On this day in History - Apr 1

• 0527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.
• 1204 - Eleanor of Aquitaine, dies (b. c. 122). Wife of Henry II of England.
• 1389 - Pacto de no agresión entre la Confederación Suiza y Austria.
• 1431 - Portugal: D. Nuno Álvares Pereira ("O Santo Condestável") dies.
• 1578 - William Harvey was born (d. 1657). Physician, discovered blood circulation.
• 1618 - Jan Philips Righolz Conwemberg van Thielen Mechelen was born (d. 1667). Flemish painter, brother-in-law of Théodore Rombouts
• 1621 - Massasoit, chief of the Wampanoags, and John Carver, governor of Plymouth Colony, sign the first peace treaty between Native Americans and Pilgrims.
• 1621 - Cristofano Allori dies (b. 17 Oct 1577). Florentine painter.
• 1637 - Niwa Nagashige dies (b. 1571). Japanese daimyo and retainer.
• 1649 - fray Juan Bautista Maino (or Mayno) dies. Spanish Baroque painter, who studied under Caravaggio and El Greco.
• 1776 - Sophie Germain was born (d. 1831). Mathematician-
• 1778 - Oliver Pollock, a New Orleans businessman, created the "$" symbol.
• 1784 - Johannes Janson dies (b. 17 Apr 1729). Dutch artist.
• 1789 - In New York City, the United States House of Representatives holds its first quorum and elects Frederick Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania as its first House Speaker.
• 1793 - In Japan, the volcano Unsen erupted killing about 53,000.
• 1802 - Joseph-Siffrède Duplessis dies (b. 22 Sep 1725). French artist.
• 1815 - Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck was born in Schönhausen, Altmark, Prussia [now Germany] (d. 30 Jul 1878). Prusso-German statesman and chancellor of the German Empire.
• 1815 - Edward Clark was born (d. 1880). Governor of Texas.
• 1823 - Simon Bolivar Buckner Lieutenant General (Confederate Army), was born ( died in 1914).
• 1826 - Samuel Morey patents the internal combustion engine.
• 1831 - Samuel Albert (or Albrecht) Anker was born (d. 16 Jul 1910). Swiss painter and illustrator, specialized in Children.
• 1833 - El general mexicano Antonio López de Santa Anna se erige en presidente de la república.
• 1833 - Se inaugura la Parroquia de Nuestra Señora de Balvanera, en Buenos Aires.
• 1834 - James Fisk was born (d. 1872). Entrepreneur.
• 1839 - Nicolas-Didier Boguet, dies (b. 18 Feb 1755). French painter and draftsman.
• 1839 - Benjamin Pierce dies (b. 1757). Governor of New Hampshire.
• 1856 - Falleció en Buenos Aires, el General Eustaquio Díaz Vélez, patriota que fuera defensor de la Independencia Argentina, estadista y hacendado. Nació en Buenos Aires, el día 2 de Noviembre de 1782.
• 1856 - Charles Maurin was born (d. 22 Jul 1914). French painter and printmaker. Among his paintings are the Prelude to Lohengrin and Maternity.
• 1865 - American Civil War: Battle of Five Forks - In Petersburg, Virginia, Confederate General Robert E. Lee begins his final offensive.
• 1865 - Richard Zsigmondy was born. Chemist, Nobel Prize 1925.
• 1866 - Ferruccio Busoni was born (d. 1924). Pianist and composer.
• 1867 - Singapore becomes British crown colony.
• 1868 - Edmond Rostand was born in Marseille (d. 02 Dec 1918). French poet and dramatist, best-known from his play Cyrano de Bergerac.
• 1872 - Frederick Maurice dies (b. 1805). English theologian.
• 1873 - The British steamer SS Atlantic sinks off Nova Scotia killing 547.
• 1873 - Sergei Rachmaninoff was born (d. 1943). Composer, pianist, and conductor ( Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini).
• 1875 - Edgar Wallace was born (d. 1932). English playwright, novelist.
