On this day in History - Mar. 18

• 0037 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Caligula emperor.
• 0417 - St Zosimus begins his reign as Catholic Pope .
• 0731 - St Gregory III begins his reign as Catholic Pope .
• 0978 - King Edward the Martyr of England, dies (b. c. 962) .
• 1227 - Pope Honorius III dies .
• 1229 - Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor declares himself King of Jerusalem during the Sixth Crusade.
• 1314 - Morte de Jacques DeMolay, destemido Cavaleiro da Ordem dos Templários, em Paris-França.
• 1438 - Albert II of Habsburg becomes King of Germany.
• 1483 Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio de Urbino), was born. Italian painter (Sistine Madonna) .
• 1584 - Ivan IV of Russia the terrible, Russian tsar (1547-84), dies at 53 .
• 1603 - Rei João IV de Portugal .
• 1673 - John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton sells his part of New Jersey to the Quakers.
• 1745 - Sir Robert Walpole, dies, Prime Minister of Britain, (b. 1676) .
• 1754 - Duke of Newcastle becomes English premier .
• 1766 - American Revolution: The British Parliament repeals the Stamp Act, which was very unpopular in the British colonies.
• 1766 - O Acto Declarativo afirma o direito, entre outros, de a Inglaterra lançar impostos sobre as colónias americanas, apesar de anteriormente no mesmo mês o Parlamento inglês ter revogado o Acto do Selo por 275 votos contra 161.
• 1768 - Lawrence Sterne dies . Writer (Sentimental Journey France & Italy).
• 1769 - Em Portugal, é promulgada a Lei da Boa Razão, a qual dá ao direito subsidiário uma nova dimensão no preenchimento das lacunas existentes no campo do direito privado .
• 1782 - John Calhoun, was born Vice President of the United States (d. 1850) .
• 1793 - 2nd Battle at Neerwinden: Austria army beats France.
• 1835 - Christian Gunther von Bernstorff, dies (b. 1767). Danish and Prussian statesman and diplomat.
• 1837- Grover Cleveland, was born, President of the United States (d. 1908) .
• 1838 - Sir William Randal Cremer, was born . English pacifist Nobel Prize for Peace in 1903.
• 1840 - William Cosmo Monkhouse, was born. Poet, critic (d. 1901) .
• 1842 - Nasceu o poeta francês Stéphane Mallarmé .
• 1844 - Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, was born (d. 21 Jun 1908). Composer (Scheherazade, Song of India, The Flight of the Bumblebee).
• 1850 - American Express is founded by Henry Wells & William Fargo.
• 1856 - La Paz de París pone fin a la Guerra de Crimea.
• 1858 - Rudolf Diesel, was born (d. 1913). Inventor of the compression ignition engine.
• 1861 - Tras diecisiete años de independencia, la ex-colonia de Santo Domingo vuelve a pertenecer a España.
• 1865 - American Civil War: The Congress of the Confederate States of America adjourns for the last time.
• 1865- Fusilamiento del patriota mexicano Romero, juzgado por un consejo de guerra francés.
• 1869 - Neville Chamberlain, was born ( Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1940) .
• 1870 - Estreia no Scala de Milan a ópera "O guarani", do compositor brasileiro Carlos Gomes .
• 1870 - Joaquín y Garbayo Gaztambide, Spanish composer, dies at 48 .
• 1871 - Início do movimento revolucionário conhecido pelo nome de Comuna de Paris.
• 1872 - Anna Held, was born, actress & singer, (d. 1918) .
• 1874 - Hawaii signs a treaty with the United States granting exclusive trading rights.
• 1877 - Edgar Cayce, was born, psychic (d. 1945) .
• 1879 - Foi fundado o Ginásio Clube Português .
• 1882 - Gian Francesco Malipiero, was born, composer .
• 1886 - Edward Everett Horton, was born, actor (d. 1970).
• 1897 - Criação das Escolas Normais, para habilitação de professores da instrução primária.
• 1899 - Jean Goldkette,was born, jazz musician (d. 1962).
• 1900 - Ajax Amsterdam Football Club is founded.
• 1900 - Morreu o poeta português António Nobre (n. 16 Ago 1867). [António Nobre, Portuguese poet (Só [Lonely]) dies ] .
• 1903 - As ordens religiosas são abolidas em França.
