On this day in History - Apr 13

• 0585 - Morte de Santo Hermenegildo.
• 0799 - Paul the Deacon dies (b. ca 720). Monk and chronicler.
• 0814 - Krum dies. Khan of Bulgaria .
• 1055 - Bishop Gebhard van Eichstatt is consecrated Pope Victor II
• 1059 - O Papa Nicolau II lança um decreto sobre a eleição dos papas, declarando que apenas cardeais devem ter poder de elegê-los.
• 1093 - Vsevolod I of Kiev dies (b. 1093) .
• 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor .
• 1180 - Frederick Barbarossa issues the Gelnhausen Charter .
• 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople .
• 1241 - Battle at Theiss: Mongols beat Hungarian King Bela IV .
• 1250 - The Seventh Crusade is defeated in Egypt, Louis IX of France is captured.
• 1279 - Boleslaus the Pious, dies. Polish duke .
• 1498 - Vasco da Gama chega a Melinde .
• 1499 - Bula por la que el papa Alejandro VI autoriza al Cardenal Cisneros la creación de la Universidad de Alcalá de Henares .
• 1506 - Peter Faber was born (d. 1546). French Jesuit theologian.
• 1516 - D. Isabel, Queen of Portugal (wife of King D. Dinis) is beatified by Pope Leon X
• 1519 - Catherine de Medici was born in Florence (d. 1589). Queen of France (1547-1559).
• 1556 - Portuguese Marranos who revert back to Judaism burned by order of Pope.
• 1570 - Guy Fawkes was born (d. 1606). Gunpowder Plot conspirator.
• 1584 - Albert VI of Bavaria was born (d. 1666)
• 1593 - Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford was born (d. 1641). English statesman.
• 1598 - King Henry IV of France issues the Edict of Nantes, allowing freedom of religion to the Huguenots .
• 1605 - Boris Godunov dies. Tsar of Russia.
• 1618 - Roger de Rabutin, Comte de Bussy was born (d. 1693). French Writer.
• 1638 - Henri, duc de Rohan, dies (b. 1579). French Huguenot leader.
• 1648 - Jeanne Marie Bouvier de la Motte Guyon was born (d. 1717). French mystic and one of the key advocates of Quietism.
• 1695 - Jean de la Fontaine dies (b. 1621). French author .
• 1713 - Frederick (Lord) North was born (d. 1792). George III's sixth prime minister
• 1715 - John Hanson was born (d. 1783). President of the United States in Congress Assembled.
• 1722 - Charles Leslie dies (b. 1650). Theologian.
• 1729 - Thomas Percy was born (d.1811). Bishop of Dromore and magazine editor.
• 1732 - Frederick North was born. British politician.
• 1735 - Isaac Low was born (d. 1791). New York delegate to the Continental Congress.
• 1742 - George Frideric Handel's oratorio Messiah makes its world-premiere in Dublin, Ireland
• 1743 - Thomas Jefferson was born (d. 1826). 3rd President of the United States .
• 1747 - Louis Philip II, Duke of Orléans was born (d. 1793).
• 1764 - Giacomo Guardi was born (d. 03 Nov 1835). Italian artist.
• 1764 - Laurent, Marquis de Gouvion Saint-Cyr was born (d. 1830). French marshal.
• 1769 - Thomas Lawrence was born (d. 07 Jan 1830). English painter.
• 1771 - Richard Trevithick was born (d. 1833). Mechanical engineer and developer of the first locomotive.
• 1774 - Goethe's Götz premieres - The five-act drama "Götz von Berlichingen with the Iron Hand" premiered in Berlin
• 1780 - Alexander Mitchell was born (d. 1868). Irish engineer.
• 1784 - Friedrich Graf von Wrangel was born (d. 1877). Prussian field marshal.
• 1787 - John Robertson was born (d. 1873). U.S. congressman.
• 1794 - Nicolas Chamfort dies (b. 1741). French writer.
