Nothingandall: On this day in History

753 BC - Romulus founds Rome (traditional).
043 BC - Mark Antony is defeated in battle by consul Hirtius in the Battle of Mutina, who is killed.
0748 - Empress Gensho of Japan dies (b. 0680).
0953 - Otto I the Great gives Utrecht fishing rights.
1073 - Pope Alexander II [Anselmo da Baggio], Pope (1061-73), dies.
1109 - Anselm of Canterbury dies (b. 1033). Archbishop of Canterbury.
1142 - Pierre Abélard dies (b. 1079). French writer.
1329 - Frederick IV, Duke of Lorraine dies (b. 1282).
1506 - Portugal: The Lisbon Massacre ends: during three days (began on Apr. 19) hundreds of jews are killed.
1509 - King Henry VII of England dies (b. 1457).
1519 - Hernán Cortés lands in Veracruz, México.
1551 - Oda Nobuhide dies (b. 1510). Japanese warlord.
1555 - Ludovico Carracci was born (d. 1619). Italian painter.
1557 - Petrus Apianus dies (b. 1495) German mathematician.
1574 - Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany dies (b. 1519).
1651 - Blessed Joseph Vaz was born (d. 1711). Apostle of Ceylon.
1652 - Michel Rolle was born (d. 1719). French mathematician.
1671 - John Law was born (d. 1729). Scottish economist.
1673 - Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick was born (d. 1742). Holy Roman Empire Empress.
1699 - Jean Racine dies (b. 1639). French dramatist.
1701 - Asano Naganori dies (b. 1667). Japanese warlord.
1713 - Louis, 4th duc de Noailles was born (d. 1793). Marshal of France.
1719 - Philippe de la Hire dies (b. 1640). French mathematician and historian.
1720 - Antoine Hamilton dies (b. 1646). French writer.

1722 - Robert Beverley, Jr. dies (b. 1673). Historian of Colonial Virginia.

1729 - Empress Catherine II of Russia was born (d. 1796).

1767 - Elisabeth of Württemberg was born (d. 1790). Empress consort of the Holy Roman Empire.

1774 - Jean-Baptiste Biot was born (d. 3 Feb 1862). French physicist who helped formulate the Biot-Savart law, which concerns magnetic fields, and laid the basis for saccharimetry, a useful technique of analyzing sugar solutions.

1775 - Alexander Anderson was born (d. 1870). American wood-engraver and illustrator.

1782 - Friedrich Froebel was born. German educationalist.

1789 - John Adams sworn in as first US Vice President, 9 days before Washington is sworn in as president.

1792 - Tiradentes [Joaquim José da Silva Xavier] dies hanged (b. 1746). Brazilian revolutionary who was leading a movement for Brazil's independence.

1793 - John Michell dies (b. 1724). British geologist and astronomer who is considered the father of seismology, the science of earthquakes.

1809 – Two Austrian army corps are driven from Landshut by a First French Empire army led by Napoleon I of France as two French corps to the north hold off the main Austrian army on the first day of the Battle of Eckmühl.

1810 - John Putnam Chapin was born (d. 1864). American politician, Mayor of Chicago.

1811 - Alson Sherman was born (d. 1903). Mayor of Chicago.

1814 - Angela Georgina Burdett-Coutts was born (d. 1906). English philanthropist.

1815 - Joseph Winston dies (b. 1746). American patriot and Congressman from North Carolina.

1816 - Charlotte Brontë was born (d. 1855). English author.

1822 - Combate de Riobamba: 96 granaderos al mando de Lavalle derrotan a más de 400 realistas.

1825 - Johann Friedrich Pfaff dies (b. 22 Dec 1765). German mathematician who proposed the first general method of integrating partial differential equations of the first order.

1830 - James Starley was born (d. 17 June 1881). British inventor and father of the bicycle industry.

1835 - Samuel Slater dies (b. 9 June 1768). English-American mechanical engineer who founded the American cotton-textile industry.

1836 - Texas Revolution: Battle of San Jacinto - Republic of Texas forces under Sam Houston defeat troops under Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna. (Santa Anna and hundreds of his troops are taken prisoner along the San Jacinto River the next day.)

1837 - Fredrik Bajer was born. Danish writer and pacifist, Nobel Prize in Peace - 1908.

1838 - John Muir was born (d. 24 Dec 1814). Scottish-American naturalist, farmer, explorer, writer, conservationist, who championed the establishment of Sequoia and Yosemite national parks in California.Environmentalist.