• 1903 - O. E. Plauen, was born, illustrator and cartoonist († 1944) .
• 1904 - Srečko Kosovel, was born, Slovenian poet († 1926) .
• 1905 - Thomas Townsend Brown, was born, scientist († 1985) .
• 1905 - Robert Donat, was born, actor († 1958) .
• 1909 - Einar Dessau uses a short-wave radio transmitter becoming the first to broadcast as a ham radio operator.
• 1910 - Chiang Ching-kuo, was born, President of the Republic of China († 1988) .
• 1911 - Criação do Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo.
• 1913- George I of Greece is assassinated.
• 1914 - Nascimento de Guerra Peixe (César Guerra-Peixe), compositor erudito moderno, em Petrópolis-RJ.
• 1915 - World War I: Three battleships are sunk during a failed British & French naval attack on the Dardanelles.
• 1918 - Al Benton, was born, Major League Baseball player († 1968) .
• 1919 - Fundación del Valencia C.F.
• 1920 - John Paul II [Karol Wojtyla], was born, Poland, Pope (1978- ) .
• 1921 - The second Peace of Riga between Poland and Soviet Union. Despite the recent Polish successes, Soviets annex Ukraine and Belarus. Government of Ukraine emigrates to France. Famine kills millions of Russians.
• 1922 - In India, Mohandas Gandhi is sentenced to six years in prison for civil disobedience. He would serve only 2 years.
• 1922 - Egon Bahr, was born, politician .
• 1925 - The Tri-State Tornado hits the Midwestern states of Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana, killing 695 people.
• 1926 - Peter Graves, was born, actor (Mission Impossible, The Winds of War, Airplane, Airplane 2, Stalag 17, The President’s Plane is Missing, The Night of the Hunter) .
• 1927 - George Plimpton, was born, writer († 2003) .
• 1928 - Fidel V Ramos was born, President of Philippines .
• 1930 - Pluto is discovered by Clyde Tombaugh (US) .
• 1931 - Juan Bautista Aznar becomes premier of Spain.
• 1932 - John Updike, was born, author The Witches of Eastwicke, Rabbit Run .
• 1933 - Radio Clube de Mocambique's, 1st radio transmission .
• 1936 - Frederik Willem de Klerk, was born. President of South Africa [1989-1994]; recipient [with Nelson Mandela] of Nobel Peace Prize [1993] for democratization of South Africa.
• 1936 - Nace Frederik de Klerk, estadista sudafricano premiado con el Nóbel de la Paz en 1993.
• 1937 - A natural gas explosion at a school in New London, Texas kills 298, mostly children).
• 1937 - Spanish Civil War: Spanish Republican forces hand theItalian forces a grave defeat at the Battle of Guadalajara.
• 1937 - Mark Donohueauto was born, auto racer - Indianapolis 500 winner [1972]; killed practicing for Austrian Grand Prix at Graz, Austria (19 Aug 1975).
• 1938 - Charley Pride, was born, country musician .
• 1938 - Mexico under the President Lázaro Cárdenas, nationalizes all foreign-owned oil properties within its borders.
• 1940 - World War II: Axis powers - Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini meet at Brenner Pass in the Alps and agree to form an alliance against France and the United Kingdom.
• 1941 - Wilson Pickett, was born, singer ( In the Midnight Hour, Land of 1000 Dances, Funky Broadway, Mustang Sally, It’s Too Late, Don’t Knock My Love); Rock and Roll Hall of Famer [1991] .
• 1945 - Nascimento de Marta Suplicy, psicanalista e política brasileira .
• 1945 - World War II: 1,250 American bombers attack Berlin.
• 1947 - Barry James Wilson, was born. English rock drummer (Procol Harum-Whiter Shade of Pale) .
• 1947 - David Lloyd, was born , cricketer (England opener, 214 vs India 1974) .
• 1947 - William C. Durant, dies, automobile pioneer, founder of General Motors .
• 1949 - Alex Higgins, was born, North Irish snooker player.
• 1949 - NATO set up by seven European countries .
• 1950 - Brad Dourif, was born, actor .
• 1953 - An earthquake hits western Turkey killing 250.
