On this day in History - Aug 4

• 0946 - Pope Martin III dies
• 1060 - King Henry I of France (1027-60), dies (b. 1008) and Philip I becomes King of France.
• 1265 - Simon de Montfort dies killed at battle of Evesham (b. 1208). 6th Earl of Leicester.
• 1265 - Hugh le Despencer dies. 1st Baron le Despencer
• 1265 - Henry de Montfort dies.
• 1265 - The Battle of Evesham of the Second Barons' War is fought in Worcestershire, with the army of future King Edward I of England defeating the forces of rebellious barons led by Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester and killing de Montfort and many of his allies. This is sometimes considered the death of chivalry in England.
• 1290 - Duke Leopold I of Austria was born.
• 1306 - Wenceslaus III of Bohemia dies (b. 1289).
• 1521 - (Giambattista Castagna) Pope Urban VII was born (d. 1590)
• 1526 - Juan Sebastián Elcano dies (b. 1476). Spanish explorer.
• 1570 - Massacre of Famagusta.
• 1578 - Battle of Al Kasr al Kebir - Moroccans defeat Portuguese. King Sebastian of Portugal is defeated and killed in North Africa, leaving his elderly uncle, Cardinal Henry, as his heir. This initiates a succession crisis in Portugal. / Batalha de Alcácer-Quibir: o rei de Marrocos derrota o exército português e o rei Sebastião de Portugal desaparece para nunca mais ser visto. A coroa é herdada pelo seu tio-avô, o Cardeal D. Henrique, abrindo caminho a uma crise dinástica.
• 1598 - Death of William Cecil, English statesman.
• 1693 - Date traditionally ascribed to Dom Perignon's invention of Champagne.
• 1699 - Morre D. Maria Sofia Isabel de Neuburgo, rainha de Portugal.
• 1704 - During the War of the Spanish Succession an Anglo-Dutch force seizes the rock of Gibraltar.
• 1727 - Victor-Maurice dies (b. 1647). Comte de Broglie, French general.
• 1741 - Andrew Hamilton dies. American lawyer
• 1735 - Freedom of the press: New York Weekly Journal writer John Peter Zenger is acquitted of seditious libel against the royal governor of New York, on the basis that what he published was true.
• 1745 - Nascimento, em Chaves, de Rodrigo de Sousa Coutinho (m. 26 Jan 1812) . 1º. conde de Linhares - Portugal
• 1753 - George Washington, then a young Virginia planter, becomes a Master Mason, the highest basic rank in the secret fraternity of Freemasonry.
• 1755 - Nace en Francia, el físico, químico, ingeniero y pintor Nicolás-Jacques Conte, inventor del lápiz moderno.
• 1789 - The feudal system is abolished in France.
• 1790 - A newly passed tariff act creates the Revenue Cutter Service (the forerunner of the United States Coast Guard).
• 1792 - Percy Bysshe Shelley was born at Warnham, near Horsham in Sussex (d. 1822). English poet.
• 1805 - William Rowan Hamilton was born (d.1865). Irish scientist.
• 1815 - Russell Sage was born (d. 1906). American financier.
• 1821 - Atkinson & Alexander publish the Saturday Evening Post for the first time as a weekly newspaper.
• 1824 - Battle of Cos fought between Turks and Greeks.
• 1834 - John Venn was born (d. 1923). British mathematician.
• 1839 - Walter Pater, English critic, essayist, and humanist whose advocacy of "art for art's sake" will become a cardinal doctrine of the movement known as Aestheticism, is born in Shadwell, London.
• 1840 - Richard von Krafft-Ebing was born. Sexologist.
• 1841 - Nació em Quilmes Pcia de Buenos Aires, Guillermo Enrique Hudson (m. 18 Ago 1922). Escritor argentino, autor de "Allá lejos y hace tiempo", "La tierra purpúrea", "Mansiones verdes".
• 1849 - Morre Anita Garibaldi Ana Maria de Jesus Ribeiro (n. 1821). "A Heroína dos Dois Mundos", companheira de Giuseppe Garibaldi
• 1851 - Un golpe militar encabezado por el general Muñoz derriba en Nicaragua al Presidente Laureano Pineda.