1843 - Walther Flemming was born (d. 4 Aug 1905). German anatomist, a founder of the science of cytogenetics (the study of the cell's hereditary material, the chromosomes). He was the first to observe and describe systematically the behaviour of chromosomes in the cell nucleus during normal cell division (mitosis).

1849 - Oskar Hertwig was born (d. 25 Oct 1922). German embryologist and cytologist who did extensive work on the nuclear transmission of heredity. He was the first to recognize that the essential event in fertilization is the fusion of the nuclei of the sperm and ovum.

1851 - Charles Barrois was born (d. 1939). French geologist.

1852 - Ivan Nabokov dies (b. 1787). Russian general.

1854 - William Stang was born (d. 1907). Roman Catholic Bishop.

1863 - Bahá'u'lláh is proclaimed as the head of the Bahá'í Faith. Declaration of Baha'u'llah; Baha'i Feast of Ridvan (Jalal 13, 20)

1863 - American Civil War: "Steight's Raid" begins - Troops led by Union Colonel Abel Streight move into northern Alabama and Georgia to cut the Western and Atlantic Railroad between Chattanooga, Tennessee and Atlanta, Georgia (the raid failed).

1863 – Sir Robert Bateson, 1st Baronet dies (b. 1782). Irish nobility.

1864 - Max Weber was born (d. 1920). German economist and sociologist.

1868 - Henry James O'Farrell dies hanged. Australian would-be assassin of Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh.

1870 - Edwin S. Porter was born (d. 1941). American film pioneer.

1878 - Pope Leo XIII publishes encyclical Inscrutabili.

1879 - Kartini was born (d. 1904). Indonesian national heroine.

1882 - Percy Williams Bridgman was born (d. 20 Aug 1961). American experimental physicist noted for his studies of materials at high temperatures and pressures. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1946 for his "invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics."

1887 - Joe McCarthy was born (d. 1978). American baseball manager.

1889 - Manuel Prado y Ugarteche was born. President of Perú (1939-1945 and 1956-1962).

1889 - Paul Karrer was born (d. 18 Jun 1971). Swiss chemist who investigated the constitution of carotenoids, flavins, and vitamins A and B2, for which he shared Nobel Prize in Chemistry -1937 (with Sir Norman Haworth of Great Britain).

1891 - José Elias Garcia dies (b. 1830). Portuguese politician.

1894 - Norway formally adopts the Krag-Jørgensen rifle as the main arm of its armed forces, a weapon that would remain in service for almost 50 years.

1896 - Henry de Montherlant was born (d. 1972). French novelist and essayis.

1898 - Spanish-American War: The U.S. Congress, on April 25, recognized that a state of war had existed between the United States and Spain as of this date.

1898 - Maurice Wilson was born (d. 1934). Everest climber, Yorkshire hero.

1904 – Odilo Globocnik was born (d. 1945). Austrian Nazi.

1905 - Pat Brown was born (d. 1996). American politician.

1907 - Enrique Líster was born. Spanish militar and politician.

1907 - Antoni Szalowski was born (d. 1973). Polish composer.

1909 - Dr. Rollo May was born (d. 22 Oct 1994). American psychologist who is the best known American existential psychologist.

1910 - Mark Twain dies (b. 1835). American author and humorist.

1911 - Ivan Combe was born (d. 2000). American inventor.

1911 - Alfred Elis Törnebohm dies (b. 16 Oct 1838). Swedish geologist and pioneer in the study and analysis of mountain structure.

1912 - The New York Giants and New York Yankees play an exhibition game to benefit survivors of the RMS Titanic.

1912 - Marcel Camus was born (d. 1982). French film director.

1913 - Choh Hao Li was born (d. 28 Nov 1987). Chinese-American biochemist and experimental endocrinologist who with his co-workers isolated in pure form six of the eight hormones known to be secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.

1914 - Revolución Mexicana: los marines estadounidenses ocupan Veracruz.

1914 - Norman Panama was born (d. 2003). American screenwriter.

1915 - Anthony Quinn was born in Mexico (d. 3 Jun 2001). Oscar-winning actor, Zorba the Greek, Lawrence of Arabia.

1915 – Garrett Hardin was born (d. 2003). American ecologist.

1918 - World War I: German fighter ace Manfred von Richthofen (b. 1892), known as "The Red Baron," is shot down and killed by Allied fire over Vaux sur Somme in France.

1918 - Manfred von Richthofen dies (b. 1892). German pilot.

1919 - Don Cornell was born (d. 2004). American singer.

