On this day in History - Apr. 28

• 1253 - Nichiren, a Japanese Buddhist monk, propounds Nam Myoho Renge Kyo for the first time and declares it to be the essence of Buddhism, in effect founding Nichiren Buddhism.
• 1442 - King Edward IV of England was born (d. 1483) .
• 1526 - O famoso padre e escritor Francisco Álvares, deixa Maçuá, nas Terras do Preste João.
• 1669 - Canonização de Santa Maria Magdalena de Pazzi (02 Abr 1566 - 25 Mai 1607) .
• 1753 - Franz Karl Achard was born (d. 20 Apr 1821). German chemist who invented a process for the large-scale extraction of table sugar (sucrose) from beets, and in 1801, opened the first sugar-beet factory, in Silesia (now Poland).
• 1758 - James Monroe was born born in Westmoreland County, Va. (d. 1831). 5th President of the United States.
• 1764 - Marie Joseph Chenier was born. French poet and dramatist.
• 1765 - Sylvestre François Lacroix was born. French mathematicien.
• 1772 - Johann Friedrich Struensee dies (b. 1737). Royal physician of Christian VII of Denmark.
• 1774 - Francis Baily was born (d. 30 Aug 1844). English astronomer who detected the phenomenon called "Baily's beads" during an annular eclipse of the Sun on 15 May 1836.
• 1788 - Maryland becomes the 7th state to ratify the Constitution of the United States.
• 1789 - Mutiny on the HMAV Bounty. Captain William Bligh and 18 sailors set adrift and rebel crew sets sail for Pitcairn Island.
• 1799 - François Giroust dies. French composer.
• 1807 - Jacob Philipp Hackert dies (b. 15 Sep 1737). German painter, specialized in Landscapes.
• 1810 - Daniel Ullmann was born (d. 1892). General.
• 1813 - Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov dies (b. 1745). Russian field marshal.
• 1819 - Ezra Abbot, was born (d. 1884). American bible scholar.
• 1831 - Peter Guthrie Tait was born (d. 4 Jul 1901). Scottish physicist and mathematician who helped develop quaternions, an advanced algebra that gave rise to vector analysis and was instrumental in the development of modern mathematical physics.
• 1838 - Nascimento de Tobias Asser - Prémio Nobel da Paz- 1911 (m.29 Jul 1913).
• 1842 - Sir Charles Bell dies (b. Nov 1774). Scottish anatomist whose New Idea of Anatomy of the Brain (1811) has been called the "Magna Carta of neurology."
• 1846 - Jöns Oskar Backlund was born (29 Aug 1916). Swedish astronomer.
• 1853 - Ludwig Tieck, dies (b. 1773). German writer.
• 1854 - José Malhoa was born in Caldas da Rainha (d. 26 Oct 1933). Portuguese painter.
• 1857 - Alberto de Oliveira was born at Palmital de Saquarema, Rio de Janeiro (d. 19 Jan 1937). Brazilian poet.
• 1858 - Johannes Peter Müller dies (b. 14 Jul 1801). German physiologist and anatomist, one of the greatest of 19th century who, with Magendie, is credited for establishing the science of physiology in its modern form.
• 1862 - American Civil War: Admiral David Farragut captures New Orleans, Louisiana.
• 1864 - Zinovios Valvis assume (pela 2º vez) o cargo de primeiro-ministro da Grécia.
• 1865 - Vital Brazil was born (d. 08 May 1950). Brazilian phisician and scientist
• 1874 - Karl Kraus was born (d. 1936). Journalist and author.
• 1878 - Lionel Barrymore was born (d. 15 Nov 1954). Academy Award-winning actor: A Free Soul [1930-31]; Dr. Kildare, Camille, Captains Courageous, Duel in the Sun, It’s a Wonderful Life, Key Largo, The Little Colonel .
• 1879 - Edgard Tytgat, was born. Painter, printmaker, and writer, who sprouted in Brussels, where died on 10 Jan 1957.
• 1882 - Alberto Pirelli, was born. Italian industrialist.