• 1854 - The Hinomaru is established as the official flag to be flown from Japanese ships.
• 1859 Un grupo de soldados secuestra al presidente de Costa Rica Juan Mora Porras, trasladado por mar a Guatemala
• 1859 - Knut Hamsun was born in Lom (d. 1952). Norwegian writer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in literature 1920.
• 1865 - José María Cabral assume a presidência da República Dominicana
• 1873 - Indian Wars: While protecting a railroad survey party in Montana, the United States 7th Cavalry, under Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer, clash for the first time with the Sioux (near the Tongue River; only one man on each side is killed).
• 1875 - Hans Christian Andersen dies in Copenhagen. Danish writer 1873), The author of 168 fairy tales, Hans Christian Andersen, dies in Copenhagen at 68
• 1875 - Italo Montemezzi was born. Italian composer.
• 1879 - Pope Leo XIII issued the encyclical Aeterni Patris, making Thomism the dominant philosophical viewpoint in Roman Catholicism.
• 1884 - Isoroku Yamamoto. Japanese Admiral during WWII: planned attack on Pearl Harbor; killed when U.S. 13th Air Force shot down his plane Apr 18, 194
• 1886 - Se promulga la primera Constitución de Colombia.
• 1892 - The family of Lizzie Borden is found murdered in their Fall River, Massachusetts home.
• 1894 - Cerca de Elche (Alicante) España, es descubierto el busto conocido como "Dama de Elche".
• 1894 - Nascimento de Carlos Luz (Carlos Coimbra da Luz ), 27º Presidente do Brasil (08 a 11 Nov 1955), em Três Corações-MG, no ano de 1894;
• 1896 - Nace en Buenos Aires José Fioravanti, escultor y autor de los monumentos a Roque Sáenz Peña, Nicolás Avellaneda y Simón Bolívar, entre otros. Su estilo es de un clasicismo moderno, expresivo y sintético. Murió en Buenos Aires en octubre de 1977.
• 1896 - Nascimento de José Domingo Gómez Rojas (d. 29 Set 1920). Escritor chileno
• 1899 - Ezra Taft Benson was born (d. 1994). President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
• 1900 - Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon was born (d. 2002). Queen Mother of the United Kingdom / A Rainha Mãe de Inglaterra, Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon (1900-2002), nasce em Inglaterra.
• 1900 - Nascimento, em Pergamino, província de Buenos Aires, de Arturo Umberto Illia Francesconi. Presidente da Argentina (1963-1966)
• 1900 - Morre o Abade de Arcozelo, pedagogo português.
• 1901 - Louis Armstrong was born in New Orleans (d. 1971). Jazz musician, trumpeter virtuoso, singer and bandleader.
• 1902 - Greenwich foot tunnel under the River Thames opens.
• 1903 - Cardinal Giuseppe Sarto of Venice was elected Pope Pius X.
• 1904 - Witold Gombrowicz was born (d. 1969). Polish novelist and dramatist.
• 1904 - Un grupo de jugadores del Club Maipú deciden formar un club, que sería el Club Independiente de Avellaneda. La acción la toman, disgustados por la separación del equipo del back Marcelo Degiorgi. Posteriormente la fecha oficial de fundación quedaría como el 1 de enero de 1905
• 1905 - Se funda el Club Estudiantes de la Plata. Ganó a fines de la década del 60, el campeonato de la AFA, la Copa Libertadores y la Copa Intercontinental.
• 1906 - Marie-José Van Sachsen Coburg-Gotha was born (d. 2001). Last Queen of Italy.
• 1906 - Eugen Schuhmacher was born (d. 1973). Zoologist.
• 1908 - Kurt Eichhorn was born. Conductor.
• 1909 - Glenn Cunningham was born. Athlete.
• 1909 - Otto Steiger was born. Writer.
• 1909 - Nasce em São Paulo, Roberto Burle Marx, arquitecto paisagista brasileiro.
• 1910 - William Schuman was born (d. 15 Fev 1992). Pulitzer Prize-winning composer: Secular Cantata No. 2, A Free Song [1943]; President: Julliard School of Music, Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts.