• 1878 - (Jean François) Eugène Gautier dies (b. 27 Feb 1822). French composer.
• 1883 - Lon Chaney, Sr., was born in Colorado Springs, Colorado.(d. 26 Aug1930). Actor. Due to his ability to portray an endless variety of characters throughout his career, he became known as "The Man of a Thousand Faces".
• 1885 - Wallace (Fitzgerald) Beery was born (d. 15 Apr 1949). Academy award- winning actor: (The Champ [1931-1932], Grand Hotel, We’re in the Navy Now, Treasure Island, The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, The Last of the Mohicans, China Seas) .
• 1888 - Alberto Vacarezza was born in Buenos Aires († 06 Aug 1959). Argentine playwriter.
• 1888 - Soccer team Sparta forms in Rotterdam.
• 1889 - Japón: fundación oficial de Yokohama.
• 1891 - The Wrigley Company is founded in Chicago, Illinois.
• 1891 - Painter Paul Gauguin [07 Jun 1848 – 08 May 1903] leaves Marseille for Tahiti.
• 1895 - Alberta Hunter was born (d. 1984). Singer.
• 1896 - Theodore Robinson US Impressionist painter born on 03 June 1852. He studied under Claude Monet .
• 1899 - Gustavs Celmins was born (d. 1968). Politician.
• 1901 - Whittaker Chambers was born (d. 1961). Hiss case witness.
• 1901 - El ingeniero James Gibb inventa el tenis de mesa o ping pong.
• 1908 - Se funda el club Los Forzosos de Almagro, que a mediados de 1909 se rebautizó San Lorenzo de Almagro.
• 1908 - Abraham Maslow was born (d. 1970). Psychologist.
• 1910 - Andreas Achenbach dies (b. 29 Sep 1815). German realist landscape painter.
• 1910 - Mikaïl Alexandrovitch Wrubel (or Wroubel), dies (b. 05 Mar 1856). Russian artist.
• 1910 - Dumitru Dan (Romania) completed a 62,137 mile (100,000 m) walk
• 1914 - Rube Waddell dies. Baseball Hall of Famer.
• 1915 - Otto Wilhelm Fischer was born. Actor .
• 1917 - Scott Joplin dies in a mental institution in New York City (b. 1868). Musician, composer .
• 1918 - Royal Air Force is formed with the amalgamation of the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS). The RAF took its place beside the British navy and army as a separate military service with its own ministry.
• 1920 - Toshirô Mifune was born (d. 1997). Actor.
• 1922 - William Manchester was born. Writer.
• 1922 - Emperor Karl (Franz Josef) of Austria dies (b. 1887) .
• 1923 - Primeira exibição pública de um filme sonoro, no Rialto Theather de Nova Iorque.
• 1924 - Adolf Hitler is sentenced to five years in jail for his participation in the "Beer Hall Putsch." However, he spends only nine months in jail, during which he wrote his famous book, Mein Kampf.
• 1924 - First revenue flight for Belgium's Sabena Airlines.
• 1924 - Brendan Byrne was born. Governor of New Jersey
• 1926 - Charles Bressler was born. American tenor.
• 1926 - Anne McCaffrey was born. American science fiction author.
• 1926 - Charles Angrand dies (b. 19 ou 29 Apr 1854). French Normand painter.
• 1928 - Jane Powell was born. Dancer, actress, singer .
• 1929 - Milan Kundera was born in Brno, Czechoslovakia. Writer (Unbearable Lightness of Being, L'art du Roman, Joke) .
• 1929 - Louie Marx introduced the Yo-Yo.
• 1930 - Estreia na Alemanha do filme "O anjo azul", dirigido por Joseph von Sternberg. Nele se estreia a actriz Marlene Dietrich.
• 1930 - Empress Zawditu of Ethiopia dies (b. 1876) .
• 1931 - Rolf Hochhuth was born. Writer .
• 1932 - Gordon Jump was born (d. 2003). Actor, "Maytag Repairman".
• 1932 - Debbie Reynolds, was born. Actress .
