On this day in History - Jan. 31
- 0743 - Muhammad al-Baqir dies (b. 0676). Shia Imam.
- 1338 - King Charles V of France (d. 1380).
- 1398 - Emperor Suko of Japan dies (b. 1334)
- 1435 - Xuande dies (b. 1398). Emperor of China
- 1512 - King Henry of Portugal was born (d. 1580)/ Nascimento do Cardeal-rei Henrique I de Portugal.
- 1542 - Descoberta das Cataratas do Iguaçu, por Dom Alvar Nuñes Cabeza de Vaca.
- 1543 - Tokugawa Ieyasu was born (d. 1616). Shogun of Japan.
- 1550 - Henry I, Duke of Guise was born (d. 1588). French Catholic leader.
- 1558 - Descubrimiento de la Isla Grande de Chiloé en Chile, por una expedición española integrada por Alonso de Ercilla .
- 1561 - Bairam Khan dies. Great Mughal General, regent for Akbar
- 1561 - Menno Simons dies (b. 1496). Dutch Mennonite leader.
- 1580 - King Henry of Portugal dies on the day of his 68th birthday (b. 1512)/ Cardeal-rei Henrique I de Portugal faleceu no dia do 68º. aniversário.
- 1597 - John Regis was born (d. 1640). French saint.
- 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes (b. 1570), Ambrose Rokewood and Thomas Wintour (b. 1571) are executed for his plotting against Parliament and James I of England.
- 1615 - Claudio Aquaviva dies (b. 1543). Italian Jesuit.
- 1624 - Arnold Geulincx was born (d. 1669). Flemish philosopher.
- 1632 - Joost Bürgi dies (b. 1552). Swiss clockmaker and mathematician.
- 1665 - Johannes Clauberg dies (b. 1622). German theologian and philsopher.
- 1673 - Louis de Montfort was born (d. 1716). French catholic priest and saint.
- 1676 - Se funda en Guatemala de la Real Universidad de San Carlos.
- 1686 - Hans Egede was born (d. 1758). Norwegian Lutheran missionary.
- 1686 - Jean Mairet dies (b. 1604). French dramatist.
- 1720 - Thomas Grey, 2nd Earl of Stamford dies. English privy councilor.
- 1729 - Jakob Roggeveen dies (b. 1659). Dutch explorer.
- 1736 - Bruno Mauricio de Zabala dies. Founder of Montevideo (Uruguay).
- 1736 - Filippo Juvara dies (b. 1678). Italian architect.
- 1747 - The first venereal diseases clinic opens at London Dock Hospital.
- 1752 - Gouverneur Morris was born (d. 1816). Lawmaker and diplomat.
- 1759 - François Devienne was born (d. 1803). French composer.
- 1788 - Charles Edward Stuart dies (b. 1720). Pretender to the British throne.
- 1790 - Thomas Lewis dies (b. 1718). Irish-born Virginia settler.
- 1794 - Marriott Arbuthnot dies (b. 1711). British admiral.
- 1797 - Franz Schubert was born (d. 1828). Austrian Composer. One of the most gifted musicians of the 19th cent.
- 1814 - Gervasio Antonio de Posadas becomes Supreme Director of Argentina.
- 1815 - José Félix Ribas dies (b. 1775). Venezuelan independentist leader.
- 1841 - Se constituye la República de El Salvador, al disolverse la Federación de las Provincias Unidas de Centroamérica.
- 1841 - Sam Loyd was born (d. 10 Apr 1911). Samuel Loyd was an American puzzlemaker who was best known for composing chess problems and games, including Parcheesi, in addition to other mathematically based games and puzzles.
- 1844 - Henri Gratien, Comte Bertrand dies (b. 1773). French general.
- 1849 - Corn Laws abolished in the United Kingdom.
- 1851 - David Spangler Kaufman dies (b. 1813). American politician.
- 1865 - The House of Representatives approved the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which abolished slavery in the United States.
- 1866 - Lev Shestov was born (d. 1938). Russian philosopher.
