On this day in History - May 13

• 0535 - St. Agapitus I began his reign as Catholic Pope.
• 1162 - Géza II of Hungary dies.
• 1176 - Matthias I, Duke of Lorraine dies (b. 1119).
• 1232 - Papa Gregório IX canoniza Fernando de Bulhões (Santo António de Pádua ou de Lisboa como também é conhecido) .
• 1312 - Theobald II, Duke of Lorraine dies (b. 1263).
• 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. In Florence the Dominican monk Girolamo Savonarola (1452-1498) had led the burning of musical instruments, books and priceless works of art. He preached against corruption in the Church and civil government.
• 1524 - Arriban al islote de San Juan de Ulúa en la Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz, los primeros misioneros llegados a estas tierras del Nuevo Mundo. Son doce franciscanos encabezados por los frailes Martín de Valencia, García de Cisneros y Toribio de Paredes o Benavente.
• 1568 - Battle of Langside: the forces of Mary Queen of Scots are defeated by a confederacy of Scottish Protestants under James Stewart, Earl of Moray, her half-brother.
• 1573 - Takeda Shingen dies (b. 1521). Japanese warlord.
• 1588 - Ole Worm was born (d. 1654). Danish physician.
• 1598 - Enrique IV de Francia promulga el Edicto de Nantes que garantiza la tolerancia religiosa.
• 1607 - Jamestown, Virginia is settled as an English colony.
• 1619 - Dutch statesman Johan van Oldenbarnevelt is executed in The Hague after having been accused of treason.
• 1638 - Richard Simon was born (d. 1712). French Biblical critic.
• 1643 - Chile: el terremoto de Santiago siega la vida a la tercera parte de la población.
• 1648 - Construction of the Red Fort at Delhi was completed.
• 1648 - Asume el gobierno de la Nueva España, Marcos de Torres y Rueda, obispo de Yucatán, con el nombramiento de gobernador o presidente de la Audiencia, y quien sustituye al 19º virrey García Sarmiento de Sotomayor.
• 1653 - Morte de D. Teodósio. Filho de D. João IV e D. Luísa Francisca de Gusmão.
• 1655 - Pope Innocent XIII [Michelangiolo dei Conti] was born (d. 1724). 244th Roman Catholic Pope (1721-24).
• 1695 - Pierre-François Mignard I “le Romain”, dies (b. 17 Nov 1612). French Baroque painter.
• 1699 - Marquis of Pombal was born (d. 1782). Prime Minister of Portugal / Nasce Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, Conde de Oeiras e Marquês de Pombal, was born (d. 1782). Primeiro ministro português no reinado de D. José. Portuguese prime minister.
• 1704 - Louis Bourdaloue dies (b. 1632). French Jesuit preacher.
• 1712 - Johann Hartwig Ernst, Count von Bernstorff was born (d. 1772). Danish statesman.
• 1714 - Es aprobada por el Rey Felipe V la Fundación de la Real Academia Española de la Lengua.
• 1717 - Empress Maria Theresa of Austria was born (d. 1780). Wife of Napoleon.
• 1730 - Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham was born (d. 1782). Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• 1732 - Theodor Schwarzkopf dies at 72. Composer.
• 1753 - Lazare Carnot was born (d. 1823). French general, politician, and mathematician.
• 1765 - Vieira Portuense was born. Portuguese painter.
• 1767 - John VI of Portugal was born (d. 26 Mar 1826). / Nascia o que viria a ser o Rei D. João VI de Portugal (1816-1826) .
• 1776 - Rodrigo Ferreira da Costa was born. Portuguese composer.
• 1777 - Portugal - Aclamação de D. Maria I no Terreiro do Paço.
• 1779 - War of Bavarian Succession: Russian and French mediators at the Congress of Teschen negotiate an end to the war. In the agreement Austria receives the part of its territory that was taken from them (the Inn District).
• 1787 - Captain Arthur Phillip leaves Portsmouth, England with eleven ships full of convicts to establish a penal colony in Australia.
