On this day in History - Aug 5

• 0465 BC - Xerxes I , king of Persia, is murdered by Artabanus, the Hyrcanian
• 0642 - Battle of Maserfeld - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia
• 0882 - King Louis III of France dies.
• 1100 - Henry I is crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey
• 1192 - Jaffa: last battle of the 3rd Crusade (Saladin, with 7000 cavalry, defeated by Richard I, with 2000 infantry, 54 knights, and 15 horses) / Batalha de Jafa entre as forças de Ricardo Coração de Leão e de Saladino, durante a Terceira Cruzada.
• 1246 - Nidda : Conrad IV is defeated by Henry Raspe
• 1305 - William Wallace, who led Scottish resistance to England, was captured by the English near Glasgow and transported to London for trial and execution.
• 1391 - Castilian sailors set fire to Barcelona's Jewish ghetto, killing 100.
• 1392 - Charles VI (France) suffers a second attack of madness.
• 1496 - Bartolomé Colón, hermano de Cristóbal Colón, funda la ciudad de "Santo Domingo", que se convertiría en una de las ciudades importantes del Nuevo Mundo.
• 1498 - Columbus becomes 1st European to land on South American continent.
• 1529 - Peace of Cambrai ("Paix des Dames").
• 1540 - Joseph Justus Scaliger was born (d. 1609). Scholar who proposed the Julian Day system of dating.
• 1549 - Clyst Heath (Cornish Prayer Book Rebellion suppressed).
• 1566 - Siege of Szigeth begins (ends 8 September 1566).
• 1583 - Sir Humphrey Gilbert establishes first English colony in North America, at what is now St John's, Newfoundland.
• 1604 - Birth of John Eliot, "Apostle to the Indians," Bible translator.
• 1620 - "Mayflower" and "Speedwell" sail from England.
• 1623 - Antonio Cesti was born (d. 1669). Italian composer.
• 1641 - John Hathorne was born (d. 1717). American magistrate.
• 1648 - Lens: French defeat Spanish; end of 30 Years War.
• 1662 - James Anderson was born (d. 1728). Scottish historian.
• 1633 - Archbishop George Abbot dies (b. 1562). Archbishop of Canterbury.
• 1678 - Juan García de Zéspedes dies (b. 1619). Mexican musician and composer.
• 1689 - 1,500 Iroquois attack village of Lachine, in New France.
• 1694 - Leonardo Leo was born (d. 1744). Italian composer.
• 1716 - Eugenio de Saboya derrota a los Otomanos en Peterwardein.
• 1743 - John Hervey, Lord Hervey dies (b. 1696). English statesman and writer.
• 1763 - Pontiac's War - Battle of Bushy Run - British forces led by Henry Bouquet defeat Chief Pontiac's Indians at Bushy Run.
• 1772 - First Partition of Poland begins.
• 1798 - John, Lord Wrottesley, was born distinguished astronomer, and president of the Royal Society
• 1798 - Nace en San Juan, Argentina, Salvador María del Carril. En 1854 acompañó en la fórmula presidencial al General Justo José de Urquiza. Fue el primer Vicepresidente electo según la Constitución de 1853.
• 1802 - Niels Henrik Abel was born. Norwegian mathematician
• 1811 - Thomas Ambroise was born (d. 1896). Composer
• 1812 - War of 1812: Tecumseh's Indian force ambushes Thomas Van Horne's 200 Americans at Brownstone Creek, causing them to flee and retreat.
• 1813 - Ivar Aasen was born. Norwegian poet and language reformer
• 1815 - Edward John Eyre was born (d. 1901). Explorer.
• 1827 - Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca was born. First President of Republic of Brazil
• 1842 - Ferdinand Keller was born (d. 1922). Painter
• 1848 - Pedro Vélez dies. President of Mexico in 1829.
• 1850 - Guy de Maupassant was born at Chateau de Miromesnil († 7 Jul 1893). French author (The Tellier House, Yvette, Toine, The Horla, The Diamond Necklace, The Umbrella, The Piece of String, A Woman’s Life, Bel-Ami -1885, Peter and John;"Mademoiselle Fifi "-1882, "Yvette Samoris" -1884 )
• 1858 - Cyrus West Field and others complete the first transatlantic telegraph cable after several unsuccessful attempts. It operated for less than a month.
• 1860 - Carl IV of Sweden-Norway is crowned king of Norway, in Trondheim.
• 1860 - Joseph Carey Merrick was born (d. 1890). Deformed celebrity -"The elefant man"
• 1861 - American Civil War: In order to help pay for the war effort, the United States government issues the first income tax as part of the Revenue Act of 1861 (3% of all incomes over US $800; rescinded in 1872).
• 1862 - American Civil War : Battle of Baton Rouge - Along the Mississippi River near Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Confederate troops drive Union forces back into the city.
• 1863 - Juan Antonio Pezet takes place on Presidency of Peru.
• 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Mobile Bay begins - At Mobile Bay near Mobile, Alabama, Admiral David Farragut leads a Union flotilla through Confederate defenses and seals one of the last major Southern ports.
• 1866 - Carl Harries was born (d. 1923). Chemist.