- 1868 - Theodore William Richards was born (d. 1928). American chemist, Nobel Prize for Chemics laureate in 1914.
- 1872 - Zane Grey was born born in Zanesville, Ohio. Prolific American writer and pioneer of Western as a new literary genre .
- 1876 - The United States orders all Native Americans to move into reservations.
- 1881 - Irving Langmuir was born (d. 1957). American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate.
- 1881 - Joseph Augustine Cushman was born (d. 16 April 1949). U.S. paleontologist and geologist known for his work on paleoecology as shown by Foraminifera (marine protozoans). He was the most well-known foraminiferologist of his time.
- 1882 - Anna Pavlova was born in St. Petersburg [Feb. 12, New Style] (d. 23 Jan. 23). Russian ballerine. The most celebrated dancer of her time.
- 1884 - Theodor Heuss was born (d. 1963). German politician and publicist.
- 1888 - John Bosco dies (b. 1815). Italian priest, youth worker, educator, founder of the Salesian Society / Dom João Bosco, faleceu em Turim (n. 16 Ago 1815). Religioso, educador e escritor italiano. Criou a ordem dos Salesianos em Turim no ano de 1859, com 22 outros religiosos. Foi canonizado em 1 de Abril de 1934.
- 1889 - Frank Foster was born (d. 1958). English cricketer.
- 1891 - Luís de Montalvor (Luís Felipe de Saldanha da Gama da Silva Ramos) was born in S. Vincent, Cape Vert (d. 2 Mar 1947, in Lisbon). Portuguese poet and editor.
- 1890 - Revolta republicana no Porto, primeira tentativa de derrube da monarquia.
- 1892 - Eddie Cantor was born (d. 1964). American actor and singer.
- 1892 - Charles Spurgeon dies (b. 1834). English preacher and evangelist.
- 1894 - Isham Jones was born (d. 1956). American jazz musician.
- 1896 - Sofya Yanovskaya was born (d. 1966). Russian mathematician.
- 1900 - Datu Muhammad Salleh is shot dead in Kampung Teboh, Tambuan, ending the Mat Salleh Rebellion
- 1901 - Marie Luise Kaschnitz was born in Karlsruhe (d. 10 Oct 1974 in Rome). German writer.
- 1902 - Alva Myrdal was born (d. 1986). Swedish politician , diplomat, and writer, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.
- 1902 - Julian H. Steward was born (d. 6 Feb 1972). American anthropologist best known as one of the leading neoevolutionists of the mid-20th century and as the founder of the theory of cultural ecology
- 1902 - Tallulah Bankhead was born (d. 1968). American actress.
- 1905 - John O'Hara was born (d. 1970). American novelist and short-story writer.
- 1907 - Timothy Eaton dies (b. 1834). Canadian department store founder.
- 1908 - Roberto Chavero ("Atahualpa Yupanqui") was born. Argentine singer and guitarist.
- 1910 - F. Castro Soromenho was born in Vila de Chinde. Mozambican journalist and writer.
- 1913 - Don Hutson was born (d. 1997). American football player.
- 1914 - Carey Loftin was born (d. 1977). American actor and stuntman.
- 1914 - Sri Daya Mata was born. Hindu religious figure.
- 1914 - Jersey Joe Walcott was born (d. 1994). American boxer.
- 1915 - Alan Lomax was born (d. 2002). American singer and musicologist.
- 1915 - Thomas Merton was born (d. 1968). American monk and author.
- 1915 - Garry Moore was born (d. 1993). American comedian and game show host.
- 1917 - World War I: Germany announces its U-boats will engage in unrestricted submarine warfare.
- 1917 - Los científicos alemanes Otto Hahn y Lise Meitner descubren el protactinio, elemento radiactivo
- 1918 - A Alemanha realiza um ataque aéreo a Paris, soltando 14 mil bombas sobre a cidade.
- 1918 - A series of accidental collisions on a misty Scottish night leads to the loss of two Royal Navy submarines with over a hundred lives, and damage to another five British warships.
