On this day in History - Mar. 9

• 1213 - Hugh IV was born Duke of Burgundy (d. 1271).
• 1276 - Augsburg becomes an Imperial Free City .
• 1285 - Emperor Go-Nijo of Japan was born (d. 1318)
• 1454 - Amerigo Vespucci was born (d. 1512). Explorer and cartographer.
• 1500 - A armada de Pedro Álvares Cabral zarpa de Lisboa na viagem que conduziu à descoberta do Brasil.
• 1513 - Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici é eleito papa com o nome Leão X.
• 1564 - David Fabricius was born (d. 1617). German astronomer.
• 1568 - Aloysius Gonzaga was born (d. 1591). Italian saint.
• 1629 - Tsar Alexis I of Russia was born (d. 1676)
• 1697 - Friederike Caroline Neuber was born (d. 1760). Actress .
• 1718 - Foi permitida a escravização dos índios antropófagos do Brasil.
• 1720 - Philip Yorke, 2nd Earl of Hardwicke was born (d. 1790). English politician.
• 1734 - Francisco Bayeu y Subías was born. Painter.
• 1749 - Honore Mirabeau was born (d. 1791). Politician.
• 1763 - William Cobbett was born (d. 1835). Journalist and author.
• 1765 - Judges in Paris find Jean Calas innocent, (after having been tortured and executed in 1762) of murdering his son, Marc-Antoine, who had committed suicide), mainly because Voltaire wrote a series of articles calling for the case to be re-opened.
• 1796 - Napoléon Bonaparte marries his first wife, Joséphine de Beauharnais.
• 1808 - Joseph Bonomi the Elder,dies, architect (b. 1739) .
• 1831 - A França de Luis Filipe de Orleans cria a Legião Estrangeira, com tropas estrangeiras anteriormente ao serviço do rei Carlos X, deposto no ano anterior.
• 1833 - Francisco Martins Sarmento,nasce, arqueólogo português (m. 1899) .
• 1838 - Portugal : Revolta do Arsenal. Sublevação de setembristas radicais com o objectivo de impor a demissão de personalidades moderadas do governo. Durará até dia 13 de Março.
• 1841 - The Supreme Court of the United States rules in the Amistad case, concerning captive Africans who seized control of the slave-trading ship carrying them: the court rules that they had been taken into slavery illegally.
• 1842 - Giuseppe Verdi's third opera Nabucco premieres in Milan; its success establishes Verdi as one of Italy's foremost opera writers.
• 1847 - Mexican-American War: United States forces under General Winfield Scott invade Mexico near Vera Cruz.
• 1856 - Eddie Foy was born (d. 1928). Singer, dancer, vaudeville performer.
• 1862 - American Civil War: The first battle between two ironclad warships - In a five-hour battle near Hampton Roads, Virginia the USS Monitor fights the CSS Virginia to a draw.
• 1883 - Umberto Saba [Umberto Poli] was born in Trieste (d. 1957). Italian poet.
• 1879 - Nace Otto Hahn, químico alemán, descubridor de la posibilidad de desintegración del átomo de uranio.
• 1888 - Morreu Wilhelm I, da Prússia .
• 1890 - Nasceu o revolucionário russo Mikhailovich Molotov .
• 1892 - Vita Sackville-West was born (d. 1962). Writer, gardener.
• 1895 - Leopold von Sacher-Masoch dies. Austrian writer (Masochism).
• 1900 - Howard Aiken was born (d. 1973). Computing pioneer.
• 1902 - Will Geer was born (d. 1978). Actor.
• 1907 - Nace el historiador y etnólogo Mircea Eliade.
• 1908 - Inter Milan was founded from 43 dissident associates of Milan.
• 1910 - Samuel Barber was born (d. 1981). American composer.
• 1916 - Declaração de guerra da Alemanha a Portugal, devido à requisição de todos os navios mercantes alemães refugiados em portos portugueses. Portugal entrava na Primeira Guerra Mundial.
• 1916 - Pancho Villa leads 1,500 Mexican raiders in an attack against Columbus, New Mexico, killing 17.
• 1918 - Mickey Spillane was born. Mystery writer.
• 1918 - George Lincoln Rockwell was born (d. 1967). American Nazi leader.
• 1923 - Walter Kohn was born (d. 1998). Physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
• 1924 - Peter Scholl-Latour was born. Journalist.
• 1924 - Italy annexes Fiume.
• 1926 - Irene Papas was born. Greek actress.
• 1931 - Ernst Ruska, Premio Nobel per la fisica nel 1986, sperimenta il primo microscopio elettronico.
• 1932 - O antigo imperador chinês Pu Yi é colocado pelos japoneses à frente da Manchúria, província chinesa ocupada pelo Japão.
• 1933 - Great Depression: The U.S. Congress begins its first 100 days of enacting New Deal legislation. President Franklin D. Roosevelt submits the Emergency Banking Act to Congress.
• 1933 - Mel Lastman was born. Canadian politician .
• 1934 - Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin was born in Gzhast, Smolsensk Oblast - Russia cosmonaut, first human in space ( † 1968).
• 1936 - Tom Sestak was born (d. 1987). American football player.
• 1937 - Mickey Gilly,was born, country music performer .
• 1940 - John Cale, was born, composer, musician .
