On this day in History - Jul 19

• 0711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic at the battle of Guadalete.
• 0810 -Muhammad ibn al-Bukhari was born. Scholar.
• 1333 - Battle of Halidon Hill: the final battle of the Wars of Scottish Independence.
• 1374 - Petrarch dies (b. 20 Jul 1304). Poet.
• 1415 - Philippa of Lancaster dies. Queen of Portugal.
• 1500 - A esquadra de Pedro Álvares Cabral chega a Moçambique.
• 1500 - Morte de D. Miguel da Paz. Filho de D. Manuel I e a infanta D. Isabel.
• 1544 - The Siege of Boulogne began.
• 1553 - Lady Jane Grey is replaced by Mary I of England as Queen of England after having that title for just nine days.
• 1573 - Dr. John Caius dies. Physician and author, founder of Caine College, Cambridge.
• 1591 - Nascimento de São Vicente de Paulo, fundador das Congregações das Missões e das Irmãs de Caridade.
• 1598 - Gilbert Sheldon was born (d. 1677). Archbishop of Canterbury, erecter of the Sheldon theatre at Oxford.
• 1692 - Rebecca Nurse was born (d. 1621). Accused witch
• 1742 - William Somerville dies. Author of The Chase
• 1763 - Nathaniel Hooke dies. Historian and writer Author of Account of the Conduct of the Dowager Duchess of Marlborough (1742); Roman History from the Building of Rome to the Ruin of the Commonwealth, which appeared in 1738.
• 1789 - John Martin was born. English painter.
• 1799 - Napoleon’s troops discovered the Rosetta Stone, a tablet with hieroglyphic translations into Greek, at Rashid, Egypt. /As tropas francesas no Egipto descobrem a Pedra Roseta, uma laje com gravações em três línguas antigas que permitiram aos pesquisadores a tradução dos hieróglifos do antigo Egipto
• 1810 - Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz dies. Queen of Prussia
• 1814 - Samuel Colt was born (d. 10 Jan 1862). American firearms manufacturer who popularized the Colt 45 revolver.
• 1814 - Captain Matthew Flinders dies (b. 1774). English explorer of the coasts of Australia.
• 1817 - Mary Ann Bickerdyke was born. Nurse.
• 1819 - Gottfried Keller was born in Zurich (d. 1890). Swiss writer (Der grune Heinrich).
• 1819 - Professor John Playfair dies in Edinburgh. Writings in natural philosophy, geology, etc.
• 1824 - Agustin de Iturbide, Mexican leader, dies shot at Padillo gy soldiers of general Juan Losé de la Garza.
• 1830 - Com a recusa por parte do rei de França Carlos X, em aceitar os resultados das eleições, que tinham dado a vitória à oposição liberal, começa a «Revolução de Julho» em Paris. O rei abdicará sendo substituído pelo duque de Orleans, Luís Filipe.
• 1834 - Edgar Degas was born (d. 27 Sep 1917). French painter and sculptor. The Bellelli Family (1862) Marguerite de Gas, the Artist's Sister (1859); Hilaire de Gas, Grandfather of the Artist (1857); The Suffering of the City of New Orleans (1865); Portraits in a New Orleans Cotton office (1873); After the Bath (1883) ;Les Repasseuses (1885); etc.
• 1839 - Muere en la ciudad de México, el general insurgente don Ramón López Rayón, quien naciera el 31 de agosto de 1775, en Tlalpujahua, Michoacán.
• 1840 - José Manuel Emiliano Fernández de Balmaceda was born. Presidente of Chile (1886-1891).
• 1846 - Edward Pickering was born in Boston, Mass. (d. Feb 1919). U.S. physicist and astronomer
• 1848 - Women's rights: The two day Women's Rights Convention opens in Seneca Falls, New York and the "Bloomers" are introduced at the feminist convention.
• 1848 - Mexico: El general Anastasio Bustamante fusila en las minas de La Valenciana, Guanajuato, al padre Marcelino Domeco Jarauta, quien valientemente sostuvo una guerrilla contra los invasores norteamericanos después de la caida de la ciudad de México.
