On this day in History - Sep 2

• 44 BC - Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion.
• 44 BC - The first of Cicero’s Philippics (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of them over the next several months.
• 31 BC - Roman Civil War: Battle of Actium - Off the western coast of Greece, forces of Octavian defeat troops under Mark Antony and Cleopatra. / Octávio, um dos membros do triunvirato que governava Roma, derrotou as forças navais de Marco António e de Cleópatra, rainha do Egipto, na Batalha de Actium, ao largo da costa do Épiro na parte ocidental da Grécia.
• 0421 - Constantius III dies. Roman Emperor .
• 1192 - Los cruzados, derrotados, firman un armisticio con Saladino, el sultán de Egipto.
• 1274 - Prince Munetaka dies (b. 1242). Japanese shogun
• 1397 - Francesco Landini dies. Italian composer
• 1540 - Lebna Dengel dies (b. 1501). Emperor of Ethiopia
• 1548 - Vincenzo Scamozzi was born (d. 1616). Italian architect
• 1649 - The Italian city of Castro is completely destroyed by the forces of Pope Innocent X, ending the Wars of Castro.
• 1652 - Jose de Ribera (Lo Spagnoletto) dies. Spanish painter.
• 1666 - The Great Fire of London breaks out and burns for three days destroying 10,000 buildings including St. Paul's Cathedral.
• 1675 - William Somervile was born (d. 1742). English poet.
• 1680 - Per Brahe (the younger) dies (b. 1602). Swedish soldier and statesman
• 1688 - Robert Viner dies (b. 1631). Lord Mayor of London.
• 1690 - Philipp Wilhelm, Elector Palatine dies (b. 1615)
• 1752 - The United Kingdom adopts the Gregorian Calendar, nearly two centuries later than most of Western Europe.
• 1764- Revd Nathaniel Bliss dies (d. 1700). English Astronomer Royal
• 1789 - United States Department of the Treasury is founded.
• 1792 - Vicente Ramón Roca Rodríguez was born. President of Ecuador.
• 1792 - During what became known as the September Massacres of the French Revolution, rampaging mobs slaughter three Roman Catholic Church bishops and more than two hundred priests.
• 1805 - Esteban Echeverría was born in Buenos Aires (d. 18 Jan 1851). Argentine poet and politician. [ Consuelos (1834); Rimas (1837) ; Manual de Enseñanza Moral (1846)]
• 1807 - British Navy bombards Copenhagen with fire bombs and phosphorus rockets to prevent Denmark from surrendering its fleet to Napoleon.
• 1814 - Ernst Curtius was born (d. 11 Jul 1896). German archaeologist; directed the excavation of Olympia
• 1820 - Jiaqing dies (b. 1760). Emperor of China
• 1830 - William P. Frye was born. American politician
• 1832 - Franz Xaver, Baron Von Zach dies (b. 1854). Austrain astronomer
• 1833 - Oberlin College is founded by John Shipherd and Philo P. Stewart.
• 1834 - Thomas Telford dies (b. 1757). Scottish civil engineer.
• 1836 - Anton Braith was born (d. 1905). German painter
• 1838 - Liliuokalani of Hawaii was born (d. 1917). Queen of Hawaii
• 1840 - Giovanni Verga was born in Catania (d. 27 Jan 1922). Italian novelist and playwright
• 1845 - Bernardino Rivadavia dies. First President of Argentine (1826-1827).
• 1850 - Albert Spalding was born (d. 1915). Baseball player and sporting goods manufacturer
• 1850 - Woldemar Voigt was born (d. 1919). German physicist.
• 1853 - Wilhelm Ostwald was born (d. 1932). German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 1862 - Franjo Krežma was born (d. 1881). Croatian violinist
• 1862 - American Civil War: President Abraham Lincoln reluctantly restores Union General George McClellan to full command after General John Pope's disastrous defeat at the Battle of Second Bull Run.
• 1864 - American Civil War: Union forces enter Atlanta, Georgia a day after the Confederate defenders fled the city.
• 1865 - William Rowan Hamilton dies (b. 1805)., Irish mathematician
• 1867 - Mutsuhito, the Meiji Emperor of Japan marries Ichijo Masako. The Empress consort is thereafter known as Lady Haruko.