• 1912 - Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov was born (d. 1999). Mathematician, physicist, philosopher and a mountaineer.
• 1912 - Raoul Wallenberg was born Stockholm (d. 17 Jul 1947). Swedish diplomat and humanitarium.
• 1913 - Robert Hayden was born (d. 1980). Poet. Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress .
• 1914 - World War I: The United Kingdom declares war on Germany and the United States proclaims neutrality.
• 1919 - É inaugurado em Paris o Museu Rodin, de esculturas.
• 1920 - Helen Thomas was born. White House correspondent.
• 1921 - The eight Chicago White Sox baseball players involved in the 1919 Black Sox Scandal were banned from the game for life by the baseball commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis.
• 1921 - Maurice Richard was born (d. 2000). Hockey player.
• 1926 - Julio Alfredo Egea was born. Spanish poet.
• 1927 - Jess Thomas was born (d. 1993). American tenor.
• 1929 - Yasser Arafat was born (d. 2004). Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization.
• 1929 - Kishore Kumar was born (d. 1987). Indian singer and actor.
• 1930 - Götz Friedrich was born (d. 2000). Opera director.
• 1930 - Siegfried Wagner dies. German composer.
• 1932 - Hans Jürgen Fröhlich was born. Writer.
• 1932 - Guillermo Mordillo was born. Graphic artist and cartoonist
• 1934 - Muere Marie Curie, investigadora polaca, descubridora del radio y premio Nobel de Física.
• 1936 - Assia Djebar was born. Algerian writer and filmmaker, member of the Académie française
• 1937 - David Bedford was born. English musician
• 1938 - Pearl White dies. American actress
• 1940 - Timi Yuro was born (d. 2004). American singer.
• 1940 - Abdurrahman Wahid was born. Former President of Indonesia
• 1942 - David Lange was born (d. 2005). Prime Minister of New Zealand
• 1943 - Bjørn Wirkola was born. Norwegian ski jumper
• 1944 - Richard Belzer was born. Actor and comedian
• 1944 - Holocaust: A tip from a Dutch informer leads the Gestapo to a sealed-off area in an Amsterdam warehouse where they find Jewish diarist Anne Frank and her family.
• 1946 - Gabriel Videla is elected President of Chile.
• 1947 - The Supreme Court of Japan is established.
• 1947 - Klaus Schulze was born. Composer, performer
• 1951 - Barcelona de Guayaquil debuta en la Liga de la Asociación del Fútbol del Guayas (fundada en 1950) ante Río Guayas empatando a 1 gol. Este es el primer partido de Barcelona en una liga profesional.
• 1955 - Billy Bob Thornton was born. Actor, writer.
• 1955 - Carmem Miranda sofre um ataque do coração. Morreria no dia seguinte.
• 1957 - Washington Luís Pereira de Sousa dies (b. 1869). President of Brazil
• 1958 - Mary Decker was born. Slaney, track star
• 1960 - Dean Malenko was born. Professional wrestler
• 1960 - José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero was born. Spanish Prime Minister
• 1961 - Barack Obama was born. American politician
• 1962 - Roger Clemens was born. Baseball player
• 1962 - Nelson Mandela, lutador contra o Apartheid na República da África do Sul, é preso.
• 1964 - American civil rights movement: Civil rights workers Michael Schwerner, Andrew Goodman and James Chaney found dead in Mississippi after disappearing on June 21.
• 1964 - Vietnam War: United States destroyers USS Maddox and USS C. Turner Joy are attacked in the Gulf of Tonkin. Air support from the carrier USS Ticonderoga sinks two, possibly three North Vietnamese gunboats.
• 1967 - Mike Marsh was born. American athlete
• 1968 - Marcus Schenkenberg was born. Model
• 1969 - Vietnam War: At the apartment of French intermediary Jean Sainteny in Paris, US representative Henry Kissinger and North Vietnamese representative Xuan Thuy begin secret peace negotiations. The negotiations will eventually fail.