• 1793 - Pierre Gaspard Chaumette, dies (b. 1763). French revolutionary.
• 1800 - Ludwig Hess dies (b. 16 Oct 1760). Swiss artist.
• 1802 - Leopold Fitzinger was born (d. 1884). Austrian zoologist.
• 1806 - Jean-Jacques Bachelier dies (b. 1724). French painter, writer and administrator.
• 1808 - Antonio Meucci was born (d. 1896). Italian Inventor.
• 1812 - Reverend Abraham Pether dies (b. 1576). British landscape painter.
• 1816 - Nasceu o compositor inglês William Sterndale Bennett.
• 1824 - William Holbrook Beard, was born (d. 20 Feb 1900). US painter specialized in Animals.
• 1825 - Thomas D'Arcy McGee was born (d. 1868). Canadian journalist and politician.
• 1826 - Franz Danzi dies (b. 1763). German composer.
• 1828 - Joseph Barber Lightfoot was born (d. 1889). English theol)ogian and Bishop of Durham.
• 1829 - The British Parliament grants freedom of religion to Roman Catholics
• 1830 - Sir Thomas Lawrence was born in Bristol, England. One of the foremost English portrait painters of his days.
• 1832 - Juan Montalvo was born (d. 1889). Ecuadoran author.
• 1841 - Louis-Ernest Barrias was born (d. 1905). French sculptor.
• 1846 - Em Lisboa, foi inaugurado o Teatro Nacional D. Maria II.
• 1847 - Eduardo Sivori was born in Buenos Aires. Argentine painter.
• 1848 - A Sicília declara-se independente de Nápoles.
• 1849 - Hungary becomes a republic .
• 1850 - Arthur Matthew Weld Downing was born (d. 1917). British astronomer.
• 1852 - F.W. Woolworth was born (d. 1919). Merchant/businessman, founder of Woolworth's.
• 1853 - James Iredell, Jr. dies (b. 1788). Governor of North Carolina .
• 1853 - Leopold Gmelin dies (b. 1788). German chemist .
• 1855 - Henry De la Beche dies (b. 1796). English geologist.
• 1855 - La antigua iglesia de Ayerbe, Nuestra Señora del Remedio, se inauguró como parroquia de San Pedro.
• 1858 - Carl Georg Adolph Hasenpflug, dies (b. 03 Sep 1802). German artist.
• 1860 - James Ensor was born (d. 19 Nov 1949). Belgian Expressionist painter.
• 1861 - American Civil War: Fort Sumter surrenders.
• 1866 - Butch Cassidy was born (d.1908). American Wild West outlaw.
• 1868 - Tewodros II dies (b. 1818). Emperor of Ethiopia.
• 1869 - Steam power brake patented (George Westinghouse).
• 1870 - Metropolitan Museum of Art forms in New York City .
• 1870 - Augustin Alexandre Thierrat, dies (b. 10 Mar 1789). French artist.
• 1872 - Alexander Roda Roda was born (d.1945). Austrian writer.
• 1873 - John W. Davis was born (d. 1955). American politician.
• 1873 - Colfax Massacre.
• 1875 - Ray Lyman Wilbur was born (d. 1949). 31st United States Secretary of the Interior.
• 1878 - Bror Julius Olsson Nordfeldt, was born (d. 1955). Swedish US artist .
• 1880 - Charles Christie was born (d. 1955). Canadian pioneer film studio owner in Hollywood.
• 1880 - Robert Fortune dies (b. 1813). Scottish botanist.
• 1881 - Ludwig Binswanger was born (d. 1966). Swiss existential psychiatrist.
• 1882 - Bruno Bauer dies (b. 1809). German theologian.
• 1883 - Alferd Packer is convicted of murder.
• 1885 - Georg Lukács was born (d. 1971). Hungarian-born philosopher and literary critic.
• 1886 - Sidney Richard Williams Percy, dies (b. 1821). British artist born.
