 - Rusty Goffe was born. British actor.
- 1951 - Harry Hamlin was born. American actor
- 1953 - Cold War: US President Dwight D. Eisenhower formally approves the top secret document National Security Council Paper No. 162/2, which states that the United States' arsenal of nuclear weapons must be maintained and expanded to counter the communist threat.
- 1953 - Charles Martin Smith was born. American actor
- 1956 - Pio Baroja dies. Spanish writer.
- 1956 - Juliet Stevenson was born. English actress.
- 1957 - Kevin Pollak was born. American actor
- 1957 - Fred Beebe dies (b. 1880). Baseball player.
- 1958 - Joe Delaney was born (d. 1983). American football player.
- 1958 - Stefan Dennis was born. Australian actor
- 1959 - Jim Mollison dies. Scotish aviation pioneer.
- 1960 - Michael Woodruff performs the first successful kidney transplant in the United Kingdom at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary.
- 1960 - Diego Armando Maradona was born. Argentine football player.
- 1961 - Luigi Einaudi dies. Italian politician.
- 1961 - Nuclear testing: The Soviet Union detonates the hydrogen bomb Tsar Bomba over Novaya Zemlya; at 58 megatons of yield, it is still the largest nuclear device ever detonated. Nikita Kruschev announces that the scientists had planned to make it 100 megatons, but had reduced the yield so as to avoid breaking all the windows in Moscow.
- 1961 - Because of "violations of Lenin's precepts", it is decreed that Josef Stalin's body be removed from its place of honour inside Lenin's tomb and buried near the Kremlin wall with a plain granite marker instead.
- 1961 - Scott Garrelts was born. American baseball player.
- 1962 - Courtney Walsh was born. West Indian cricketer.
- 1963 - Kristina Wagner was born. American actress.
- 1964 - Howard Lederer was born. American poker player.
- 1965 - Vietnam War: Just miles from Da Nang, United States Marines repel an intense attack by wave after wave of Viet Cong forces, killing 56 guerrillas. Among the dead, a sketch of Marine positions was found on the body of a 13-year-old Vietnamese boy who sold drinks to the Marines the day before.
- 1965 - Gavin Rossdale was born. English musician
- 1966 - The Zodiac killer kills his first victim, 18-year old Cheri Jo Bates, in Riverside, California.
- 1966 - Geert Blanchard was born. Belgian ice skyier.
- 1966 - Scott Innes was born. American voice actor.
- 1966 - Yórgos Theotokás dies (b. 1906). Greek novelist.
- 1967 - Brad Aitken was born. Canadian ice hockey player.
- 1968 - The film The Lion in Winter, starring Katharine Hepburn, debuts.
- 1968 - Ramon Novarro dies (b. 1899). Mexican actor.
- 1968 - Rose Wilder Lane dies (b. 1886). American journalist and author.
- 1968 - Conrad Richter dies (b. 1890). American novelist and short story writer.
- 1969 - Masanori Hikichi was born. Japanese composer.
- 1969 - Pops Foster dies (b. 1892). American musician.
- 1970 - In Vietnam, the worst monsoon to hit the area in six years causes large floods, kills 293, leaves 200,000 homeless and virtually halts the Vietnam War.
- 1970 - Maja Tatic was born. Bosnia singer
- 1970 - Nia Long was born. American actress
- 1970 - Ekaterini Voggoli was born. Greek discus thrower
- 1971 - Ahn Jae Wook was born. South Korean actor and singer
- 1972 - US President Richard Nixon approves legislation to increase Social Security spending by US$5.3 billion.
- 1973 - The Bosporus Bridge in Istanbul, Turkey is completed, connecting the continents of Europe and Asia over the Bosporus for the first time in history.
- 1973 - Adam Copeland was born. Canadian professional wrestler
- 1973 - Silvia Corzo was born. Colombian newsreader
- 1974 - Muhammad Ali knocked out George Foreman in the eighth round of a 15-round bout in Kinshasa, Zaire ("rumble in the jungle") to regain his world heavyweight title.
- 1975 - Prince Juan Carlos becomes Spain's acting head of state, taking over for the country's ailing dictator, Gen. Francisco Franco.
- 1975 - Gustav Ludwig Hertz dies (b. 1887). German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1976 - Stern John was born. Trinidadian footballer
- 1976 - Maurice Taylor was born. American Basketball Player
- 1977 - Jason Adelman was born. American actor
- 1978 - Martin Dossett was born. American football player
- 1978 - Edgar Bergen dies (b. 1903). American ventriloquist.
- 1979 - Yukie Nakama was born. Japanese actress
- 1979 - Sir Barnes Wallis dies (b. 26 Sep 1887). British aeronautical designer and military engineer, famous for his "dambuster" bombs.