- 1919 - 1919 Battle of George Square
- 1919 - Jackie Robinson was born (d. 1972). Baseball player.
- 1921 - John Agar was born (d. 2002). American actor.
- 1921 - Carol Channing was born. American actress.
- 1921 - E. Fay Jones was born. American architect.
- 1921 - Mario Lanza (Alfredo Cocozza Lanza) was born (d. 1959). Operatic singer, actor .
- 1922 - Joanne Dru was born (d. 1996). American actress.
- 1923 - Norman Mailer was born. American writer and journalist
- 1923 - Carol Channing was born in Seattle, Washington. American comedienne and singer.
- 1923 - Eligiusz Niewiadomski dies (b. 1869). Assassin of Gabriel Narutowicz.
- 1925 - Ajmed Zogu is elected President of Albania.
- 1925 - Benjamin Hooks was born. American head of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
- 1928 - Chuck Willis was born (d. 1958). American singer and songwriter.
- 1929 - Jean Simmons was born. British actress.
- 1929 - Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer was born. German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate in 1961, with Robert Hofstadter of the United States, for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma-rays and his discovery in this connection of the Mössbauer effect.
- 1929 - The Soviet Union exiles Leon Trotsky.
- 1930 - Lynn Carlin was born. American actress
- 1931 - Ernie Banks was born. Baseball player.
- 1933 - Camille Henry was born (d. 1997). National Hockey League player.
- 1933 - John Galsworthy dies (b. 1867). English writer Nobel Prize for Literature in 1932.
- 1934 - James Franciscus was born (d. 1991). American actor.
- 1934 - Bob Turner was born. National Hockey League defenceman
- 1935 - Kenzaburo Oe was born. Japanese writer, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1936 - The Green Hornet radio show debuts.
- 1937 - Philip Glass was born. American composer
- 1937 - Suzanne Pleshette was born. American actress.
- 1938 - Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands was born.
- 1938 - James G. Watt was born. American politician.
- 1938 - Constitui-se oficialmente em Burgos o primeiro governo espanhol presidido pelo general Franco, que substitui a Junta Técnica do Estado.
- 1941 - Layforce set sail.
- 1941 - Jessica Walter was born. American actress.
- 1941 - Richard A. "Dick" Gephardt was born. American politician.
- 1941 - Charles V. Chapin dies (b. 17 Jan 1856). American physician and epidemiologist who, with Gardner T. Swarts, established the first municipal bacteriological laboratory in the U.S. (1888) in Providence, Rhode Island.
- 1942 - Daniela Bianchi was born. Italian actress.
- 1942 - Derek Jarman was born (d. 1994). American director and writer.
- 1943 - As forças militares alemãs cercadas em Stalinegrado rendem-se ao exército soviético. Durante a Batalha de Stalingrado 160.000 alemães morreram e 90.000 foram feitos prisioneiros, incluindo o marechal de campo von Paulus, o primeiro marechal alemão a render-se.
- 1944 - World War II: American forces land on Kwajalein Atoll and other islands in the Japanese-held Marshall Islands.
- 1944 - Jean Giraudoux dies (b. 1882). French writer.
- 1944 - Charlie Musselwhite was born. American musician.
- 1945 - Joseph Kosuth was born. American conceptual artist.
- 1945 - Eddie Slovik is executed, the first American soldier since the Civil War to be executed for desertion.
- 1946 - Yugoslavia's new constitution, modeling the Soviet Union, establishes six constituent republics (Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia).
- 1946 - Terry Kath was born (d. 1978). American musician.
- 1947 - Jonathan Banks was born. American actor.
- 1947 - Nolan Ryan was born. Baseball player.
- 1948 - Muneo Suzuki was born. Japanese politician.
- 1949 - Ken Wilber was born. American philosopher.
- 1950 - Alexander Korzhakov was born. Boris Yeltsin's bodyguard.
- 1951 - Harry Wayne Casey was born. American singer and musician (KC and the Sunshine Band).