• 1850 - Sarah Margaret Fuller dies at sea, together with her husband and infant son, Angelo. (b. 1810). Writer.
• 1857 - Stefano Franscini dies (b. 1796). Member of the Swiss Federal Council
• 1860 - Lizzie Borden was born (d. 1927). Teacher, American accused murderess
• 1862 - American Civil War: Morgan's Raid - At Buffington Island in Ohio, Confederate General John Hunt Morgan's raid into the north is mostly thwarted when a large group of his men are captured while trying to escape across the Ohio River.
• 1863 - Curtis Marbut was born (d. 25 Aug 1935). U.S. geologist and cofounder of modern soil science, who worked closely with experts from many countries to develop international classification systems for soil materials.
• 1865 - Georges Friedel was born (d. 1933). French crystallographer who formulated basic laws concerning the external morphology and internal structure of crystals.
• 1865 - Charles Horace Mayo was born in Rochester, Minnesota (d. 26 May 1939). Surgeon and philanthropist, co-founder of the Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation.
• 1870 - Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia. / A França de Napoleão III, sobrinho de Napoleão Bonaparte, no poder em França desde 1854, declara guerra à Prússia, devido à escolha pela Espanha de um príncipe alemão, do ramo católico dos Hohenzollern, a casa reinante na Prússia.
• 1872 - Mexico: Tras la muerte del presidente Juárez, don Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada asume la presidencia por mandato de ley en su calidad de presidente de la Suprema Corte de Justicia.
• 1873 - William Gosse becomes the first European to discover Ayers Rock (Uluru) and names it in honour of South Australian Premier Sir Henry Ayers.
• 1875 - Alice Dunbar Nelson was born (d. 1935). Author and poet.
• 1876 - Joseph Fielding Smith, was born. President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
• 1879 - Doc Holliday kills for the first time after a man shoots up Holliday's New Mexico saloon.
• 1883 - Max Fleischer was born (d. 1992). Animator and film producer.
• 1885 - Nascia Aristides de Sousa Mendes em Cabanas de Viriato, perto de Nelas, junto à cidade de Viseu (m. 3 Abr 1954). Diplomata português que teve grande importância na salvação de milhares de judeus durante a 2ª. Guerra Mundial ao conceder-lhes "vistos", à revelia das orientações do Governo. Em 1979 o Presidente Mário Soares concedeu-lhe, a título póstumo, a Ordem da Liberdade.
• 1886 - Cesario Verde dies (b. 23 Feb 1855). Portuguese poet / Morte do poeta português Cesário Verde (n. 23 Fev 1855).
• 1889 - Abel de Lima Salazar was born. Portuguese professor and painter.
• 1893 - Vladimir Mayakovsky was born (d. 1930). Russian poet.
• 1894 - Khawaja Nazimuddin was born (d. 1965). Second Prime Minister of Pakistan
• 1896 - A.J. Cronin was born at Cardross, Dumbartonshire (d. 1981). Physician and novelist (The Citadel; The Keys of the Kingdom)
• 1898 - Herbert Marcuse was born (d. 1979). Communist philosopher.
• 1900 - Fundação do primeiro clube de futebol do Brasil, o Sport Club Rio Grande.
• 1902 - Inauguração do elevador de Santa Justa em Lisboa, Portugal.
• 1908 - Nascimento, em São Paulo, de Lelita Rosa (Maria Rosa Maccari). Actriz brasileira.
• 1909 - Fernando Fragoso, nascia em Lisboa (m. 1977). Argumentista [ O Costa do Castelo (1943); A Menina da Rádio (1944); O Grande Elias (1950); A Cruz de Ferro (1968) ...] e realizador português.
• 1910 - Johann Gottfried Galle dies (b. 1812). German astronomer.
• 1910 - Francisco Coloane was born. Chilean writer.
• 1912 - A meteorite with an estimated mass of 190 kg exploded over the town of Holbrook in Navajo County, Arizona causing approximately 16,000 pieces of debris to rain down on the town.
• 1914 - Marius Russo was born (d. 2005). Major League Baseball player.