• 1933 - The recently elected Nazis under Julius Streicher organize a one-day boycott of all Jewish-owned businesses in Germany, ushering in the series of anti-Semitic acts that will be known as the Holocaust.
• 1934 - Bonnie and Clyde kill two young highway patrolmen near Grapevine, Texas.
• 1934 - Rod Kanehl was born (d. 2004). Major League Baseball player.
• 1934 - El sacerdote Juan Bosco - beatificado cinco años antes - es proclamado Santo de la Iglesia Católica.
• 1936 - Se realiza en Mendoza la primera Fiesta de la Vendimia.
• 1937 - Aden becomes a British crown colony. liza la guerra civil española y comienza la dictadura franquista.
• 1938 - Ali (Alice) MacGraw was born in Pound Ridge, New York, USA. Actress: ( Goodbye Columbus, Love Story, The Getaway, The Winds of War).
• 1939 - Espanha : Termina a Guerra Civil, com a tomada de Madrid pelas tropas de Franco. A Guerra tinha começado em 1936.
• 1940 - Wangari Maathai was born . Environmentalist, activist Nobel Prize for Peace em 2004.
• 1945 - World War II: Operation Iceberg - United States troops land on Okinawa in the last campaign of the war.
• 1946 - Aleutian Island earthquake: A 7.8 magnitude earthquake near the Aleutian Islands creates a tsunami that strikes the Hawaiian Islands killing 159 (mostly in Hilo, Hawaii).
• 1946 - Noah Beery dies . Actor.
• 1947 - King George II of Greece dies (b. 1890).
• 1948 - Cold War: Berlin Airlift - Military forces, under direction of the Soviet-controlled government in East Germany, set-up a land blockade of West Berlin.
• 1948 - Jimmy Cliff was born. Musician.
• 1949 - Gil Scott-Heron was born. Musician, composer.
• 1949 - Newfoundland becomes the tenth Province of Canada .
• 1949 - Chinese Civil War: Communist Party of China hold unsuccessful peace talks with the Kuomintang in Beijing, after three years of fighting.
• 1949 - Zsa Zsa Gabor and George Sanders got married.
• 1950 - Charles R. Drew dies (b. 1904). Physician.
• 1953 - Barry Sonnenfeld was born. Producer, director.
• 1954 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes the creation of the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado.
• 1955 - Ronnie Burk was born (d. 2003). Surrealist and AIDS activist.
• 1957 - La India adopta el sistema métrico decimal.
• 1959 - A Mauritânia adopta a sua bandeira.
• 1960 - The United States launches the first weather satellite, TIROS-1.
• 1960 - Lançamento do primeiro satélite meteorológico pelos Estados Unidos da América.
• 1962 - Manuel Monteiro was born. Portuguese politician well known for his role as CDS/PP member.
• 1965 - Muere la cosmetóloga y esthéticienne Helena Rubinstein.
• 1965 - Mark Jackson was born. Professional basketball player.
• 1966 - Flann O'Brien dies (b. 1911). Humorist.
• 1967- The UnitedStates Department of Transportation begins operation.
• 1968 - Lev Davidovich Landau dies (b. 1908). Russian physicist.
• 1969 - The Hawker Siddeley Harrier enters service with the RAF.
• 1970 - President Richard Nixon signs the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act into law banning cigarette advertisements in the United States starting on January 1, 1971.
• 1970 - American Motors introduces the Gremlin.
• 1970 - Sung Hi Lee was born in Seoul, South Korea. Atress.
• 1971 - Method Man was born. Musician.
• 1972 - The first major league baseball players strike in the U.S. begins.
• 1973 - Project Tiger, a tiger conservation project, is launched in the Corbett National Park, India.
• 1973 - In Britain, Value Added Tax (VAT) replaced Purchase Tax and Selective Employment Tax.
• 1975 - Magdalena Maleeva was born in Sofia Bulgaria, tennis star (1995 Chicago Moscow) .