- 1951 - Dave Benton was born. Aruban-born singer
- 1952 - Nadya Rusheva was born (d. 1969). Russian painter.
- 1953 - A flood causes over 1,800 deaths in the Netherlands.
- 1954 - Adrian Vandenberg was born. Dutch musician (Whitesnake)
- 1954 - Edwin Howard Armstrong dies (b. 1890). American electrical engineer and inventor of the FM radio.
- 1955 - John Mott dies (b. 1865). American YMCA leader, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
- 1956 - A. A. Milne dies (b. 1882). English author.
- 1956 - Johnny Rotten was born. British singer (Sex Pistols)
- 1957 - Three students on a junior high school playground in Pacoima, California are among the eight persons killed following the mid-air collision between a Douglas DC-7 airliner and a Northrop F-89 Scorpion fighter jet above the San Fernando Valley section of Los Angeles.
- 1958 - The first successful American satellite, Explorer I, is launched into orbit.
- 1958 - James Van Allen discovers the Van Allen radiation belt.
- 1959 - Anthony LaPaglia was born. Australian actor.
- 1959 - Kelly Lynch was born. American actress.
- 1959 - Kelly Moore was born. American stock car driver
- 1960 - Grant Morrison was born. British comic book author and chaos magician
- 1961 - Lloyd Cole was born. British singer and songwriter
- 1961 - Ham the Chimp travels into outer space. The U.S. launched a 4-year-old male chimpanzee named Ham on a Mercury-Redstone 2 rocket into suborbital flight to test the capabilities of the Mercury capsule.
- 1961 - Jânio Quadros, tendo como vice João Goulart, foi empossado presidente do Brasil ao ser eleito com 48% dos votos da população.
- 1962 - Cuba es expulsada de la Organización de Estados Americanos.
- 1964 - Jeff Hanneman was born. American guitarist (Slayer)
- 1964 - Billey Shamrock was born. Swedish singer and songwriter.
- 1964 - Sylvie Bernier was born. Quebec olympic diver
- 1966 - GeneralArthur Ernest Percival dies (b. 1887). British Army Officer.
- 1966 - Dirk Brouwer dies (b. 1 Sep 1902). Dutch-born U.S. astronomer and geophysicist known for his achievements in celestial mechanics, especially for his pioneering application of high-speed digital computers for astronomical computations.
- 1967 - Fat Mike was born. American musician
- 1967 - Eddie Tolan dies (b. 1908). American athlete.
- 1968 - Mauritius breaks from Britain after days of rioting (Independence is officially achieved on 12 March 1968.)
- 1969 - A Saskatchewan Court convicts 17 year old hippie, David Milgaard of murder; he is sentenced to life in prison. He spent 23 years in jail until April 14, 1992 when DNA evidence proves him innocent of all charges.
- 1970 - Minnie Driver was born. British actress.
- 1970 - Slim Harpo dies (b. 1924). American singer.
- 1971 - Patrick Kielty was born. Northern Irish comedian and television presenter.
- 1971 - Lee Young Ae was born. South Korean actress
- 1971 - The Winter Soldier Investigation, organized by the Vietnam Veterans Against the War to publicize war crimes and atrocities by Americans and allies in Vietnam, begin in Detroit, Michigan.
- 1973 - Portia de Rossi was born. Australian actress
- 1973 - Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch dies (b. 1895). Norwegian economist, Bank of Sweden Prize winner.
- 1974 - Wil Anderson was born. Australian comedian.
- 1974 - Samuel Goldwyn dies (b. 1882). American film studio executive.
- 1975 - Preity Zinta was born. Indian actress.
- 1975 - Jackie O was born. Australian radio host.
- 1976 - Buddy Rice was born. American race car driver.
- 1976 - Ernesto Miranda dies (b. 1941). American litigant.
- 1976 - Buddy Rice was born. American race car driver.
- 1977 - Jim Kleinsasser was born. American football player.
- 1977 - Mark Dutiaume was born. Canadian ice hockey player.