• 1916 - Eve Merriam was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. While growing up she watches birds and walks among the birch and dogwood trees, and later writes of these experiences. She will also write essays, articles, and biographies. In 1981, she will receive the National Council of the Teachers of English (NCTE) Award for Excellence in Poetry for Children.
• 1917 - William Scranton was born. U.S. politician.
• 1920 - António Joaquim Granjo assume o cargo de primeiro-ministro de Portugal
• 1921 - Rosalyn Yalow was born. American medical physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1977 (shared with Andrew and Roger Guillemin) for her development of the technique of radioimmunoassay (RIA) of peptide hormones.
• 1922 - George McGovern was born. 1972 Democratic candidate for president of the United States.
• 1924 - Stanley K. Hathaway was born. U.S. politician.
• 1924 - Pat Hingleactor was born. Actor: Batman, The Grifters, Splendor in the Grass, On the Waterfront, Norma Rae, Of Mice and Men
• 1927 - Jan Myrdal was born. Swedish writer, journalist (Albania Defiant).
• 1934 - Francisco Sá Carneiro was born (d. 1980). Prime Minister of Portugal.
• 1940 - World War II: Battle of Cape Spada between the Royal Navy and the Regia Marina; the Italian light cruiser Bartolomeo Colleoni sinks, with 121 casualities.
• 1940 - Rui Mendes was born. Portuguese actor.
• 1941 - Vikki Carr was born. Singer.
• 1941 - Winston Churchill was the first to use the two-finger "V is for Victory" sign.
• 1942 - World War II: Battle of the Atlantic - German Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz orders the last U-boats to withdraw from their United States Atlantic coast postions in response to the an effective American convoy system.
• 1943 - World War II: Rome is bombed by the Allies for the first time in the war.
• 1943 - Giuseppe Terragni dies (b. 1904). Italian architect.
• 1945 - Montgomery Ward is seized by United States Army troops at the direction of Attorney General Francis Biddle because of its refusal to obey National War Labor Board orders. Montgomery Ward chairman Seward Avery is carried out of his office by troops.
• 1946 - Ilie Nastase was born. Romanian tennis player. She won French Open [1973], U.S. Open [1972]
• 1947 - Brian May was born. Guitarist (Queen)
• 1947 - Burmese nationalist Aung San was assassinated.
• 1947 - Aung San dies. Burmese nationalist (assassinated)
• 1948 - Games of the XIV Olympiad opened in London.
• 1948 - Our Miss Brooks, starring Eve Arden and Gale Gordon, debuted on CBS radio this day.
• 1949 - Independência do Laos
• 1950 - Per-Kristian Foss was born. Norwegian Minister of Finance.
• 1966 - Frank Sinatra (50) married the 20 - year-old actress Mia Farrow.
• 1951 - Abel Ferrara was born in The Bronx, New York. American director. Driller Killer (1979), Ms. 45 (1981),Fear City (1984) China Girl (1987), Cat Chaser (1988), King of New York (1990) Bad Lieutenant (1992), Dangerous Game (1993), Body Snatchers (1994) .
• 1951 - O rei Abdullah da Jordânia é assassinado em Jerusalém.
• 1955 - Yarkon Water Project opens to supply water to Negev desert in Israel
• 1960 - Atom Egoyan was born. Canadian filmmaker.
• 1961 - Maria Filatova was born. Soviet gymnast
• 1961 - Campbell Scott was born in New York. American actor.
• 1962 - Anthony Edwards was born. Actor
• 1964 - Vietnam War: At a rally in Saigon, South Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Khanh calls for expanding the war into North Vietnam.
• 1965 - Clyde Beatty dies. Circus performer and big game hunter
• 1965 - Syngman Rhee dies. First President of South Korea
• 1965 - Stuart Scott was born. Sportscaster
• 1967 - A Piedmont Airlines Boeing 727 and a Cessna 310 collided in mid-air over Hendersonville, North Carolina killing 821
• 1971- Martin Powell was born. Keyboardist (Cradle of Filth)
• 1972 - Hezekiah M. Washburn dies (b. 1884). Missionary.
• 1973 - Scott Walker was born. Hockey player.