• 1870 - Franco-Prussian War: Battle of Sedan - Prussian forces take French Emperor Napoleon III and 100,000 of his soldiers prisoner.
• 1876 - José Fontana dies (b. 1841). On e of the founders of Portuguese Socialist Party. Beginner of the labour mouvements in Portugal
• 1877 - Frederick Soddy was born (d. 1956). Nobel Prize laureate in 1921.
• 1878 - Werner von Blomberg was born (d. 1946). German field marshal.
• 1879 - An Jung-geun was born (d. 1910). Japanese assassin of Ito Hirobumi
• 1882 - Venezuela: Francisco Mejia dies (b. 4 Oct 1798). General
• 1884 - Dr. Frank C. Laubach was born (d. 1970). Christian missionary.
• 1885 - É inaugurada a cadeia Penitenciária de Lisboa (Portugal).
• 1885 - In Rock Springs, Wyoming, 150 white miners attack their Chinese coworkers, killing 28, wounding 15, and forcing several hundred more out of town.
• 1894 - Joseph Roth was born (d. 27 May 1939). Austrian writer
• 1898 - Battle of Omdurman - British and Egyptian troops defeat Sudanese tribesmen establishing British dominance in the Sudan.
• 1898 - Wilford Woodruff dies (b. 1807). President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
• 1900 - Entra em funcionamento um cabo telegráfico entre Borkun e Nova York, que passa pelas ilhas dos Açores.
• 1901 - Vice President Theodore Roosevelt utters the famous phrase, "Speak softly and carry a big stick" at the Minnesota State Fair.
• 1914 - Tom Glazer was born (d. 2003). American folk singer and songwriter.
• 1917 - Laurindo Almeida was borm (d. 1995). Brazilian guitarist and composer
• 1917 - Cleveland Amory was born (d. 1998). American author.
• 1921 - Julio Adalberto Rivera was born. President of El Salvador (1962 - 1967)
• 1921 - Anthony Francis Lucas dies (b. 1855). Croatian-American oil exploration pioneer
• 1921 - Henry Austin Dobson dies (b. 1840). English poet
• 1923 - Rene Thom was born (d. 2002). French mathematician.
• 1924 - Daniel arap Moi was born. President of Kenya.
• 1925 - The U.S. Zeppelin the USS Shenandoah crashes, killing 14.
• 1928 - Horace Silver was born. American jazz pianist and composer
• 1929 - Hal Ashby was born (d. 1988). American film director.
• 1930 - O general José Félix Uriburu toma o poder na Argentina, após derrubar o presidente Hipólito Irigoyen.
• 1932 - Renuncia al cargo de Presidente de México don Pascual Ortiz Rubio.
• 1932 - Alberto Guerrero Martínez assume a presidência do Equador
• 1934 - Alcide Nunez dies (b. 1884). American musician
• 1935 - Labor Day Hurricane of 1935: A large hurricane hits the Florida Keys killing 423.
• 1936 - Andrew Grove was born. American computer chip manufacturer.
• 1937 - Pierre de Coubertin dies (b. 1863). French founder of the modern Olympic Games.
• 1937 - Peter Ueberroth was born. American sport executive.
• 1938 - Clarence Felder was born. American actor
• 1938 - Eduardo Nery was born in Figueira da Foz. Portuguese painter (abstract and geometrist).
• 1939 - Following the invasion of Poland, Freie Stadt Danzig Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland) is annexed to Nazi Germany.
• 1939 - Sam Gooden was born. American singer (The Impressions)
• 1940 - Regis Debray was born. French writer and politician.
• 1941 - David Bale was born (d. 2003). South African-born activist.
• 1943 - José Álvaro Morais was born in Coimbra (d. 30 Jan 2004). Portuguese film director (Quaresma -2003; Peixe-Lua - 2000 aka the Moonfish; Bobo, O -1987 aka The jester)
• 1943 - Rosalind Ashford was born. American R&B singer (Martha and the Vandellas)
• 1943 - Glen Sather was born. National Hockey League player and executive
• 1943 - Joe Simon was born. American R&B singer
• 1944 - Al Matthews was born (d. 2002). American actor.