• 1887 - Gordon S. Fahrni was born (d. 1995). Canadian physician and President of the Canadian Medical Association.
• 1889 - Herbert Osborne Yardley was born (d.1958). American cryptographer.
• 1890 - Frank Murphy was born (d. 1949). American public servant.
• 1891 - Nella Larsen was born (d. 1964). African-American novelist.
• 1892 - Sir Robert Alexander Watson-Watt, was born (d. 1973). Inventor of Radar.
• 1892 - Arthur Travers 'Bomber' Harris, was born (d. 1984). Commander of RAF's Bomber Command in World War II.
• 1894 - Arthur Fadden was born (d. 1973). Thirteenth Prime Minister of Australia.
• 1897 - Werner Voss was born (d.1917). WWI German flying ace.
• 1900 - Pierre Molinier was born (d. 1976). French painter and photographer.
• 1901 - Jacques Lacan was born (d. 1981). Psychoanalyst and semantician.
• 1902 - Philippe de Rothschild was born (d. 1988). French Grand Prix race-car driver and wine grower.
• 1902 - James C. Penney opens his first store in Kemmerer, Wyoming .
• 1904 - Sir David Robinson, was born (d. 1987). British philanthropist and entrepreneur.
• 1904 - Vasily Vasil'yevich Vereshchagin, dies (b. 26 Oct 1842). Russian painter
  1906 - Samuel Beckett was born (d. 1989). Irish writer, winner of the Nobel Prize in literature - 1906
• 1907 - Harold E. Stassen was born. Frequent candidate for President of the United States.
• 1908 - Franz von Leydig dies. German zoologist
• 1908 - Martín Rico y Ortega, dies (b. 12 Nov 1833). Spanish painter and engraver born.
• 1909 - Whitley Stokes dies (b. 1830). British lawyer.
• 1909 - Stanislaw Marcin Ulam was born (d. 1984). Polish mathematician.
• 1909 - Eudora Welty was born (d. 2001). American writer, winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction -1973
• 1910 - William Quiller Orchardson dies (b. 27 Mar 1832). Scotish painter.
• 1911 - George Washington Glick dies (b. 1827). Governor of Kansas.
• 1911 - John McLane dies (b. 1852). Governor of New Hampshire.
• 1911 - Ico Hitrec was born (d. 1946). Croat football player.
• 1911 - William Castle Keith, dies (b. 21 Nov 1838). Scottish US painter, specialized in Landscapes.
• 1912 - The British Royal Flying Corps (RAF) was created by Royal Charter.
• 1912 - Ishikawa Takuboku dies (b.1886). Japanese author.
• 1913 - Fracassa a tentativa de assassinato do rei Afonso XIII da Espanha por anarquistas.
• 1917 - O Brasil confisca navios alemães ancorados em seus portos .
• 1919 - Amritsar massacre: British and Gurkha troops massacre at least 379 unarmed demonstrators in Amritsar, India
• 1919 - Brasil : Em uma nova eleição presidencial, Epitácio Pessoa derrota Ruy Barbosa.
• 1919 - The Establishment of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea
• 1919 - Amritsar massacre: British and Gurkha troops massacre at least 379 unarmed demonstrators in Amritsar, India
• 1919 - Howard Keel was born (d. 2004). Actor, singer, former president of the Screen Actors Guild.
• 1919 - Roland Gaucher was born. French journalist.
• 1919 - Madalyn Murray O'Hair was born. American atheist.
• 1920 - Roberto Calvi was born (d. 1982). Italian banker.
• 1920 - Liam Cosgrave was born. Fifth Taoiseach of Ireland.
• 1920 - John LaPorta was born. American jazz musician .
• 1920 - Claude Cheysson was born. French politician.
• 1921 - Foundation of the Spanish Communist Workers' Party.
• 1922 - John Braine was born (d. 1986). British novelist.