• 1955 - Morte de Armando de Arruda Pereira, em São Paulo-SP. Primeiro Rotariano latino-americano a ocupar a Presidência do Rotary International;
• 1959 - American President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs a bill into law allowing for Hawaiian statehood, which would become official on August 21.
• 1959 - Luc Besson, was born, producer, writer, director.
• 1960 - Richard Biggs, was born, actor (Days of Our Lives, Babylon 5) (d. 2004)
• 1961 - In Cannes, France, Jean-Claude Pascal wins the sixth Eurovision Song Contest for Luxembourg singing "Nous les amoureux" (We the lovers).
• 1962 - France and Algeria sign an agreement ending the Algerian War.
• 1962 - In Luxembourg, Isabelle Aubret wins the seventh Eurovision Song Contest for France singing "Un premier amour" (A first love).
• 1963 - Vanessa Williams, was born, actress, singer, Miss America .
• 1964 - Bonnie Blair, was born, Olympic gold medalist in speed skating .
• 1964 - Irene Cara, was born, actress, singer .
• 1964 - Desaparece el matemático Norbert Wiener.
• 1964- Sigfrid Edström, dies, Swedish sports official, (b. 1870) .
• 1965 - King Farouk I of Egypt, dies, (b. 1920) .
• 1965 - Cosmonaut Aleksei Leonov, leaving his spacecraft Voskhod 2 for 12 minutes, becomes the first person to walk in space.
• 1967 - The Beatles received a gold record for the hit single, Penny Lane. This was not an unusual event for The Beatles .
• 1968 - Gold standard: The U.S. Congress repeals the requirement for a gold reserve to back US currency.
• 1970 - Lon Nol ousts Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia.
• 1970 - Queen Latifah, was born, singer, actress .
• 1971 - A landslide at Chungar, Peru crashes into Lake Yanahuani killing 200.
• 1973- Max Barry, was born, author .
• 1974 - Oil embargo crisis: Most OPEC nations end a five-month oil embargo against the United States, Europe and Japan.
• 1977 - España: decreto de amnistía para los presos políticos.
• 1977 - Marien Ngouabi, dies (b. 1938). President of the Republic of the Congo .
• 1978 - Leigh Brackett,dies, science fiction author, (b. 1915) .
• 1978 - Pakistani former premier Ali Bhutto sentenced to death .
• 1980 - In Russia, a Vostok rocket explodes on its launch pad during a fueling operation, killing 50.
• 1980 - Muere Erich Fromm, psicoanalista de origen alemán.
• 1980 - Alexei Yagudin, was born, figure skater .
• 1984 - El general uruguayo Liber Seregni es puesto en libertad, tras siete años de cárcel por motivos políticos.
• 1989 - In Egypt, a 4,400-year-old mummy is found in the Pyramid of Cheops.
• 1990 - 12 paintings, collectively worth $100 million, are stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston, Massachusetts. This is the largest art theft in US history.
• 1990 - East Germany's first elections in over sixty years .
• 1992 - Microsoft ships Windows 3.1.
• 1992 - Muere el cantante Antonio Molina.
• 1994 - Muere José Coronel Urtecho, poeta nicaragüense.
• 1995 - Boda de la Infanta Elena de Borbón con Jaime de Marichalar.
• 1996 - Muere la actriz cómica argentina Niní Marshall.
• 1997 - The tail of a Russian An-24 charter plane breaks off while en-route to Turkey causing the plane to crash and killing all 50 on board. This leads to the grounding of all An-24s.
• 1999 - Juan Antonio Samaranch es ratificado como presidente del Comité Olímpico Internacional.
• 2000 - 2000 Taiwanese presidential election: Chen Shui-bian is elected President of the Republic of China.
• 2001 - John Phillips, dies, musician (The Mamas and the Papas), (b. 1935) .
• 2002 - R.A. Lafferty, dies, science fiction writer (b. 1914) .
• 2003 - Adam Osborne, dies, computer pioneer, (b. 1939) .
• 2003 - Karl Kling, dies, car racing driver .
• 2003 - Alan Keith, dies, BBC radio show host .
• 2003 - Luis Felipe Angell, (Sofocleto) muere. Escritor peruano, es considerado el más prolífero escritor de la lengua castellana .
• 2004 - Harrison McCain, dies, Canadian Businessman .
• Aruba, Haiti : Flag Day/National Holiday.