• 1867 - El presidente Benito Juárez restaura la República y asentado ya en la capital, instala la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación.
• 1868 - Oskar Merikanto was born. Finish composer
• 1872 - Oswaldo Cruz was born. Brazilian physician.
• 1874 - Japan launches its postal savings system, modeled after a similar system in England.
• 1877 - Tom Thomson was born (d. 1917). Painter
• 1882 - Standard Oil of New Jersey is established.
• 1882 - Martial law is enacted in Japan.
• 1884 - The cornerstone for the Statue of Liberty is laid on Bedloe's Island in New York Harbor.
• 1886 - Se proclama la Constitucion política de Colombia, que se organiza como República Central Unitaria.
• 1888 - Bertha Benz drives from Mannheim to Pforzheim in the first long distance automobile trip.
• 1889 - Conrad Aiken was born in Savannah, Georgia (d. 17 Aug 1973). American writer who won a Pulitzer Prize for his Selected Poems.
• 1890 - Erich Kleiber was born in Vienna, Austria (d. 1956). Conductor (NBC Symphony 1945-46).
• 1895 - Friedrich Engels dies. German philosopher.
• 1901 - Peter O'Connor sets the first IAAF recognised long jump world record of 24ft 11¾ins. The record will stand for 20 years.
• 1906 - John Huston was born in Nevada, Mo. (d. 28 Aug 1987). Academy Award-winning director: Treasure of Sierra Madre [1948]; "The Maltese Falcon" The African Queen, Prizzi’s Honor; father of Academy Award-winning actress Angelica Huston;
• 1906 - Wassily Leontief was born (d. 1999). Economist, Nobel Prize in 1973.
• 1908 - Airship LZ 4 explodes - Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin's airship LZ 4 was completely destroyed after an emergency landing near Stuttgart in a storm
• 1908 - Harold Holt was born (d. 1967). Seventeenth Prime Minister of Australia.
• 1911 - Robert Taylor was born (d. 8 Jun 1969). Actor ( Magnificent Obsession, Quo Vadis, Billy the Kid, Bataan, Knights of the Round Table, The Night Walker, Death Valley Days).
• 1912 - Narcizo Ibáñez Menta was born. Actor.
• 1912 - Japan's first taxicab service begins in Ginza, Tokyo.
• 1914 - In Cleveland, Ohio, the first electric traffic light is installed.
• 1923 - Devan Nair was born. President of Singapore from 1981 to 1985.
• 1923 - Vatroslav Jagic dies (b. 1835). Croatian slavist.
• 1926 - María Abella, fallece en La Plata, Argentina. Pionera en la defensa de los derechos de las mujeres. Nacida en Uruguay, su activismo se desarrolló principalmente en Argentina, donde en 1910 creó la primera organización feminista.
• 1929 - Millicent Fawcett dies (b. 1847). British suffragist and feminist
• 1930 - Neil Armstrong was born. Astronaut
• 1932 - D. Maurílio Jorge Quintal de Gouveia was born. Portuguese archbishop.
• 1935 - John Saxon was born. Actor.
• 1935 - Alfredo Roque Gameiro dies. Portuguese painter.
• 1936 - Jesse Owens won his 3rd Olympic medal at the Berlin Olympics by running a 200-meter race in 20.7 seconds.
• 1937 - Herb Brooks was born (d. 2003). Ice hockey coach.
• 1939 - Princess Irene of the Netherlands was born.
• 1940 - Roman Gabriel was born. Professional football player
• 1941 - Airto Moreira was born. Brazilian percussionist
• 1943 - Nelson Briles was born (d. 2005). Major League Baseball player.
• 1944 - World War II: Possibly the biggest prison breakout in history occurs as 545 Japanese POWs attempt to escape outside the town of Cowra, NSW, Australia. Most are killed but many escape and later commit suicide. Five Australian guards also die.
• 1944 - Holocaust: Polish insurgents liberate a German labor camp in Warsaw, freeing 348 Jewish prisoners.
• 1946 - Loni Anderson was born. Actress ( WKRP in Cincinnati, The Jayne Mansfield Story, Easy Street, Necessity, Nurses )
• 1946 - Erika Slezak was born. Emmy Award-winning actress ( One Life to Live)
• 1946 - Jimmy Webb was born. Composer, musician
• 1947 - Rick Derringer was born. Rock and roll musician
• 1949 - In Ecuador an earthquake destroys 50 towns and kills more than 6000.
• 1952 - Audrey Blood Hillman was born. Eminent Native Plant Gardener.
• 1953 - Rick Mahler was born (d. 2005). Major League Baseball player.
• 1954 - Brasil: Major Rubens Vaz morre no Atentado da Rua Toneleros
• 1955 - Carmen Miranda dies. Actress and singer
• 1956 - Maureen McCormick was born. Actress, The Brady Bunch
• 1957 - Heinrich Otto Wieland dies (b. 1877). German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 1958 - USS "Nautilus" the nuclear-powered submarine completed a record-breaking undersea journey of 3.200 Km from Alaska to Greenland Sea.
• 1959 - Edgar Guest dies (b. 1881). English poet.