• 1975 - Cambodia President Lon Nol flees for Red Khmer.
• 1976 - Apple Computer Company is formed by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak.
• 1976 - Clarence Seedorf Surinam/Dutch soccer player (Ajax, Real Madrid...)
• 1976 - Max Ernst dies (b. 02 Apr 1891). German /French Surrealist painter and sculptor.
• 1979 - Iran's government becomes Islamic Republic by a 98% vote, overthrowing the Shah officially.
• 1980 - Randy Orton was born. Professional wrestler.
• 1981- Theresa Sokyrka was born. Canadian Idol runner-up.
• 1982 - Miguel Espinosa Gironés dies. Spanish writer.
• 1984 - Marvin Gaye dies shot to death by his father (b. 1939). Singer.
• 1984 -Uruguay: cacerolada contra la dictadura militar.
• 1985 - David Lee Roth announces his departure from Van Halen.
• 1985 - The album "We Are the World" was released. Eight rock stars donated previously unreleased material for the LP.
• 1988 - Joe Besser dies. Actor, comedian; member of the Three Stooges
• 1991 - Martha Graham dies (b. 1894). Dancer, choreographer.
• 1993 - Alan Kulwicki dies (b. 1954). NASCAR driver, 1992 Winston Cup Champion.
• 1993 - Solly Zuckerman dies. South-African born British zoologist .
• 1994 - Robert Doisneau dies. French photographer.
• 1996 - University of Kentucky team wins NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship.
• 1996 - Alfredo Nobre da Costa morre (n. 1927). Primeiro Ministro de Portugal entre 28 Ago 1978 e 22 Nov 1978.
• 1996 - Mário Viegas morre em Lisboa, Portugal (nasceu em Santarém em 10 Novembro de 1948). Encenador. Actor. Declamador. Filmografia como actor, escritor compreende, designadamente Judeu, O (1996) ... aka The Jew (USA); Afirma Pereira (1996)... aka According to Pereira (USA) ; Fado Lusitano (1994) (voice) Narrator; A Divina Comédia (1991) .... aka The Divine Comedy ; Cornos de Cronos, Os (1991) ; A Mulher do Próximo (1988) ; Repórter X (1987) ; Sem Sombra de Pecado (1983) ; Kilas, o Mau da Fita (1981) ... aka The Killers (International: English title) ; Rei das Berlengas, O (1978); Funeral do Patrão, O (1975) ] .
• 1996 - Uma reorganização administrativa na Escócia institui as Autoridades Unitárias .
• 1998 - Rozz Williams dies (b. 1963). Member of Christian Death.
• 1999 - Nunavut is established as a Canadian territory carved from the eastern part of the Northwest Territories.
• 2000 - Bob and George, a webcomic, appears on the Internet.
• 2001 - An EP-3E United States Navy plane collides with a Chinese People's Liberation Army fighter jet. The Navy crew makes an emergency landing in Hainan, People's Republic of China and is detained.
• 2001 - Former president of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Slobodan Milosevic surrenders to police special forces, to be tried on charges of war crimes.
• 2001 - The first legal same-sex marriage in the Netherlands is celebrated.
• 2002 - The Netherlands legalizes euthanasia, becoming the only nation in the world to do so.
• 2003 - In Sturgis, Michigan, seven men place signs around town reading "All your base are belong to us," based on the popular mistranslation from the Japanese video game Zero Wing.
• 2003 - Leslie Cheung dies (b. 1956). Actor.
• 2003 - Hyosuke Kujiraoka dies. Former vice speaker of the House of Representatives .
• 2003 - Jessica Lynch was rescued by U.S. commandos in a raid on an Iraqi hospital.
• 2004 - George W. Bush signs the Unborn Victims of Violence Act, which makes an attack that leads to the death of a mother and her unborn child two criminal charges.
• 2004 - The first legal same-sex marriage in the Canadian province of Quebec: Michael Hendricks and René Leboeuf wed in Montreal.
• April 1 is known as April Fool's Day in many countries. Dia da mentira.