• 1792 - Giovanni-Maria Mastaia-Ferretti, later Pope Pius IX -"Pio Nono" (1846-78), was born at Sinigaglia (d. 1878).
• 1792 - Pope Pius IX was born (d. 1878).
• 1794 - Louis-Leopold Robert was born (d. 1835). French painter.
• 1795 - Gérard Paul Deshayes was born (d. 1875). French geologist.
• 1797 - Inauguration of Royal Library in Lisbon, Portugal
• 1797 - Inauguration of Teatro de São João in Porto, Portugal
• 1807 - Eliphalet Dyer dies (b. 1721). American statesman and judge.
• 1811 - Criação da Biblioteca Nacional, no Rio de Janeiro - Brasil. Um símbolo da cultura e da educação desta nação;
• 1830 - Ecuador gains its independence with Juan Jose Flores as first President.
• 1830 - Zebulon Baird Vance was born (d. 1894). Three-time governor of North Carolina.
• 1832 - Georges Cuvier dies (b. 1769). French naturalist.
• 1835 - John Nash dies (b. 1752). English architect.
• 1837 - Portugal - Conspiração das Marnotas. Tentativa de sublevação miguelista. As forças concentradas nesta localidade, perto de Loures, de 13 para 14 de Maio dirigiram-se para Salvaterra e entraram a 15 em Samora Correia onde aclamaram D. Miguel. A revolta foi sufocada rapidamente.
• 1840 - Alphonse Daudet was born (d. 1897). French novelist.
• 1842 - Arthur Sullivan of Gilbert and Sullivan was born. English composer (d. 1900).
• 1844 - España: creación de la Guardia Civil.
• 1846 - Mexican-American War: The United States declares war on Mexico.
• 1848 - First performance of Finland's national anthem.
• 1854- Pedro Bonifacio Palacios («Almafuerte» was born. Argentine educator and poet.
• 1855 - Ludwig Deutsch was born (d. 1935). Austrian French academic painter specialized in Orientalism.
• 1857 - Sir Ronald Ross was born (d. 16 Sep 1932). British bacteriologist who received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine -1902 for his work on malaria. His discovery of the malarial parasite in the gastrointestinal tract of the Anopheles mosquito led to the realization that malaria was transmitted by Anopheles.
• 1859 - Raimundo Correia was born in Baía de Mogúncia, MA (d. in Paris on 13 Sep 1911). Brazilian poet.
• 1861 - American Civil War: Queen Victoria of Britain issues a "proclamation of neutrality" which recognizes the breakaway states as having belligerent rights.
• 1861 - Great Comet of 1861 discovered in Australia.
• 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Resaca - the battle begins with Union General Sherman fighting toward Atlanta.
• 1865 - American Civil War: Battle of Palmito Ranch - In far south Texas, more than a month after Confederate General Lee's surrender, the last land battle of the Civil War ends with a Union victory.
• 1866 - Nikolai Brashman dies (b. 1796). Russian mathematician.
• 1867 - Sir Frank William Brangwyn was born (d. 11 Jun 1956). English painter and graphic artist.
• 1867 - Ramón Menéndez Pidal was born. Philologist and historian.
• 1871 - Daniel Auber dies (b. 1782). French composer.
• 1880 - In Menlo Park, New Jersey, Thomas Edison performs the first test of his electric railway.
• 1882 - Georges Braque was born in Argenteuil, near Paris (d. 31 Aug 1963). French Cubist and Fauvist painter, collagist, draftsman, printmaker, illustrator, and sculptor. [Viaduct à l'Estaque; Le Chaudron ; Fenêtres: Oiseaux Gris; Grand Nude ].
• 1881 - Lima Barreto was born (d. 1922). Brazilian writer (O triste fim de Policarpo Quaresma) .
• 1883 - Georgios Papanikolaou was born (d. 1962). Greek doctor, inventor of the Pap smear.