• 1960 - Arthur Meighen dies. Ninth Prime Minister of Canada.
• 1960 - Burkina Faso, then known as "Upper Volta", became independent from France
• 1961 - Clayton Rohner was born. Actor
• 1962 - Patrick Ewing was born. Basketball player
• 1962 - Film actress and sex icon, Marilyn Monroe (b. 1926) is found dead in her Los Angeles, California home after apparently overdosing on sleeping pills. "Some Like It Hot"
• 1962 - Nelson Mandela is jailed. He would not be released until 1990.
• 1963 - United States, United Kingdom, and Soviet Union sign a nuclear test ban treaty.
• 1964 - Vietnam War: Operation Pierce Arrow - American aircraft from carriers USS Ticonderoga and USS Constellation bomb North Vietnam in retaliation for strikes attacked US destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin.
• 1964 - Adam Yauch was born. Musician
• 1967 - Os Pink Floyd editam o álbum The piper at the gates of dawn.
• 1969 - Mariner program: Mariner 7 makes its closest fly-by of Mars (3,524 kilometers).
• Vietnam War: The U.S. Congress places a $1 billion dollar limit on 1974 military aid to South Vietnam.
• 1973 - Adam Hackbarth was born. Screenwriter.
• 1973 - Three people are killed and 55 wounded when two Arab gunmen open fire on a crowded passenger lounge at Athens airport.
• 1974 - Vietnam War: The U.S. Congress places a $1 billion dollar limit on military aid to South Vietnam.
• 1975 - Kajol Mukherjee was born. Actress
• 1977 - Mark Mulder was born. Baseball pitcher.
• 1979 - Maria de Lourdes Pintassilgo é eleita Primeiro Ministro de Portugal.
• 1981 - Carl Crawford was born. Major League Baseball player
• 1981 - Rachel Scott was born (d. 1999). Victim of the Columbine High School massacre
• 1981 - Kō Shibasaki was born. Japanese singer and actress.
• 1981 - Ronald Reagan fires 11,359 striking air-traffic controllers who ignored his order for them to return to work.
• 1983 - IRA members jailed for 4,000 years Twenty two members of the IRA are jailed for a total of more than 4,000 years following one of Northern Ireland's biggest mass trials.
• 1984 - Richard Burton dies at a hospital in Geneva, Switzerland, at the age of 58. British actor.
• 1984 - Joan Benoit won the first women’s Olympic marathon at the XXIII Summer Games in Los Angeles, California. Rosa Mota, Portuguese runner won the Silver Medal.
• 1985 - Se suicida en Los Angeles (EE.UU.) Paul Bregman, tripulante del bombardero que arrojó una bomba atómica sobre Nagasaki en agosto de 1945.
• 1985 - Salomon Kalou was born. Ivory Coast footballer
• 1986 - Muere Deng Jiaxian, científico que desarrolló y puso a punto la bomba atómica china.
• 1991 - Paul Brown dies (b. 1908). American football coach.
• 1993 - Popular trading card game Magic: The Gathering is released. First trading card game to date.
• 1994 - Argentina, Brasil, Paraguay y Uruguay firman los acuerdos que dan comienzo al Mercosur.
• 1995 - The city of Knin, a significant Serb stronghold, is liberated by Croatian forces during Operation Storm. The date is celebrated as the day of victory, Homeland Thanksgiving day in Croatia.
• 1995 - El secretario de Estado norteamericano, Warren Christopher, y su homólogo vietnamita, Nguyen Manh Cam, firman en Hanoi la normalización de relaciones entre ambos países después de 20 años.
• 1995 - A atleta portuguesa Manuela Machado ganha a medalha de Ouro da maratona feminina do Campeonato do Mundo de Atletismo, em Gotemburgo (Suécia).
• 1997 - Ramzi Yousef, mastermind of world trade center bombing, went on trial.
• 1997 - Carla Sacramento, atleta portuguesa, conquista a Medalha de Ouro nos 1.500 metros dos Mundiais de Atletismo em Atenas. Por sua vez Fernanda Ribeiro nos mesmos campeonatos obtém a medalha de prata nos 10.000 metros.
• 1998 - Zâmbia assina o Protocolo de Kyoto
• 1999 - Mark McGwire becomes the 16th member of the 500 home run club with a home run at Busch Stadium in St. Louis, Missouri.
• 2000 - Sir Alec Guinness dies. British actor.
• 2001 - The Cleveland Indians defeat the Seattle Mariners 15-14 in a record-setting game known as the Impossible Return.
• 2002 - Josh Ryan Evans dies (b. 1982). Actor.
• 2002 - Chick Hearn dies (b. 1916). American basketball announcer.
• 2003 - A car bomb explodes in the Indonesian capital of Jakarta.
• 2005 - Polina Astakhova dies (b. 1936). Russian gymnast.
• 2005 - Jim O'Hora dies (b. 1915). American football coach
• 2005 - Raul Roco dies (b. 1941). Philippine senator.
• Burkina Faso - Independence Day
• Croatia - Victory day and National Thanksgiving Day
• Portugal : Dia de Nossa Senhora das Neves.