• 1970 - Michael DeLuise was born. American actor
• 1971 - Jeff Gordon was born. Race car driver
• 1972 - Muere en Buenos Aires la poetisa y prosista Norah Lange, autora, entre otras obras, de "La calle de la tarde", "Antes que mueran", "Personas en la sala" y "Cuadernos de infancia". Estuvo casada con Oliverio Girondo (1891-1967). Nació en Buenos Aires, en el barrio de Villa Mazzini, en 1906.
• 1975 - The Japanese Red Army takes more than 50 hostages at the AIA building housing several embassies in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The hostages included the U.S. consul and the Swedish charge d'affaires. The gunmen won the release of five imprisoned comrades and flew with them to Libya.
• 1976 - Se publica en España un Real Decreto por el que se concede la amnistía a los condenados por actividades políticas que durante el régimen del recién desaparecido general Franco habían sido considerados delictivas.
• 1976 - Roy Herbert Thomson dies. Lord Thomson of Fleet, publisher.
• 1977 - Edgar Douglas Adrian, dies. English physician Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1932.
• 1977 - US President Jimmy Carter signs legislation creating the United States Department of Energy.
• 1977 - Raquel de Queiroz é eleita a primeira mulher para a Academia Brasileira de Letras
• 1977 - Luís Boa Morte was born. Portuguese footballer
• 1981 - Melvyn Douglas dies. Actor
• 1982 - Morte do poeta uruguaio Carlos Sabat Ercarty
• 1983 - Italy elects first socialist prime minister since 1946
• 1983 - Thomas Sankara become President in Upper Volta.
• 1984 - The African republic Upper Volta changes its name to Burkina Faso.
• 1985 - Luis Antonio Valencia was born. Ecuadorean footballer.
• 1987 - The Federal Communications Commission rescinds the Fairness Doctrine which had required radio and television stations to "fairly" present controversial issues.
• 1990 - Muere el industrial italiano Ettore Maserati, creador de la famosa escudería
• Maserati de Fórmula 1. Con esta marca de automóviles Juan Manuel Fangio ganó su quinto campeonato de Formula 1 en 1957.
• 1991 - The Greek cruise ship Oceanos sinks off the coast of South Africa.
• 1992 - Matsumoto Seichō dies (b. 1909). Author.
• 1993 - A federal judge sentences LAPD officers Stacey Koon and Laurence Powell to 30 months in prison for violating motorist Rodney King's civil rights.
• 1994 - Morte de Giovanni Spadolini. Político italiano.
• 1995 - Operation Storm begins in Croatia.
• 1996 - Terminan los Juegos Olímpicos de Atlanta, EE.UU.
• 1997 - Jeanne Calment dies in Arles, France (b. 1875). Oldest documented human being.
• 1997 - 185,000 Teamsters union United Parcel Service drivers walk off the job.
• 1998 - Yuri Artyukhin dies. Cosmonaut
• 1999 - Victor Mature dies. Actor
• 2000 - UK: Queen Mother celebrates centenary Celebrations take place all over the United Kingdom to mark the 100th birthday of Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother.
• 2001 - Lorenzo Music dies. Actor, writer, producer
• 2002 - Carmen Silvera dies. British actress.
• 2002 - Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada é reeleito presidente da Bolívia.
• 2002 - O Paysandu (PA) vence o Cruzeiro e conquista a Copa dos Campeões do Brasil
• 2003 - Portugal decreta estado de calamidade pública devido aos incêndios nas florestas.
• 2003 - Frederick Chapman Robbins dies (b. 1916). American pediatrician and virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
• 2005 - Prime Minister Paul Martin announces that Michaëlle Jean will be Canada's 27th — and first black — Governor General.
• 2006 - Dame Silvia Cartwright will step down as the Governor-General of New Zealand and will be replaced by The Honourable Anand Satyanand, who will be sworn in on 23 August.
• Burkina Faso - Anniversary of the Revolution
• Cook Islands - Constitution Day (celebrations begin on the last Friday in July and last up to 2 weeks.)
• El Salvador - Transfiguration Bank Holiday
• Ancient Egypt - Jubilation of the Heart of Re
• Dia do padre (Brasil)