• 1884 - James Henry Neel Reed, known as Henry Reed, was born in Appalachian Mountains of Monroe County, West Virginia. Reed was a master fiddler, banjoist, and harmonica player whose amazing repertoire consisted of hundreds of tunes, as well as multiple performance styles.
• 1886 - Ğabdulla Tuqay was born (d. 1913). Poet.
• 1886 - Inauguração do monumento aos Restauradores de 1640, no começo da Avenida da Liberdade, em Lisboa, actual Praça dos Restauradores.
• 1889 - António de Oliveira Salazar was born at Vimeiro, Santa Comba Dão (d. 1970). Premier, dictator of Portugal (1932-68).
• 1896 - Charlie Rivel was born (d. 1983). Clown.
• 1900 - Bruno Apitz was born (d. 1979). German author.
• 1900 - Maurice Thorez was born. French comunist leader.
• 1900 - Jan Hendrik Oort was born (d. 5 Nov 1992). Dutch physicist and astronomer who was one of the most important figures in 20th-century efforts to understand the nature of the Milky Way Galaxy, who measured the rotation of the earth's galaxy and hypothesized an "Oort Cloud."
• 1902 - Johan Borgen was born. Norwegian writer .
• 1903 - Josiah Willard Gibbs dies (b. 11 Feb 1839) . Theoretical physicist and chemist who was one of the greatest scientists in the U.S. in the 19th century. His application of thermodynamic theory converted a large part of physical chemistry from an empirical into a deductive science
• 1905 - Fitzhugh Lee, dies. Confederate general.
• 1905 - Arthur Fitzwilliam Tait, dies (b. 05 Aug 1819). English /US painter, specialized in Animals.
• 1906 - Kurt Gödel, was born (d. 14 Jan 1978). Austrian-born US mathematician, logicien and author of Gödel's proof. He is best known for his proof of Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems (1931).
• 1906 - Bart J. Bok was born (d. 7 Aug 1983). Bok was an astronomer, expert on the Milky Way Galaxy and for his study of "Bok globules," small dark clouds observable against the background of bright nebulae
• 1908 - Oskar Schindler, was born (d. 1974). Businessman.
• 1910- Theodore Brown Rasmussen was born in Provo, Utah (d. 23 Jan 2002). American neurologist.
• 1910 - Edouard (Joseph Loius-Marie) van Beneden dies (b. 5 Mar 1846). Belgian embryologist and cytologist best known for his discoveries concerning fertilization in sex cells and chromosome numbers in body cells.
• 1910 - Francisco Keil do Amaral was born. Portuguese architect.
• 1915 - Salvador Viniegra y Lasso, dies (b. 23 Nov 1862). Spanish artist. O governo português atribuiu-lhe o colar e placa da ordem de Santiago.
• 1916 - Ferruccio Lamborghini was born (d. 20 Feb 1993). Italian industrialist who founded a luxury car company that produced some of the fastest, most expensive, and sought-after sports cars in the world.
• 1918 - Sidónio Pais is elected President of Portugal.
• 1919 - The first jump with the Army manually operated army parachute was made by Leslie LeRoy Irvin in Dayton, Ohio
• 1920 - Azerbaijan is added to the Soviet Union.
• 1923 - Horst-Eberhard Richter was born. Psychoanalyst.
• 1923 - Inauguração do Estádio de Wembley com a disputa da Final da Taça de Inglaterra : Bolton 2-0 West Ham. O avançado David Jack apontoui o primeiro golo logo aos 2 minutos.
• 1923 - Maria Madalena Perdigão was born. Portuguese cultural animator.
• 1926 - Harper Lee was born. American writer (To Kill a Mockingbird - 1960)
• 1929 - Fundación del Club Emelec (Empresa de Electricidad) de Guayaquil, Ecuador.
• 1926 - Harper Lee was born. Author.
• 1926 - Zip the Pinhead [William Henry Jonhson] dies (b. 1857).
• 1928 - Yves Klein was born (d. 1962). Painter.
• 1928 - Eugene M. Shoemaker was born (d. 1997). Planetary scientist.
• 1928 - É fundada a Escola de Samba da Mangueira (Brasil).