• 1884 - Cyrus McCormick dies (b. 1809). American inventor.
• 1885 - Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle dies (b. 1809). German physician.
• 1888 - With the passage of the Lei Áurea ("Golden Law"), Brazil abolishes slavery.
• 1894 - Ásgeir Ásgeirsson was born (d. 1972). 2nd president of Iceland.
• 1898 - Aurora Celeste was born. Portuguese actress. [Aldeia da Roupa Branca (1938)
  Fidalgos da Casa Mourisca, Os (1921)].
• 1899 - Esporte Clube Vitória is founded in Salvador (Bahia), Brazil
• 1899 - Sarah Afonso was born (d. 1983). Portuguese painter, married in 1932 to Almada Negreiros.
• 1901 - Murilo Mendes (Murilo Monteiro Mendes) was born in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. Brazilian poet
• 1901 - Murilo Mendes was born. Brazilian poet.
• 1905 - Sport Clube do Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, is founded
• 1907 - Dame Daphne du Maurier was born in London, England, UK (d. 19 Apr 1989). Author (Rebecca).
• 1909 - The first Giro d'Italia took place in Milan. Italian cyclist Luigi Ganna was the winner.
• 1911 - Después de atacar las poblaciones de Axochiapan, Chinameca y Jonacatepec, del Estado de Morelos, las fuerzas revolucionarias de Emiliano Zapata se concentran en Cuautla e inician el ataque y sitio contra las fuerzas federales del dictador Porfirio Díaz.
• 1911 - Robert Middleton was born (d. 1977). American film and television actor.
• 1912 - In the United Kingdom, the Royal Flying Corps (now the Royal Air Force) is established.
• 1912 - Gil Evans was born (d. 1988). Canadian musician.
• 1913 - William R. Tolbert, Jr. was born (d. 1980). Liberian president.
• 1913 - Lambros Konstantaras was born (d. 1985). Greek actor.
• 1913 - Igor Sikorsky becomes the first man to pilot a four-engine aircraft.
• 1913 - Gil Evans was born (d. 1988). Jazz musician.
• 1913 - Pedro Navarro was born in Torres Vedras. Portuguese actor [Sol e Toiros (1949); Intramuros (1964); Via Macau (1966); Brides of Blood (1968)]
• 1914 - Joe Louis was born (d. 1981). American boxer.
• 1916 - Sholom Aleichem dies (b. 1859). Russian author.
• 1917 - Three peasant children claim to see the Blessed Virgin Mary above a holmoak tree in Cova da Iria near Fatima, Portugal / Três crianças (pastorinhos) declaram ter visto uma aparição da Virgem Maria sobre uma azinheira, na Cova da Iria, perto de Fátima, Portugal.
• 1917 - The Nuncio Eugenio Pacelli, the future Pope Pius XII, is consecrated Archbishop by Pope Benedict XV.
• 1918 - T. Balasaraswati was born (d. 1984). Bharatanatyam dancer.
• 1920 - Gareth Morris was born (d. 2007). British flautist.
• 1922 - Michael Ainsworth was born (d. 1978). British cricketer.
• 1923 - Beatrice Arthur was born. American actress
• 1923 - Bea Arthur was born. Actress.
• 1923 - Pulitzer prize awarded to Willa Carter (One of Ours).
• 1925 - Harry Schwarz was born. South african MP and Ambassador to the US
• 1925 - Boris Savinkov dies (b. 1879). Russian writer and terrorist.
• 1926 - Wallace Breem was born. British author.
• 1926 - Libert H. Boeynaems dies (b. 1857). Belgian Catholic prelate.
• 1927 - Herbert Ross was born (d. 2001). American film director.
• 1928 - Jim Shoulders was born. Champion Rodeo Cowboy
• 1928 - Édouard Molinaro was born. French film actor, director and screenwriter
• 1928 - Ângela Maria (Abelim Maria da Cunha) was born in Macaé, Rio de Janeiro. Brazilian actress and singer
• 1930 - Manuel Marulanda "Tirofijo" was born. Colombian revolutionay leader.