1920 - Anselmo Duarte was born in Salto, SP, Brazil. Brazilian actor and director.

1920 - Edmund Adamkiewicz was born (d. 1991). German footballer.

1920 - Ronald Magill was born (d. 2007). British actor.

1922 - The first Aggie Muster was held as a rememberance for fellow Aggies who had died in the previous year.

1922 - Alistair MacLean was born (d. 1987). Scotish author.

1922 - Caso y Andrade was born (d. 30 Nov 1984). Mexican archaeologist and government official who explored the early Oaxacan cultures and is best remembered for his excavation of Tomb Seven at Monte Albán, the earliest-known North American necropolis. [El mapa de Teozacoalco, (1949); Kings and Kingdoms of the Mixteca].

1922 - Alessandro Moreschi dies (b. 1858). Italian castrato.

1923 - John Mortimer was born. English barrister and writer.

1924 - Clara Ward was born (d. 1973). Gospel music singer.

1924 - Ira Louvin was born (d. 1965). Country music singer, songwriter, and musician.

1924 - Eleonora Duse dies (b. 1858). Italian actress.

1925 - Sir Anthony Mason was born. Former Chief Justice of Australia.

1926 - Arthur Rowley was born (d. 2002). English footballer.

1926 – Queen Elizabeth II was born. Queen of England, since 1952.

1926 - Sir Henry Christopher Mance dies (b. 1840). British scientist and engineer who invented the heliograph, a signaling device that employs two mirrors to gather sunlight and send it to a prearranged spot as a coded series of short and long flashes.

1927 - Estádio São Januário is inaugurated with the match Vasco da Gama x Santos.

1927 - Gerald Flood was born (d. 1989). British actor.

1928 - Anselmo de Andrade dies. Portuguese politician and economist.

1930 - A fire at a Columbus, Ohio penitentiary kills 320 people.

1930 - Hilda Hilst was born (d. 2004). Brazilian poet, writer and dramatist.

1930 - Silvana Mangano was born in Rome (d. 1989). Italian actress (Death in Venice, Barabbas).

1930 - Robert Bridges dies (b. 1844). English poet.

1932 - Elaine May was born. American comedian.

1933 - Ohio, EE.UU.: el dirigible Macon hace su vuelo inaugural.

1935 - King Boris of Bulgaria forbids all political parties.

1935 - Charles Grodin was born. American actor and journalist.

1935 - Thomas Kean was born. Governor of New Jersey and 9/11 Commission Chairman.

1936 - James Dobson was born. American evangelist.

1937 - Club Deportivo Universidad Católica of Santiago (Chile) is founded.

1938 - Ernie Maresca was born. American singer, songwriter and record executive.

1938 - Allama Iqbal dies (b. 1887). Indian philosopher and poet.

1939 - Helen Prejean was born. American nun and writer.

1942 - The most famous (and first international) Aggie Muster was held during WWII, on the Philippine island of Corregidor, by Brigadier General George F. Moore (with 25 fellow Aggies who were under his command), while 1.8 million pounds of shells pounded the island over a 5 hour long attack.

1943 - Football Club Nantes Atlantique, France is founded.

1944 - Women in France receive the right to vote.

1944 - Adrian Hurley was born. Australian basketball coach.

1945 - World War II: Soviet Union forces south of Berlin at Zossen attack the German High Command headquarters.

1945 - Ana Lúcia Torre was born in São Paulo. Brazilian actress.

1945 - Diana Darvey was born (d. 2000). British actress, singer and dancer.

1945 - Walter Model dies (b. 1891). German field marshal.

1946 - John Maynard Keynes dies (b. 1883). English economist.

1947 - Iggy Pop was born. American musician (The Stooges).

1947 - John Weider was born. British rock musician (Eric Burdon and the Animals, Family).

1948 - Gary Condit was born. American politician.

1948 - Paul Davis was born. American singer.

1948 - Claire Denis was born in Paris. French actress (Boom Boom, Chocolat).

1948 – Aldo Leopold dies (b. 1887). American ecologist and author.

1948 - Carlos López Buchardo dies (b. 1881). Argentine musician and composer.

1949 - Patti Lupone was born. American singer and actress.

1951 - The National Olympic Committee of the USSR was formed.

1951 - Michael Hartley Freedman, was born. American mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1986 for his solution of the Poincaré conjecture in four dimensions.

1951 - Michael Hartley Freedman was born.American mathematician.

1951 - Robert Gotobed was born. English drummer (Wire).