• 1930 - James Baker was born. American politician.
• 1930 - The first night game in organized baseball history takes place in Independence, Kansas.
• 1932 - A vaccine for yellow fever is announced for use on humans.
• 1935 - O Metro de Moscovo é inaugurado - Moscow underground opens (81 km long).
• 1937 - The Museum of Costume Arts opens in New York City.
• 1937 - Saddam Hussein was born. Former leader of Iraq.
• 1937 - The first animated-cartoon electric sign was displayed on a building on Broadway in New York City. The sign was the creation of Douglas Leigh. It consisted of several thousand light bulbs and presented a four-minute show that featured a cavorting horse and ball-tossing cats.
• 1938 - Madge Sinclair was born (d. 20 Dec 1995). Emmy Award-winning actress. [ Gabriel’s Fire [1990-91], Trapper John M.D., Roots, Ohara, Me and the Boys, Grandpa Goes to Washington, A Century of Women, The End of Innocence, Coming to America, Convoy, Conrack] .
• 1941 - Ann-Margret was born in Valsjobya Sweden. Actress: Carnal Knowledge, Tommy, Viva Las Vegas, Grumpy Old Men, Grumpier Old Men, Bye, Bye, Birdie, Scarlett; singer: I Just Don’t Understand.
• 1945 - Benito Mussolini and his mistress Clara Petacci are shot dead by members of the Italian resistance movement while trying to flee Italy.
• 1947 - Thor Heyerdahl and five crewmates set out from Peru on the Kon-Tiki to prove that Peruvian natives could have settled Polynesia.
• 1948 - Terry Pratchett was born. Author.
• 1950 - Jay Leno was born. Comedian. Talk-show host.
• 1952 - Dwight D. Eisenhower resigns as Supreme Commander of NATO in order to run for President of the United States.
• 1952 - Occupied Japan: The United States occupation of Japan ends.
• 1952 - Eduardo Viera dies. Argentinian writer.
• 1953 - Roberto Bolaño was born. Chilean writer.
• 1958 - Hal Sutton was born. American golfer.
• 1960 - Carlos Ibáñez del Campo dies. President of Chile (1927-31 e 1952-58).
• 1960 - French president Charles de Gaulle resigns after his proposals for constitutional reforms are defeated in a national referendum.
• 1963 - Brasil derrota os Estados Unidos por 10- 0 em jogo de futebol nos Jogos Panamericanos (Adilton marca 7 golos!).
• 1964 - Yemen : New Constitution is promulgated.
• 1965 - United States troops land in the Dominican Republic to "forestall establishment of a Communist dictatorship" and to evacuate Americans.
• 1966 - John Daly was born. American golfer.
• 1966 - Margarida Pinto Correia, profissional portuguesa da comunicação social.
• 1966 - Krassimir Balakov was born. Bulgarian footballer.
• 1966 - 38th Academy Awards - "Sound of Music," Julie Christie and L Marvin win
• 1967 - Expo 67 opens in Montréal Canada
• 1967 - World heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali refuses induction into the U.S. Army for religious reasons; he is later convicted of draft evasion and stripped of his title.
• 1969 - Charles de Gaulle resigns as President of France.
• 1970 - Vietnam War: U.S. President Richard M. Nixon formally authorizes American combat troops to fight communist sanctuaries in Cambodia.
• 1970 - Diego Simeone was born. Argentinian footballer.
• 1971 - Dutch social democratic party/D'66/DS'70 win parliamentary election
• 1973 - Pedro Miguel Correia Resendes Pauleta was born in Ponta Delgada, Azores. Portuguese footballer.
• 1973 - Jacques Maritain dies. French philosopher.
• 1974 - Penélope Cruz was born in Madrid. Spanish actress.
• 1974 - Mário Soares regressa a Portugal vindo do exílio em Paris, acompanhado de Tito de Morais e Ramos Costa.
• 1975 - Leopoldo Neves de Almeida dies. Portuguese sculptor.
• 1977 - The Red Army Faction trial ends, with Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin and Jan-Carl Raspe being found guilty of four counts of murder and more than 30 counts of attempted murder.