- 1977 - Kerry Washington was born. American actress.
- 1978 - Ray Shah was born. Irish DJ, TV, radio presenter.
- 1980 - Tiffany Limos was born. American actress.
- 1981 - Justin Timberlake was born. American singer.
- 1981 - Cozy Cole dies (b. 1909). American jazz drummer.
- 1982 - Andreas Görlitz was born. German footballer.
- 1982 - Brad Thompson was born. American baseball player
- 1982 - Jānis Sprukts was born. Latvian ice hockey player
- 1982 - Bruno Nogueira was born. Portuguese presenter and comedian.
- 1982 - Helena Paparizou was born. Greek singer.
- 1982 - Inocêncio Romeiro Enes dies (b. 1892). Portuguese (Azorian) religious
- 1987 - Yves Allégret dues (b. 1907). French film director.
- 1988 - Super Bowl XXII: The Washington Redskins win their second championship of the 1980s, 42-10.
- 1988 - In Aveiro (Portugal), Diogo Freitas do Amaral is elected President of CDS (Center Democratic and Social) during the VIII Congress of the party.
- 1989 - Fernando Namora dies (b. 15 Apr 1919). Portuguese writer /Fernando Namora morre em Lisboa (n. 15 Abr 1919 em Condeixa-a-Nova). Médico e escritor português era até então o autor português mais traduzido em todo o mundo. Em Condeixa foi criada a Casa Museu Fernando Namora. Casa da Malta (1945), Minas de S. Francisco (1946), Retalhos da Vida de um Médico (1949-1963, em dois volumes), Domingo à Tarde (1961), Rio Triste (1982) e Sentados na Relva (1986).
- 1990 - The first McDonald's opens in Moscow, Russia.
- 1990 - Rashad Khalifa dies stabbed (b. 1935). Egyptian-born imam.
- 1990 - Salvador Barata Feyo dies (b. 5 Dec 1899 in Moçamedes, Mozambique). Portuguese sculptor, essayst and pedagogue.
- 1991 - Márcio Mello dies (b. 1906). Brazilian politician.
- 1992 - Willie Dixon dies (b. 1915). American musician.
- 1994 - Um incêndio destrói o Grande Teatro de Liceo, de Barcelona, construído em 1847.
- 1995 - George Abbott dies (b. 1887). American director and producer on Broadway
- 1995 - Dragon Ball Z ends its run in Japan.
- 1995 - George Robert Stibitz dies (b. 30 April 1904). U.S. mathematician who was regarded by many as the "father of the modern digital computer."
- 1997 - John Joseph Scanlan dies (b. 1930). Irish Catholic prelate.
- 1999 - Norm Zauchin dies (b. 1929). Baseball player.
- 2000 - Gil Kane dies (b. 1926). Latvian-born comic book writer.
- 2000 - An Alaska Airlines MD-83 crashes in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Malibu, California killing 131.
- 2001 - In the Netherlands a Scottish court convicts a Libyan and acquits another for their part in the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 which crash into Lockerbie, Scotland in 1988.
- 2001 - Gordon R. Dickson dies (b. 1923). Canadian writer.
- 2002 - A large section of the Antarctic Larsen Ice Shelf begins disintegrating, eventually consuming about 3,250 km² (1,254 miles²) over a 35-day period.
- 2003 - Waterfall train disaster, NSW, Australia.
- 2004 - Mystery Science Theater 3000 ends its run on the Sci-Fi Channel.
- 2004 - Eleanor Holm dies (b. 1913). American swimmer.
- 2005 - The child molestation trial of superstar Michael Jackson begins in California.
- 2006 - Samuel A. Alito Jr. assumes office as the 110th Supreme Court justice of the United States.
- 2006 - Moira Shearer dies (b. 1926). Scottish actress (The Red Shoes) and ballerina.
- Catholicism - Feast day of St. John Bosco, Saint Pedro Nolasco, Saint Marcella, Saint Geminianus, Blessed Ludovica
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