1951 - Steve Vickers was born. Canadian ice hockey player.

1951 - Tony Danza was born. American actor and talk show host.

1952 - Secretary's Day (now Administrative Professionals' Day) is first celebrated.

1953 - Roy Cohn and G. David Schine, two of Senator Joseph McCarthy's chief aides, recommend the removal of 30,000 books from the libraries of the United States Information Service posts in Europe, including works by Dashiell Hammett, W. E. B. Du Bois, Herman Melville, John Steinbeck and Henry David Thoreau, calling them "pro-Communist".

1954 - Gregori Malenkov becomes premier of USSR.

1954 - Ebiet G. Ade was born. Indonesian singer.

1954 - James Morrison was born. American actor.

1955 - Bob Hope's radio program airs its last segment.

1956 - Elvis Presley's song "Heartbreak Hotel" becomes the "King's" first song to reach the top of the Billboard magazine music charts.

1956 - Phillip Longman was born. American demographer.

1956 - Charles MacArthur dies (b. 1895). American writer.

1957 - Pope Pius XII publishes encyclical Fidei Donum.

1957 - Edward Leslie was born. American professional wrestler.

1957 - Sir John Graham Kerr dies (b. 18 Sep 1869). English embryologist and pioneer in naval camouflage who greatly advanced knowledge of the evolution of vertebrates and, in 1914, was among the first to advocate camouflage of ships by means of "dazzle" (countershading and strongly contrasting patches).

1958 - Andie MacDowell was born. American actress.

1958 - Edward Leslie was born. American professional wrestler.

1958 - Michael S. Zarnock was born. American author /columnist / Guinness World Record Holder.

1958 - Yoshito Usui was born. Japanese manga artist.

1959 - Gene Callahan was born. American writer.

1959 - Jerry Only was born. American musician (The Misfits).

1959 - Michael Timmins was born. Canadian folk/rock guitarist, songwriter (Cowboy Junkies).

1959 - Robert Smith was born. English musician The Cure.

1959 - Tim Jacobus was born. American artist (Goosebumps).

1960 - Brasília, Brazil's capital, is officially inaugurated. At 9:30 am the Three Powers of the Republic were simultaneously transferred from the old capital, Rio de Janeiro.

1960 - Founding of the Orthodox Baha'i faith in Washington, DC.

1960 - Michel Goulet was born. Canadian ice hockey player.

1961 - O austronauta soviético Yuri Gagarin torna-se o primeiro homem a ser lançado no espaço.

1961 - French army revolts in Algeria.

1962 - The Seattle World's Fair (Century 21 Exposition) opens. It is the first World's Fair in the U.S. since World War II.

1962 - Chris Ditchburn was born. British actor and TV presenter.

1962 - Les Lancaster was born. American baseball player.

1962 - Sir Frederick Handley Page dies (b. 15 Nov 1885). British aircraft designer who built the Handley Page 0/400, the world's first twin-engine bomber for the Royal Flying Corps, one of the largest planes used in WW I.

1963 - The Universal House of Justice of the Bahá'í faith is elected for the first time.

1963 - John Cameron Mitchell was born. American actor.

1963 - Ken Caminiti was born (d. 2004). American baseball player.

1963 - Roy Dupuis was born. Canadian actor.

1964 – A Transit-5bn satellite fails to reach orbit after launch; as it re-enters the atmosphere, 2.1 pounds of radioactive plutonium in its SNAP RTG power source is widely dispersed.

1964 - Alex Baumann was born. Canadian olympic swimmer.

1964 - Ludmila Engquist was born. Russian-born Swedish athlete.

1965 - The 1964-1965 New York World's Fair opens for its second and final season.

1965 - Ed Belfour was born. Canadian ice hockey player.

1965 – Fiona Kelleghan was born. American academic and critic.

1965 – Gary Grant was born. American basketball player.

1965 - Karen Foster was born. American model (Playboy).

1965 - Sir Edward Victor Appleton dies (b. 6 Sep 1892). English physicist, born in Bradford, who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1947 for his discovery of the so-called Appleton layer of the ionosphere, which is a dependable reflector of radio waves and as such is useful in communication.

1966 - Nos Estados Unidos, foi realizada a primeira implantação de um coração artificial num ser humano.

1966 - Rastafari Movement: Haile Selassie of Ethiopia visits Jamaica. (Grounation Day).

1966 - Michael Franti was born. American musician.

1967 - A few days before the general election in Greece, Colonel George Papadopoulos leads a coup d'état establishing a military regime that lasted for seven years.