• 1922 - Julius Nyerere was born (d. 1999). Tanzanian politician.
• 1922 - Ivone Lara was born. Brazilian composer and sambist.
• 1923 - Don Adams was born (d. 2005). American actor and comedian (Get Smart).
• 1923 - Fernando Lázaro Carreter was born. Spanish philologist.
• 1924 - Stanley Donen, was born. American film director .
• 1924 - Jack Chick was born. American evangelist .
• 1925 - Elwood Haynes dies. Automobile pioneer.
• 1926 - John Spencer-Churchill, 11th Duke of Marlborough was born.
• 1928 - Alan Clark was born (d. 1999). British politician.
• 1931 - Dan Gurney was born. Racing driver .
• 1932 - Vito Dumas "el Navegante Solitario" termina su primera gran hazaña: logra unir Francia con Argentina en un viaje de 74 días a través del océano Atlántico.
• 1932 - Orlando Letelier was born (d. 1976). Chilean politician.
• 1933 - Ben Nighthorse Campbell was born. American senator .
• 1935 - Lyle Waggoner was born. American actor .
• 1937 - Carlos Avilez was born. Portuguese actor and teathre director.
• 1937 - Lanford Wilson was born. American playwright .
• 1937 - Edward Fox was born. English actor .
• 1938 - Grey Owl dies (b. 1888). Proponent of nature conservation.
• 1939 - In India, the Hindustani Lal Sena (Indian Red Army) is formed and vows to engage in armed struggle against the British.
• 1939 - Paul Sorvino was born. American actor.
• 1939 - Seamus Heaney was born. Irish poet, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1941 - Pact of neutrality between the USSR and Japan is signed.
• 1941 - Michael Stuart Brown was born. American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• 1941 - Annie Jump Cannon dies (b. 1863). American astronomer.
• 1943 - World War II: The discovery of a mass grave of Polish prisoners-of-war executed by Soviet forces in the Katyń Forest Massacre was announced in Germany, driving a wedge between the Western Allies, the Polish government-in-exile in London, and the Soviet Union.
• 1943 - The Jefferson Memorial is dedicated in Washington, DC, on the 200th anniversary of Thomas Jefferson's birth.
• 1943 - Bill Conti was born. American musical director .
• 1944 - Jack Casady was born. American musician ("Jefferson Airplane")
• 1944 - Susan Davis was born. American politician .
• 1945 - German troops massacre more than 1000 political and military prisoners in Gardelegen Germany. The atrocity is discovered two days later by American forces.
• 1945 - Bob Kalsu was born (d. 1970). American football player .
• 1945 - Tony Dow was boirn. American actor.
• 1945 - Red Army occupy Wien (Vienna) .
• 1945 - Ernst Cassirer dies (b. 1874). German philosopher.
• 1945 - Ferreira do Amaral was born. Portuguese politician.
• 1946 - Fernando Gomes was born. Portuguese politician.
• 1946 - Al Green was born. American soul singer and pastor.
• 1948 - Mário Crespo was born. Portuguese journalist.
• 1948 - Sue Doughty was born. Iritish politician .
• 1948 - Joschka Fischer (Joseph Martin Fischer) was born. German politician and Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs.
• 1949 - Christopher Hitchens was born. English-born journalist, critic, and author
• 1949 - Jean-Jacques Favier was born. Payload specialist .
• 1949 - Frank Doran was born. Scottish politician.
• 1950 - Terry Lester was born (d. 2003). American actor.
• 1950 - Ron Perlman was born. American actor .
• 1950 - William Sadler was born. American actor .
• 1951 - Peabo Bryson was born. American pop singer .
• 1951 - Peter Davison was born. English actor and the fifth Doctor Who .
• 1951 - Max Weinberg was born. American drummer.
• 1952 - David Drew was born. British politician.
• 1952 - Ron Dittemore was born. NASA shuttle program manager .
• 1953 - Stephen Byers was born. British Politician .