• 1940 - Raúl Juliá, was born, actor (d. 1994).
• 1943 - Nascimento na cidade de Chicago, USA de Robert James Fischer, Campeão Mundial de Xadrez no período de 1972 a 1974.
• 1943 - Charles Gibson, was born, television journalist.
• 1945 - World War II: Bombing of Tokyo - American B-29 bombers attack Tokyo, Japan with incendiary bombs. The resulting fire storm kills over 100,000 people.
• 1948 - Jeffrey Osborne born in Providence, RI, singer.
• 1950 - Doug Ault, was born, Major League Baseball player (d. 2004) .
• 1950 - Danny Sullivan,was born, automobile racer .
• 1951 - Michael Kinsley, was born, journalist, editor, founder of Slate magazine .
• 1954 - McCarthyism: CBS broadcasts the See It Now episode, "A Report on Senator Joseph McCarthy," produced by Edward R. Murrow.
• 1954 - Eva Ahnert-Rohlfs dies (b. 1912). Astronomer.
• 1955 - Ornela Mutti was born. Italian actress.
• 1957 - Aleutian Islands register a 9.1 magnitude earthquake.
• 1959 - The Barbie doll debuts.
• 1960 - Linda Fiorentino was born, actress .
• 1964 - Juliette Binoche was born, actress .
• 1964 - The first Ford Mustang rolls off the assembly line at Ford Motor Company.
• 1964 - Paul Erich von Lettow-Vorbeck dies (b.1870). German general.
• 1965 - Benito Santiago was born. Baseball player .
• 1967 - Josef Stalin's daughter Svetlana Alliluyeva defects to the United States.
• 1970 - Matias de Lima dies. Portuguese poet.
• 1972 - Kerr Smith was born. American soap opera actor .
• 1973 - Aaron Boone was born. Major League Baseball All-Star .
• 1975 - Construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System begins.
• 1976- 42 people die in a Cavalese cable-car disaster, the worst cable-car accident to date.
• 1977 - Approximately a dozen armed Hanafi Muslims take over three buildings in Washington, DC, killing one person and taking more than 130 hostages. The hostage situation ends two days later.
• 1981 - Antonio Bryant was born. American football wide receiver .
• 1981 - Max Delbrück dies (b. 1906). Biologist.
• 1986 - United States Navy divers find the largely intact but heavily-damaged crew compartment of the Space Shuttle Challenger. The bodies of all seven astronauts were still inside.
• 1986 - Mario Soares sworns as President of Portuguese Republic. / Mario Soares assume a Presidencia da República em Portugal.
• 1987 - Rock band U2 release the classic album The Joshua Tree.
• 1987 - Bow Wow was born. Rap musician, actor .
• 1989 - Robert Mapplethorpe dies (b. 1946). Artist.
• 1989 - A strike forces financially-troubled Eastern Airlines into bankruptcy.
• 1990 - Dr. Antonia Novello is sworn in as Surgeon General of the United States, becoming the first female and Hispanic American to serve in that position.
• 1990 - Newfoundland and Labrador Premier Clyde Wells confirms he will rescind Newfoundland's approval of the Meech Lake Accord, effectively killing the Accord.
• 1991- Massive demonstrations are held against Slobodan Milosevic in Belgrade. Two people are killed and tanks are in the streets.
• 1991 - Mario Soares toma posse como presidente da República de Portugal no seu segundo mandato.
• 1992 - Menachem Begin dies (b. 1913). Prime Minister of Israel.
• 1993 - C. Northcote Parkinson dies (b. 1909). Historian and writer.
• 1993 - Rodney King testifies at the federal trial of four Los Angeles, California police officers accused of violating King's civil rights when they beat him during an arrest.
• 1993 - Bob Crosby dies. American bandleader and conductor .
  1994 - Charles Bukowski dies (b. 1920). Poet, writer
• 1994 - Fernando Rey dies. Actor.
• 1995 - Kappa Phi Lambda is founded at Binghamton University.
• 1996 - George Burns dies (b. 1896). Actor, singer.
• 1996 - Jorge Sampaio assumes the place of President of Portugal / O socialista Jorge Sampaio assume a Presidencia da República Portuguesa.
• 1997 - The Notorious B.I.G. [Christopher Wallace] dies (b. 1972). Rap musician.
• 1997 - Terry Nation dies. Writer (Dr Who, Blake 7).
• 2000 - Ivo Robic dies (b. 1923). singer and songwriter - Croatia, Mister Morgen
• 2003 - Stan Brakhage dies (b. 1933). Filmmaker.
• 2003 - Bernard Dowiyogo dies (b. 1946). Former president of Nauru
• 2004 - John Allen Mohammed is sentenced to death for his part in the Beltway sniper attacks of October 2002. Lee Boyd Malvo is sentenced to life in prison.
• 2004 - A terrorist attack on a restaurant in Istanbul kills one and injures 5.
• 2004 - The US federal building and courthouse in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, was renamed the Ronald Reagan Federal Building and Courthouse.
• 2004 - Albert Mol dies (b. 1917). Actor.
• 2004 - Robert Pastorelli dies (b. 1954). Actor.
• 2005 - The final broadcast by Dan Rather on CBS Evening News.
• 2006 - Cavaco Silva sworns as President of Portuguese Republic suceeding Jorge Sampaio.