1967 - André-Louis Danjon dies (b. 6 Apr 1890). French astronomer who devised a now standard five-point scale for rating the darkness and colour of a total lunar eclipse, which is known as the Danjon Luminosity Scale.

1969 - 73rd Boston Marathon won by Yoshiaki Unetani of Japan in 2:13:49.

1969 - Robin Meade was born. American reporter.

1969 – Toby Stephens was born. British actor.

1970 - The Hutt River Province "secedes" from the Commonwealth of Australia.

1970 - Glen Hansard was born. Irish song-writer and actor.

1970 - Nicole Sullivan was born. American actress, comedian and writer.

1970 - Rob Riggle was born. American comedian.

1971 - Alexander Kravchenko was born. Russian professional poker player.

1971 - Eric Mabius was born. American actor.

1971 – Hasan Akbar was born. American convicted murderer.

1971 - Michael Turner was born. American comic book artist.

1971 - François "Papa Doc" Duvalier dies (b. 1907). Haitian dictator.

1971 - Jean Claude Duvalier becomes ruler of Haiti, succeeding his father's death, François "Papa Doc" Duvalier, until his overthrow by a popular uprising in 1986.

1971 - Jennifer Reed was born. Miss USA-Michigan 1997.

1972 - John Young y Charles Duke, tripulantes del Apolo 16, exploran la superficie de la Luna.

1972 - Gwendal Peizerat was born. French ice dancer.

1972 - Severina Vučković was born. Croatian singer.

1972 - Juan Carlos Castagnino dies (b. 19 Nov 1928). Argentine painter.

1973 - Bárbara Guimarães was born. Portuguese TV presenter and journalist.

1973 - Jonathan Nsenga was born. Belgian athlete.

1973 - Arthur Fadden dies (b. 1894). Thirteenth Prime Minister of Australia.

1974 - Charles "Chic" Harley dies (b. 1895). American football player.

1975 - Vietnam War: President of South Vietnam Nguyen Van Thieu flees Saigon, as Xuan Loc, the last South Vietnamese outpost blocking a direct North Vietnamese assault on Saigon, falls.

1975 - 4th Boston Women's Marathon won by Liane Winter of W Germ in 2:42:24 (world record).

1975 - 79th Boston Marathon won by Bill Rodgers of Mass in 2:09:55.

1975 - Last South Vietnam president Nguyen Van Thieu resigns after 10 years.

1976 - Rommel Adducul was born. Filipino basketball player.

1977 – Doseone was born. American rapper

1977 - Jamie Salé was born. Canadian figure skater.

1977 - Karen Ann Peterson was born. Miss Aruba Universe 1997.

1977 - Gummo Marx dies (b. 1892). American actor, comedian, Marx Brothers.

1977 - Héctor German Oesterheld dies (b.1919). Argentine writer and guionist, born in Buenos Aires. Oesterheld is probably the most important comics writer from South America.

1978 - Branden Steineckert was born. American drummer (Rancid, formerly of The Used).

1978 - Jacob Burns was born. Australian footballer.

1978 - Jukka Nevalainen was born. Finnish drummer (Nightwish).

1978 - Angelo Maria Ripellino dies (b. 1923 ). Italian Critic and poet born in Palermo, Sicily, Italy. He wrote extensively on Contemporary Russian literature and Czech literature.

1978 - Sandy Denny dies (b. 1947). British vocalist.

1978 - Thomas Wyatt Turner dies (b. 1877). American civil rights advocate and agricultural engineer.

1979 - James McAvoy was born. Scottish actor.

1979 – Tobias Linderoth was born. Swedish footballer.

1980 - 84th Boston Marathon won by Bill Rodgers of Mass in 2:12:11.

1980 - 9th Boston Women's Marathon won by Jacqueline Gareau of Canada in 2:34:28 Rosie Ruiz disqualified as women's champ she hadn't run entire course.

1980 – Jeff Keppinger was born. American baseball player.

1980 – Martin Rosete was born. Spanish film director and publicist.

1980 - Tony Romo was born. American football player.

1980 - Vincent Lecavalier was born. Canadian hockey player.

1980 - Aleksandr Oparin dies (b. 18 Feb 1894). Russian biochemist noted for his studies on the origin of life from chemical matter.

1980 - Sohrab Sepehri was born (d. 1928). Persian poet and painter.

1981 - Stephanie Larimore was born. American model.

1982 - Rollie Fingers of the Milwaukee Brewers becomes the first pitcher to record 300 saves.