- 1979 - Donna Rachele Mussolini dies (b. 1890). Italian, wife of Benito Mussolini.
- 1980 - El Salvador and Honduras sign a peace treaty to put the border dispute fought over in 1969's Football War before the International Court of Justice.
- 1980 - Sarah Carter was born. Canadian actress
- 1980 - Choi Hong-man was born. South Korean kickboxer
- 1981 - Euthanasia chief jailed over suicides: The secretary of the UK's pro-euthanasia group Exit is sentenced to two and a half years for aiding and abetting suicide.
- 1981 - Ivanka Trump was born. American model, daughter of Donald Trump
- 1981 - Jun Ji-hyun was born. South Korean actress.
- 1981 - Ian Snell was born. American baseball player.
- 1982 - Andy Greene was born. American ice hockey player.
- 1982 - Manny Parra was born. American baseball player.
- 1983 - The first democratic elections in Argentina after seven years of military rule are held.
- 1983 - Iain Hume was born. Canadian football player
- 1984 - Eva Pigford was born. American model and actress
- 1984 - Pro-Solidarity priest is murdered: Father Jerzy Popieluszko, an outspoken supporter of Poland's banned trade union, is found dead 11 days after he was kidnapped.
- 1985 - The portuguese jesuits Silvio Moreira and João de Deus Kamtedza are killed in Mozambique
- 1985 - Space Shuttle Challenger lifts off for mission STS-61-A, its final successful mission.
- 1985 - Kirby Grant dies (b. 1911). American actor.
- 1988 - Philip Morris buys Kraft Foods for US$13.1 billion.
- 1988 - Ayrton Senna wins in Suzuka, Japan, his first Formula 1 World Championship.
- 1988 - T. Hee dies (b. 1911). American animator.
- 1989 - Nastia Liukin was born. American gymnast.
- 1989 - Adam Mitchell dies. Australian drummer.
- 1991 - The Madrid Conference for Middle East peace talks opens.
- 1993 - Paul Grégoire dies (b. 1911). Archbishop of Montreal.
- 1994 - José Evandro Pires de Carvalho (Evandro do Bandolim) dies (b. 1932). Brazilian musician.
- 1995 - Quebec sovereignists narrowly lose a referendum for a mandate to negotiate independence from Canada (vote was 50.6% to 49.4%).
- 1997 - British au pair Louise Woodward is found guilty of the baby-shaking death of 8-month-old Matthew Eappen.
- 1997 - Samuel Fuller dies (b. 1912). American film director.
- 1999 - Miss Saigon closes in London after 4264 performances.
- 2000 - Steve Allen dies (b. 1921). American comedian, TV host, author and composer.
- 2001 - George W. Bush throws out the first pitch at Game 3 of the World Series at Yankee Stadium, in what was intended to be a defiant gesture, coming just weeks after the Sept. 11 attacks.
- 2001 - Michael Jordan returns to the National Basketball Association with the Washington Wizards after 3 1/2 years (the Wizards lose 93-91 to the New York Knicks).
- 2002 - British Digital terrestrial television (DTT) Service Freeview starts transmitting throughout parts of the United Kingdom
- 2002 - Jam Master Jay dies murdered (b. 1965). American rapper and musician (Run DMC)
- 2002 - Juan Antonio Bardem dies (b. 1922). Spanish director and screenwriter.
- 2004 - In Punjab, India the expelled BSP leader Satnam Singh Kainth launches Bahujan Samaj Party (Kainth).
- 2004 - Peggy Ryan dies in Las Vegas. American actress-dancer.
- 2005 - The rebuilt Dresden Frauenkirche (destroyed in the firebombing of Dresden during World War II) is reconsecrated after a thirteen-year rebuilding project.
- 2005 - Al Lopez dies (b. 1908). Baseball player and manager.
- 2005 - Shamsher Singh Sheri dies (b. 1942). Indian communist leader.
- 2006 - Nothingandall (blog) reaches 500.000 visitors.
- 2006 - Junji Kinoshita dies (b. 1914). Japanese playwright.
- 2006 - Clifford Geertz dies (b. 1926). American anthropologist.
- Calendar of Saints - October 30th is the feast day of the following Roman Catholic Saints: Bl. Angelus of Acri, St. Alfonso Rodríguez, St. Arilda, St. Artemas, St. Dorothy of Montau, St. Herbert, Bl. John Slade, St. Macarius, St. Marcel, St. Maximus, St. Saturninus, St. Serapion, St. Talacrian, St. Theonestus, St. Zenobius & Zenobia
- International Orthopaedic Nurses Day
- USA - National Candy Corn Day
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