• 1954 - Jimmy Destri was born. Musician .
• 1954 - Niels Olsen was born. Danish singer and Eurovision Song Contest winner
• 1955 - Ole von Beust was born. Mayor of Hamburg .
• 1955 - Lupe Pintor was born. Mexican boxer .
• 1956 - Alison Wheeler was born. British activist .
• 1956 - Peter 'Possum' Bourne, was born (d. 2003). Australian Rally Driver .
• 1957 - 11th Tony Awards: Long Days Journey into the Night and My Fair Lady win.
• 1957 - Saundra Santiago was born. American actress
• 1958 - 12th Tony Awards: Sunrise at Campobello and Music Man win.
• 1959 - Um édito do Vaticano proíbe os católicos romanos de votarem a favor do comunismo.
• 1960 - Rudi Völler was born. Former German football player and national football coach.
• 1961 - Army Pfc. John A. Bennett dies (executed) .
• 1962 - Culbert Olson dies (b. 1876). Governor of California.
• 1962 - Hillel Slovak was born (d. 1988). Israeli-born guitarist (Red Hot Chili Peppers)
• 1962 - Jennifer Rubin was born. American actress
• 1962 - Ahti Karjalainen assume o cargo de primeiro-ministro da Finlândia.
• 1963 - Garry Kasparov was born. Russian Chess grandmaster .
• 1964 - Caroline Rhea was born. Canadian actress .
• 1964 - 36th Academy Awards - "Tom Jones," Sidney Poitier and Patricia Neal win.
• 1964 - Ian D. Smith becomes premier of Rhodesia.
• 1966 - Carlo Dalmazzo Carrà dies (b. 11 Feb 1881). Italian Futurist painter, critic and writer.
• 1966 - Abdul Salam Arif dies (b. 1921). President of Iraq.
• 1967 - Luis Somoza Debayle, president of Nicaragua (1956-63), dies at 44 .
• 1969 - 33rd Golf Masters Championship: George Archer wins, shooting a 281.
• 1970 - An oxygen tank aboard Apollo 13 explodes, putting the crew into deadly peril. The explosion occurred on April 14th in several time zones.
• 1970 - 34th Golf Masters Championship: Billy Casper wins, shooting a 279 .
• 1970 - Rick Schroder was born. American actor.
• 1970 - Rebecca Cummings was born. American porn star
• 1970 - Gerry Creaney was born. Scottish footballer .
• 1971 - Bo Outlaw was born. American basketball player
• 1972 - Mariusz Czerkawski was born. Polish ice hockey player.
• 1972 - Aaron Lewis was born. American singer .
• 1972 - The Universal Postal Union decides to recognize the People's Republic of China as the only legitimate Chinese representative, effectively expelling the Republic of China administering Taiwan.
• 1973 - The Film "Friday the 13th" is based on this day
• 1974 - Western Union (in cooperation with NASA and Hughes Aircraft) launches the USA's first commercial geosynchronous communications satellite, Westar 1.
• 1974 - Sergei Gonchar was born. Russian hockey player .
• 1975 - Lou Bega was born. German-born musician and artist .
• 1975 - An attack by Phalangists on a Palestinian bus in Ain El Remmeneh, Lebanon causes over 15 years of civil war.
• 1975 - Começou a Guerra do Líbano entre cristãos e muçulmanos .
• 1975 - 39th Golf Masters Championship: Jack Nicklaus wins, shooting a 276 1975 - Chad military coup by General Odingar.
• 1975 - François (Ngarta) Tombalbaye dies (b. 1918). First president of Chad.
• 1975 - Larry Parks dies (b. 1914). American actor.
• 1976 - Jonathan Brandis was born (d. 2003). American actor .
• 1976 - Patrik Elias was born. Czech ice hockey player .
• 1978 - Arron Asham was born. Canadian ice hockey player .
• 1978 - Jack Chambers dies (b. 1931). Canadian artist and film maker.