• 1930 - Fridtjof Nansen dies (born 10 Oct 1861). Norwegian explorer, oceanographer, statesman, and humanitarian who led a number of expeditions to the Arctic (1888, 1893, 1895-96) and oceanographic expeditions in the North Atlantic (1900, 1910-14). For his relief work after World War I he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace - 1922.
• 1931 - Jim Jones was born. Cult leader of religious community in Jonestown, Guyana; In 1978 he led 900 of his followers to mass suicide.
• 1931 - Paul Doumer elected President of France.
• 1931 - Jim Jones was born (d. 1978). American cult leader.
• 1934 - Inauguração da estátua do Marquês de Pombal - Lisboa - Portugal .
• 1934 - Leon Wagner was born (d. 2004). American baseball player.
• 1937 - Roch Carrier was born. Canadian novelist and National Librarian .
• 1937 - Roger Zelazny was born (d. 1995). American science fiction author (6 Hugos, Chronicles of Amber).
• 1937 - Trevor Baylis was born. English inventor of the wind-up radio
• 1937 - Zohra Lampert was born. American actress.
• 1937 - Ekaterina Geladze dies (b. 1858). Mother of Joseph Stalin.
• 1938 - Laurent Beaudoin was born. French Canadian businessman (Bombardier)
• 1938 - Charles Edouard Guillaume dies. Swiss phisycian Phisician Nobel Prize -1920.
• 1939 - The first commercial FM radio station in the United States is launched in Bloomfield, Connecticut. The station later became WDRC-FM.
• 1939 - Harvey Keitel was born in Brooklin, New York - USA. Actor (Taxi Driver, Pulp Fiction, Reservoir Dogs).
• 1940 - Bruce Chatwin was born (d. 1989). British travel writer and novelist.
• 1940 - World War II: Germany's conquest of France begins as the German army crosses the Meuse River.
• 1940 - Churchill In his first speech as prime minister of Britain, Winston Churchill told to the House of Commons "I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat."
• 1940 - Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands flees the Nazi invasion in the Netherlands to Britain. Princess Juliana takes her children to Canada for their safety.
• 1941 - World War II: Yugoslav royal colonel Dragoljub Mihailović starts fighting with German occupation troops, beginning the Serbian resistance.
• 1941 - Ritchie Valens was born (d. 1959). American singer.
• 1941 - Senta Berger was born. Austrian actress.
• 1942 - En aguas del Golfo de México, un submarino alemán ataca y hunde al barco petrolero mexicano "Potrero del Llano".
• 1943 - World War II: German Afrika Korps and Italian troops in North Africa surrender to Allied forces.
• 1943 - Mary Wells was born (d. 1992). American singer.
• 1944 - Armistead Maupin was born. American author.
• 1945 - Tubby Hall dies (b. 1895). American jazz musician.
• 1946 - US condemned 58 camp guards of Mauthausen concentration camp to death.
• 1947 - Stephen R. Donaldson was born. Author.
• 1947 - Fundação do Comerciário Futebol Clube de Criciuma, que mudou de nome em 13. Mar 1978 para Criciúma Esporte Clube
• 1947 - Stephen R. Donaldson was born. American author
• 1948 - Fundación del Club de Deportes Caldas, que en su historia tendría los siguientes nombres: Deportivo Atlético, Once Phillips, Varta y Cristal Caldas. Actualmente se llama Club Deportivo Once Caldas de Manizales, Colombia, campeón de la Libertadores en 2004.
• 1948 - 1948 Arab-Israeli War: The Kfar Etzion massacre is committed by Arab irregulars, the day before the declaration of independence of the state of Israel on May 14.
• 1949 - Zoë Wanamaker was born. English-American actress.