• 1944 - Holocaust: Diarist Anne Frank and her family are placed on the last transport train from Westerbork to Auschwitz. They arrive three days later.
• 1945 - World War II ends: The final official surrender of Japan was accepted aboard the battleship USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay. / Com a declaração de vitória dos aliados, feita pelo Presidente americano Truman, após a assinatura da rendição incondicional do Japão, a Segunda Guerra Mundial terminou oficialmente.
• 1945 - Ho Chi Minh declared Vietnam an Republic independent, forming the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam).
• 1946 - Ayn Rand begins writing Atlas Shrugged.
• 1946 - Billy Preston was born (d. 2006). American musician.
• 1947 - Assinatura do Tratado Interamericano de Asistencia Recíproca (TIAR) no Rio de Janeiro.
• 1948 - Terry Bradshaw was born. American football player
• 1948 - Christa McAuliffe was born (d. 1986). American schoolteacher and astronaut who died in the Challenger space shuttle explosion .
• 1950 - Rosanna DeSoto was born. American actress
• 1950 - Yuen Wah was born. Chinese actor and stuntman
• 1951 - Mark Harmon was born. American actor
• 1952 - Alain Giresse was born. French footballer.
• 1952 - Jimmy Connors was born. American tennis player
• 1953 - John Zorn was born. American musician
• 1953 - Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright IV dies (b. 1883). U.S. general
• 1956 - Mario Tremblay was born. National Hockey League player and coach
• 1958 - U.S. Air Force C-130A-II is shot down by fighters over Yerevan, Armenia when it strays into Soviet airspace while conducting a sigint mission. All crew lost.
• 1959 - Guy Laliberté was born. Cofounder of Cirque du Soleil
• 1960 - Arnaldo Antunes was born. Brazilian music and poet.
• 1960 - Kristin Halvorsen was born. Norwegian politician
• 1960 - Rex Hudler was born. Baseball player
• 1961 - Brasil : O Congresso aprova a emenda constitucional que institui o regime parlamentarista. Assim, João Goulart pôde assumir a presidência depois da renúncia de Jânio Quadros.
• 1961 - Oscar Magrini was born. Brazilian actor.
• 1961 - Eric Dickerson was born. American football player
• 1961 - Carlos Valderrama was born. Colombian football player
• 1962 - Prachya Pinkaew was born. Thai film director
• 1963 - CBS Evening News becomes network television's first half-hour weeknight news broadcast, when the show is lengthened from 15 to 30 minutes.
• 1964 - Francisco Higino Craveiro Lopes dies (b. 12 Apr 1894). Portuguese President of Republic (1951 -1958).
• 1964 - Keanu Reeves was born. American actor.
• 1964 - Alvin York dies (b. 1887). Most decorated American soldier of World War I
• 1965 - Lennox Lewis was born. Canadian-British boxer
• 1965 - Partho Sen-Gupta was born. Indian filmmaker
• 1966 - Salma Hayek was born. Mexican actress
• 1966 - Olivier Panis was born. French F1 car racer
• 1967 - Andreas Möller was born. Gernman footballer.
• 1967 - The microstate Principality of Sealand unilaterally declares its independence.
• 1968 - Cynthia Watros was born. American actress
• 1969 - The first automatic teller machine in the United States is installed in Rockville Centre, New York.
• 1969 - Cedric "K-Ci" Hailey was born. American singer
• 1969 - Ho Chi Minh dies (b. 1890). Vietmamese president and prime minister.
• 1970 - O parlamento indiano anula os privilégios dos 279 marajás do país, igualando-os aos cidadãos normais.
• 1970 - NASA announces the cancellation of two Apollo missions to the Moon, Apollo 15 (the designation was re-used by a later mission), and Apollo 19.
• 1971 - Tommy Maddox was born. American football player
• 1971 - Kjetil André Aamodt was born. Norwegian alpine skier
• 1972 - Sergei Zholtok was born. Latvian hockey player
• 1973 - Jason Blake was born. American ice hockey player
• 1973 - John R. R. Tolkien dies (b. 1892). British writer
• 1973 - Carl Dudley dies (b. 1910). American movie director
• 1976 - Stanisław Grochowiak dies (b. 1934). Polish poet and dramatist
• 1976 - Phil Lipscomb was born. American bassist Taproot .