• 1974 - Diogo Freitas do Amaral e Adelino Amaro da Costa fundam em Portugal, um partido de direita e de inspiração cristã, o CDS, Partido do Centro Democrático Social.
• 1976 - Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal is created.
• 1976 - Vinessa Shaw was born in Los Angeles, Califórnia. American actress. (1996 - Coyote Summer - 1996; CORKY ROMANO, 2001; 40 Days and 40 Nights - 2002 ...).
• 1976 - A Assembleia Regional da Madeira inicia as suas actividades.
• 1978 - Topher Grace was born. Actor
• 1979 - The Sandinista rebels overthrow the US-backed government of the Somoza family in Nicaragua.
• 1980 - Nihat Erim dies assassinated. Prime Minister of Turkey.
• 1980 - The Moscow Summer Olympics began. Many nations boycotted the games because of the Soviet military intervention in Afghanistan /Início dos Jogos Olimpícos de Moscovo, com a ausência de dúzias de nações que boicotaram os jogos devido à intervenção militar soviética no Afeganistão. Misha, um simpático urso, serviu de mascote. See Misha and Izzy 1980 and 1996 Mascots
• 1982 - A Junta Militar da Bolívia destitui o presidente Celso Torrelio.
• 1982 - Um forte terramoto afecta um quarto de El Salvador, deixando milhares de mortos e grandes perdas materiais.
• 1984 - Geraldine Ferraro became the first woman nominated for the vice-presidency by a major political party.
• 1985 - Janusz A. Zajdel dies. Polish writer.
• 1985 - US Vice President George H. W. Bush announces that New Hampshire teacher Christa McAuliffe will become the first schoolteacher to ride aboard the Space Shuttle (see Space Shuttle Challenger).
• 1987 - Portugal - Elections for Parliament give victory with majority to PSD (Social Democratic Party) leadered by Cavaco Silva
• 1989 - A Douglas DC-10 carrying United Airlines flight 232 crashes in Sioux City, Iowa killing 112 but due to extraordinary efforts by the pilot and his crew, 184 on board survive.
• 1989 - O general Jaruzelski, candidato único, é eleito presidente da Polónia, com exactamente a metade e mais um votos no Parlamento.
• 1993 - Szymon Goldberg dies at 84. Polish violinist, conductor.
• 1996 - The 26th summer Olympics opening ceremonies began in Atlanta, Georgia/ Início das Olimpíadas de Atlanta (Estados Unidos). See Misha and Izzy 1980 and 1996 mascots
• 1998 - Elmer Valo dies (b. 1921). Baseball player.
• 2000 - Honduras ratifica o Protocolo de Kyoto
• 2000 - In Okinawa over 25,000 demonstrators formed a chain around a US Air Base to protest American presence ahead of the G-8 meeting.
• 2001 - UK politician and novelist Jeffrey Archer, Lord Archer of Weston-Super-Mare, is sentenced to four years in prison for perjury and perverting the course of justice.
• 2002 - Alan Lomax dies (b. 1915). American documenter of blues and folk songs.
• 2003 - Pierre Graber dies (b. 1908). Member of the Swiss Federal Council.
• 2003 - Bill Bright dies. Evangelist, founder of Campus Crusade for Christ
• 2004 - Durão Barroso é indigitado para presidente da Comissão Europeia.
• 2004 - Reverend Francis Marzen dies. Roman Catholic prelate.
• 2004 - Zenko Suzuki dies (b. 1911). Prime Minister of Japan
• 2005 - Death Valley, California registers a temperature of 53.9°C (129°F). A total of 12 days of 50°C (122°F) or higher was reported. Overnight temperatures of 37.8°C (100°F) or higher were also observed.
• 2005 - John Tyndall dies (b. 1934). British politician.
• Roman festivals - Lucaria
• Malaysia - Birthday of Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Ng Sembilan
• Myanmar - Martyr's Day
• Nicaragua - National Liberation Day
• Catholic - Feast of St. Vincent De Paul
• No Brasil comemora-se neste dia o Dia da Caridade e também o Dia Nacional do futebol