• 1978 - Afghanistan President Mohammed Daoud Khan is overthrown and assassinated in a coup led by procommunist rebels.
• 1978 - Sardar Mohammed Daoud dies (b. 1909). President of Afghanistan.
• 1981 - Jessica Alba was born. Actress. See wallpaper
• 1982 - Manuel Félix Ribeiro dies. Founder of "Portuguese Cinemateca" (Cinemateca Portuguesa)
• 1985 - Zhang Tianyi dies. Chinese writer.
• 1986 - Portugal: Maria Alberta Menéres, escritora portuguesa, recebe o Grande Prémio Gulbenkian da Literatura Infantil.
• 1986 - Mais de 6.000 estações de rádio mundiais tocam simultaneamente a música “We Are the World”. Ken Kragen foi o promotor deste evento que arrecadou milhões de dólares para combater a fome na África.
• 1986 - Russia announced the Chernobyl nuclear disaster (happened two days before).
• 1987 - The 27-year old American engineer Ben Linder is killed in an ambush by US-funded Contras in northern Nicaragua. His death sets off a fierce debate in the United States.
• 1988 - Near Maui, Hawaii a flight attendant is sucked out of an Aloha Airlines Boeing 737 and falls to her death when an upper part of the plane's cabin area rips off in mid-flight. Metal fatigue is later found to be the cause of the failure.
• 1990 - After 6,237 performances, the Broadway musical A Chorus Line closes.
• 1991 - Nasa lança missão espacial STS-39 . Retorna em 06 Mai 1991.
• 1992 - Francis Bacon, dies (b. 1909). Irish/British abstract painter.
• 1992 - O presidente italiano Francesco Cossiga renuncia oficialmente ao cargo, mergulhando o país em sua pior crise constitucional desde o fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Giovanni Spadolini torna-se presidente-interino.
• 1993 - Zambian plane crashes at Libreville, Gabon, 30 soccer players die
• 1994 - Former Central Intelligence Agency official Aldrich Ames pleads guilty to giving US secrets to the Soviet Union and later Russia.
• 1995 - Argentina vence o Brasil por 2-0 e sagra-se Campeão do Mundo de Futebol - sub-20 no Qatar. Leonardo Biagini e Francisco Guerrero foram os marcadores dos golos.
• 1995 - Gas explosion in South Korean metro, 103 die.
• 1995 - Sri Lankaan BAE748 crashes at Palaly, 52 die.
• 1996 - Whitewater scandal: President Bill Clinton gives 4 1/2 hour videotaped testimony for the defense.
• 1996 - The world's worst 'spree killer', Martin Bryant, kills 35 people, and wounds another 18 at the Port Arthur massacre in Tasmania, Australia.
• 1997 - The 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention, signed in Paris in January 1993, goes into effect. Russia, Iraq and North Korea were notable nations who had not ratified the treaty.
• 1999 - Morte de Alf Ramsey, treinador da Inglaterra no Mundial de 1966, em que se sagrou Campeão do Mundo (com pena nossa de Portugal que perdeu 2-1 nas meias-finais).
• 1999 - Arthur L. Schawlow dies (b. 5 May 1921). American physicist who was a corecipient (with Nicolaas Bloembergen of the U.S. and Kai Siegbahn of Sweden) of the 1981 Nobel Prize for Physics for his work in developing the laser and in laser spectroscopy.
• 2000 - Penelope Fitzgerald, dies (b. 1916). Writer.
• 2002 - Alexander Lebed, dies (b. 1950). Russian General.
• 2002 - Ruth Handler, dies (b. 1916). Inventor of the Barbie Doll .
• 2003 - Apple Computer's iTunes Music Store launches, selling 1 million songs in its first week.
• 2003 - Morte do escritor espanhol Ildefonso Manuel Gil López.
• 2005 - The Patent Law Treaty (PLT) enters into force.
• Roman Empire - first day of the Floralia in honor of Flora .
• Bahá'í Faith - Feast of Jamál (Beauty) - First day of the third month of the Bahá'í Calendar
• World Day for Safety and Health at Work .