1982 - Carnell "Cadillac" Williams was born. American football player.

1983 - Paweł Brożek was born. Polish footballer.

1983 – Tarvaris Jackson was born. American football player.

1983 - Walter Slezak dies (b. 1902). Austrian actor.

1984 - Eric Devendorf was born. American basketball player.

1984 - Manuel "Manucho" Mujica Lainez dies (b. 1910). Argentine journalist and novelist.

1985 - Ayrton Senna wins the first of 41 Formula One championship races at the Portuguese Grand Prix in Estoril.

1985 - Ingrid Kristiansen wins London Marathon in a record 2:21:06.

1985 - Foster Hewitt dies (b. 1902). Canadian radio pioneer.

1985 - Rudi Gernreich dies (b. 1922). Austrian fashion designer.

1985 - Tancredo Neves dies in São Paulo (b. 1910). Elected President of Brazil.

1986 - Geraldo Rivera opens Al Capone's vault on live television and finds nothing.

1986 - 15th Boston Women's Marathon won by I Kristiansen of Norway in 2:24:55 April 21, 1986 - 90th Boston Marathon won by Rob de Castella of Australia in 2:07:51.

1986 - Alexander Edler was born. Swedish hockey player.

1986 - Audra Cohen was born. American tennis player.

1986 – Rodney Stuckey was born. American basketball player.

1986 - Salah Jaheen dies (b. 1930). Egyptian poet and cartoonist.

1987 - The Tamil Tigers are blamed for a car bomb that explodes in the Sri Lankan capital of Colombo, killing 106 people.

1987 - La Asamblea Nacional francesa aprueba el Tratado franco-británico para la construcción del túnel bajo el Canal de La Mancha.

1987 – Eric Devendorf was born. American basketball player.

1987 - Nadif Chowdhury was born. Bangladeshi cricketer.

1988 - El escritor mexicano Carlos Fuentes recibe el Premio Cervantes de Literatura.

1988 - Pedro Mosquera was born. Spanish footballer.

1988 - Robbie Amell was born. Canadian actor.

1989 - Tiananmen Square Protests of 1989: In Beijing, around 100,000 students gather in Tiananmen Square to commemorate the late Chinese reform leader Hu Yaobang.

1989 - Princess Dukhye of Korea dies (b. 1912).

1990 - Richard Bevan Braithwaite dies (b. 15 Jan 1900). British philosopher best known for his theories in the philosophy of science and in moral and religious philosophy.

1990 - Erté dies (b. 1892). French artist.

1991 - Jakov Tolstikov wins 4th World Cup marathon (2:09:17).

1991 - Rosa Mota wins 4th World Cup female marathon (2:26:14) / A atleta portuguesa Rosa Mota venceu a maratona de Londres.

1991 - 52nd PGA Seniors Golf Championship: Jack Nicklaus.

1991 - Willi Boskovsky dies (b. 1909). Austrian violinist and conductor.

1992 - Death penalty: After 13 years on death row, convicted murderer Robert Alton Harris is executed in California's gas chamber.

1992 - Vladimir K Romanov, Grand Duke/Russian pretender to the throne, dies at 74.

1993 - Brazil votes against a monarchy.

1993 – The Supreme Court in La Paz, Bolivia, sentences former dictator Luis Garcia Meza to 30 years in jail without parole for murder, theft, fraud and violating the constitution.

1993 - Portugal: A escritora Maria Ondina Braga recebe o Prémio Eça de Queiroz pelo seu romance Nocturno em Lisboa.

1994 - The first discovery of extrasolar planets are announced by astronomer Alexander Wolszczan.

1994 - Raúl Soldi dies (b. 1905). Argentine painter.

1996 - 57th PGA Seniors Golf Championship: Hale Irwin.

1996 - Dzhokhar Dudaev dies (b. 1944). President of Republic of Chechenia.

1996 - Jimmy the Greek dies (b. 1919). American bookie and sports broadcaster.

1997 - Andres Rodriguez dies. Paraguayan president (1989-93).

1997 - Diosdado Macapagal dies. Philippine president (1961-65).

1997 - 101st Boston Marathon won by Lameck Aguta of Kenya in 2:10:34.

1997 - 26th Boston Women's Marathon won by Fatuma Roba of Ethopia in 2:26:23.

1998 - Jean Francois Lyotard dies (b. 1924). French philosopher and sociologist.

1998 - Luís Eduardo Magalhães dies (b. 1955). Brazilian politician.