• 1979 - Baron Davis was born. American basketball player .
• 1980 - 44th Golf Masters Championship: Seve Ballesteros wins, shooting a 275 .
• 1980 - Jana Cova was born. Czech pornographic actress
• 1980 - Quentin Richardson was born. American basketball player.
• 1981 - Pulitzer prize awarded to Beth Henley for "Crimes of the Heart" .
• 1981 - Asaka Yasuhiko, dies (b. 1887). Member of the Japanese imperial family.
• 1982 - Nascimento no Rio de Janeiro - RJ de Bruno Gagliasso (Bruno Gagliasso Marques), actor brasileiro.
• 1983 - Mercè Rodoreda dies. Spanish writer.
• 1983 - Harold Washington is elected as the first African-American mayor in Chicago's history.
• 1983 - Schalk Burger was born. South African rugby player
• 1984 - Pete Rose becomes the first player in National League history to collect 4,000 hits.
• 1984 - Ralph Kirkpatrick, dies (b. 1911). American musician.
• 1984 - Richard Hurndall dies (b. 1910). British actor.
• 1985 - Enver Hoxha is succeeded by Ramiz Alia as the leader of Albania.
• 1986 - Jack Nicklaus wins his sixth Masters Tournament.
• 1986 - O Papa João Paulo II visita a Sinagoga de Roma, primeira visita papal registrada à uma sinagoga.
• 1986 - 50th Golf Masters Championship: Jack Nicklaus wins, shooting a 279
• 1987 - Portugal and China sign an agreement in which the island of Macao would be returned to China in 1999
• 1988 - Italy government of De Mita forms
• 1989 - D. António Ferreira Gomes dies. portuguese bishop (Bishop of Oporto).
• 1990 - The Soviet Union admits to committing the Katyn Massacre .
• 1993 - Baseball: Lee Smith passes Jeff Reardon for first on the all-time saves list with his 358th save in a 9-7 win over the Los Angeles Dodgers .
• 1995 - Mais de mil jovens portugueses manifestam-se em Vila Nova de Foz Côa contra a construção da barragem e em defesa da preservação de pinturas rupestres pré-históricas.
• 1996 - Denis Sargan, econometrician, dies at 71.
• 1997 - Sloane Momsen was born. American child actress
• 1997 - Tiger Woods becomes the youngest golfer to win the Masters Tournament 1997 61st Golf Masters Championship: Tiger Woods at 21 (270 18 under par) .
• 1997 - George Wald dies. Biologist, Nobel Prize winner for discovering vitamin A in the retina.
• 1997 - Dorothy Frooks dies (b. 1896). American author, publisher, military figure, and actress.
• 1997 - Baseball: For the first time in 36 years, two doubleheader games are between the same pairs of cities on the same day. The San Francisco Giants v New York Mets and New York Yankees v Oakland Athletics
• 1999 - Willi Stoph dies. East Germany politician.
• 2000 - Giorgio Bassani dies (b. 1916). Italian writer.
• 2002 - Damon Knight dies (b. 1922). Science fiction author.
• 2002 - Jon Gustafson dies. Editor.
• 2002 - The Venezuelan coup attempt of 2002 ends. President Hugo Chávez of Venezuela returns / Hugo Chávez reassume a presidência da Venezuela (deposto em 11 Abr 2002).
• 2002 - Desmond Titterington dies (b. 1928). Northern Irish racecar driver
• 2003 - Mike Weir becomes first Canadian and first leftie to win the golf Masters Tournament
• 2003 - A britânica Paula Radcliffe vence a Maratona (feminina) de Londres.
• 2003 - O etíope Gezahegne Abera vence a Maratona (masculinos) de Londres.
• 2004 - Lou Berberet dies (b. 1929). Baseball player.
• 2004 - Caron Keating dies (b. 1962). British television presenter.
• 2005 - Johnnie Johnson dies (b. 1924). American musician.