• 1977 - Ramiro Muñoz was born. Colombian musician
• 1978 - Juan L. Ortiz dies (b. 11 Jun 1896). Argentine poet. [El agua y la noche" (1924-1932); "El alba sube..." (1933-1936); "El ángel inclinado" (1938); "La rama hacia el este" (1940); "El álamo y el viento" (1947); "El aire conmovido" (1949); "La mano infinita" (1951); "La brisa profunda" (1954); "El alma y las colinas" (1956); "De las raíces y del cielo" (1958); "En el aura del sauce" (Obras completas 1970-1971, incluye "El junco y la corriente", "El Gualeguay" y "La orilla que se abisma"].
• 1979 - Nascimento de Anderson Corrêa Polga. Jogador brasileiro de futebol que representa actualmente o Sporting Club de Portugal
• 1980 - Brasil: Ouro Preto, em Minas Gerais, é considerada pela UNESCO como Património Histórico da Humanidade.
• 1981 - Andrija Maurovic dies (b. 1901). Croatian illustrator
• 1981 - Chris Tremlett was born. English cricketer
• 1981 - Bracha van Doesburgh was born. Dutch actress
• 1982 - Joey Barton was born. English footballer
• 1985 - Abe Lenstra died (b. 1920). Dutch footballer
• 1987 - In Moscow, the trial of 19-year-old pilot Mathias Rust, who flew his Cessna airplane into Red Square in May 1987, begins.
• 1990 - Transnistria declares its independence from Moldova, however Moldova does not recognize it.
• 1990 - Iraq invade el emirato de Kuwait. El Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU condena la invasión.
• 1991 - Alfonso García Robles (b. 1911). Mexican diplomat and pacifist; delegate to the United Nations General Assembly on Disarmament; former Secretary for Foreign Affairs and pacifist. He shared The Nobel Peace Prize 1982 with Alva Myrdal
• 1991 - The United States recognizes the independence of the Baltic states: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
• 1992 - Barbara McClintock dies (b. 1902). American geneticist .
• 1995 - Vaclav Neumann dies (b. 29 Sep 1920). Czech conductor.
• 1995 - Rock and Roll Hall of Fame opens in Cleveland, Ohio.
• 1995 - Frank Bruno wins the WBC World Heavyweight Title from Oliver McCall at Wembley Stadium.
• 1996 - A peace agreement is signed between the Government of the Republic of the Philippines and the Moro National Liberation Front in Malacañang Palace.
• 1997 - Rudolph Bing dies (b. 1902). Austrian-born opera manager
• 1998 - Allen Drury dies (b. 1918). American author.
• 1998 - In Canada, pilots for Air Canada launch the first strike in company's history.
• 1998 - Swissair Flight 111 crashes near Peggys Cove, Nova Scotia. All 229 people on board are killed.
• 1998 - A United Nations court finds Jean-Paul Akayesu, the former mayor of a small town in Rwanda, guilty of nine counts of genocide.
• 2000 - Elvera Sanchez dies (d. 1905). Puerto Rican dancer
• 2000 - Curt Siodmak dies (b. 1907). German-born author
• 2001 - Christiaan Barnard dies (b. 1922). South African heart surgeon.
• 2001 - Troy Donahue dies (b. 1936). American actor.
• 2001 - The adult-oriented television programming block, Adult Swim premieres on Cartoon Network.
• 2002 - WWE crowns its first World Heavyweight Champion when Eric Bischoff awarded the belt to Triple H, who was the original Number One Contender for the WWE Championship but his opponent Brock Lesnar refused to defend the belt of the Raw brand.
• 2002 - Dick Reynolds dies (b. 1915). Australian Rules player and coach
• 2003 - A ride accident at Disneyland in Anaheim, California kills one man riding the Big Thunder Mountain Railroad.
• 2004 - Joan Oró dies (b. 26 Oct 1923). Catalan scientist
• 2005 - Bob Denver dies (b. 1935). American actor.
• RC Saints - Saint Sophia
• Vietnam - National Day (independence from France, 1945)
• Mauritius - Ganesh Chaturthi
• Transnistria - Independence day ( note Transnistria is not a recognized independent state)