• 1950 - Steveland Morris Hardaway (Stevie Wonder) was born prematurely, on this day in Saginaw. Singer, pianist, bassist, drummer and activist for civil rights, campaigns against cancer, AIDS, drunk driving and the plight of Ethiopians. One Oscar and at least sixteen Grammy Awards earned.
• 1951 - Sharon Sayles Belton was born. Mayor of Minneapolis, Minnesota
• 1951 - Paul Thompson was born. British rock drummer (Roxy Music)
• 1952 - The Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament of India, held its first sitting.
• 1952 - Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru became premier of India.
• 1954 - Johnny Logan was born. Irish singer, songwriter, three-time Eurovision Song Contest winner .
• 1956 - Sri Sri Ravi Shankar was born. Founder of the Art of Living Foundation.
• 1957 - Alan Ball was born. American screenwriter, director, and producer
• 1957 - Koji Suzuki was born. Japanese writer (Ring, Dark Water)
• 1958 - During a visit to Caracas, Venezuela, Vice President Richard M. Nixon's car is attacked by anti-American demonstrators.
• 1958 - Pierre Pflimlin becomes Prime Minister of France .
• 1958 - Velcro's trade mark is registered.
• 1960 - First ascent of Dhaulagiri, World's 7th-highest mountain.
• 1960 - Hundreds of UC Berkeley students congregate for the first day of protest against a visit by the House Un-American Activities Committee. 31 students are arrested, and the Free Speech Movement is born.
• 1961 - Dennis Rodman was born. Basketball player, actor.
• 1961 - Gary Cooper dies (b. 1901). Amwerican actor, two time Academy award winning actor (High Noon).
• 1962 - Eduardo Palomo was born (d. 2003). Mexican actor.
• 1962 - Kathleen Jamie was born. Scottish poet.
• 1962 - Franz Kline dies (b.1910). American painter of abstract expressionist style.
• 1962 - Henry Trendley Dean dies (b. 1893). American dental researcher.
• 1964 - Egypt : The Aswan dam is inaugurated.
• 1964 - Stephen Colbert was born. American comedian and actor.
• 1964 - Ronnie Coleman was born. American bodybuilder.
• 1964 - Tom Verica was born. American actor.
• 1965 - Ignacio Barraquer dies (b. 1884). Spanish ophthalmologist.
• 1965 - José Antonio Delgado was born (d. 2006). Venezuelan mountain climber
• 1965 - Hikari Ota was born. Japanese comedian
• 1965 - Tasmin Little was born. English violinist
• 1966 - Darius Rucker was born. American singer (Hootie & the Blowfish)
• 1966 - Nikos Aliagas was born. Greek TV show host.
• 1966 - Kamen Vodenicharov was born. Bulgarian entertainer.
• 1966 - Darius Rucker was born. Hootie & The Blowfish frontman.
• 1966 - Mário Luis Sampaio Ribeiro dies (b. 4 Dec 1898). Portuguese musicologist.
• 1967 - Dr. Zakir Hussain became 3rd President of India. He was the first Muslim President of Indian Union. He held this position till August 24, 1969.
• 1967 - Papa Paulo VI visita o Santuário de Fátima -Portugal.
• 1967 - Chuck Schuldiner was born (d. 2001). American musician (Death, Control Denied)
• 1968 - Alison Goldfrapp was born. English musician
• 1969 - André Schmechta was born. German musician (X Marks the Pedwalk)
• 1968 - 1,000,000 French demonstrated against De Gaulle & Pompidou.
• 1969 - Race riots in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, later known as the 13 May Incident.
• 1971 - D. António Ribeiro é nomeado 15º Patriarca de Lisboa - Portugal.
• 1971 - Leonidas de Vedia é reeleito presidente da Academia Argentina de Letras.
• 1972 - Faulty electrical wiring ignites a fire underneath the Playtown Cabaret in Osaka. Blocked exits and nonfunctional elevators cause 118 fatalities, with many victims leaping to their deaths.
• 1972 - Dan Blocker dies (b. 1928). American actor (Bonanza)