On this day in History - May 14

• 0649 - Theodore I ends his reign as Catholic Pope.
• 0964 - Pope John XII, [Octavianus], Pope (955-64), dies (b. circa 0937) .
• 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the de facto ruler of England.
• 1265 - Dante Alighieri, was born (d. 1321). Italian poet.
• 1316 - Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor was born (d. 1378).
• 1483 - Coronation of Charles VIII of France (The Kind).
• 1493 - Início da construção da Catedral do Funchal.
• 1509 - Battle of Agnadello: In northern Italy, French forces defeat the Venetians.
• 1553 - Margaret of Valois, was born (d. 1615). Queen of Henry IV of France.
• 1607 - A primeira povoação inglesa permanente na América foi criada com o nome de Jamestown. Three very small ships, Susan Constant, Godspeed and Discovery, sailed across the ocean blue from Plymouth, England to a place the ship’s crew and passengers called Jamestown. Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement in what is now the United States. It became the capital of Virginia and remained so through 1699.
• 1610 - París: el fanático católico François Ravaillac apuñala a Enrique IV, rey de Francia.
• 1610 - King Henry IV of France dies assassinated (b. 1553).
• 1643 - King Louis XIII of France dies (b. 1601) .
• 1643 - Four year-old Louix XIV becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Louis XIII.
• 1686 - Nasceu o físico alemão Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit.
• 1706 - Comienza el sitio de Turín (Italia).
• 1710 - King Adolf Frederick of Sweden was born (d. 1771).
• 1727 - Thomas Gainsborough, was born (d. 2 Aug 1788). English artist : The Blue Boy, The Watering Place;
• 1747 - British fleet under Admiral George Anson defeats French at first battle of Cape Finisterre.
• 1771 - Robert Owen, was born (d. 1858). Social reformer.
• 1787 - In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, delegates begin to meet to write a new Constitution for the United States.
• 1796 - Edward Jenner administers the first smallpox vaccination.
• 1804 - The Lewis and Clark Expedition departs from Camp Dubois and begin their historic journey by traveling up the Missouri River.
• 1811 - Paraguay gains independence from Spain.
• 1814 - Regresa a España, Fernando VII, después de haber sufrido cautiverio en Francia. Anula el gobierno representativo y deroga la Constitución de Cádiz de 1812.
• 1818 - Matthew Lewis, dies (b. 1775). Novelist.
• 1832 - Rudolf Lipschitz, was born (d. 1903). Mathematician.
• 1840 - Lars Frederik Nilson dies (b. 27 May 1840) . Chemist who discovered (1879) the oxide of scandium, scandia, in the rare-earth minerals gadolinite and euxenite. The existence of the element had been predicted by Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev (1871) who tentatively called it ekaboron.
• 1847 - Fanny Mendelssohn, dies (b. 1805). Composer and pianist, sister of Felix.
• 1861 - The Canellas meteorite, an 859-gram chondrite-type meteorite strikes the earth near Barcelona, Spain.
• 1862 - Adolphe Nicole of Switzerland patented the chronograph -- a timepiece that allows for split-second timing of sporting events.
• 1863 - John Charles Fieldswas born (d. 9 Aug 1932. American mathematician who originated the idea, postumously given his name - for the Fields Medal. It became the most prestigious award for mathematicians, often referred to as the equivalent of a Nobel Prize for mathematicians.
• 1867 - Kurt Eisner, was born (d. 1919). Politician and publicist.
• 1869 - Friedrich Karl Kleine, was born (d. 1951). Physician.
• 1870 - The first game of rugby in New Zealand is played in Nelson between Nelson College and the Nelson Rugby Football Club.
• 1872 - Mikhail Semyonovich Tswett was born (d.26 Jun 1919). Russian botanist, the "father of chromatography," who developed and named the adsorption chromatography technique of separating plant pigments by extracting them from leaves with ether and alcohol and percolating the solution through a column of calcium carbonate.
• 1878 - The trademarked name Vaseline (for a brand of petroleum jelly) was registered by Robert A. Chesebrough.
• 1884 - Claude Dornier, was born (d. 1969). Aircraft designer.
• 1885 - Otto Klemperer, was born (d. 1973). Conductor.
• 1887 - Lysander Spooner, dies (b. 1808). Individualist anarchist.
• 1889 - Volney E. Howard, dies (b. 1809). American politician.
• 1889 - The children's charity the NSPCC is launched in London.
• 1892 - Vitesse 1892 soccer team forms in Arnhem.
• 1893 - Ernst Eduard Kummer dies (b. 29 Jan 1810). German mathematician whose introduction of ideal numbers, which are defined as a special subgroup of a ring, extended the fundamental theorem of arithmetic to complex number fields.
• 1897 - A statue of George Washington was unveiled in Philadelphia, PA. To commemorate the occasion, John Philip Sousa’s march, The Stars and Stripes Forever, was performed. It was the first public performance for Sousa’s march and the President of the U.S., William McKinley, was in the audience.
• 1897 - El físico Giuglielmo Marconi realiza la primera transmisión de radio de la historia.
• 1897 - Sidney Bechet, was born (d. 1959). Jazz musician.
• 1900 - The 1900 Summer Olympics open in Paris.
• 1904 - The Olympic Games opened in St. Louis, MO. It marked the first time that the games were held in the United States.
• 1904 - Hans Albert Einstein, was born. American professor.
• 1906 - Carl Schurz dies (b. 1829). German revolutionist and American statesman.
• 1907 - Ayub Khan, was born (d. 1974). President of Pakistan.
• 1912- King Frederick VIII of Denmark dies (b. 1843).
• 1912 - August Strindberg, dies (b. 1849). Swedish author (Deaddans).
• 1913- New York Governor William Sulzer approves the charter for the Rockefeller Foundation, which begins operations with a $100 million donation from John D. Rockefeller.
• 1914 - The Hellenic Holocaust starts, according to an official document from Talaat Bey (Minister of the Interior) to the prefect of Smyrna.
• 1915 - Tumultos violentos em Lisboa com assalto a armazéns e a padarias de multidões à procura de comida. O movimento revolucionário, com participação de militares e civis, que acompanha estes distúrbios é reprimido violentamente, provocando centenas de mortes e feridos. O governo ditatorial de Pimenta de Castro é demitido.
• 1917 - Hacen su entrada triunfal a la población de Ojinaga, Chihuahua, las fuerzas revolucionarias maderistas de Francisco Villa.
• 1917 - Lou Harrison, was born (d. 2003). Composer.
• 1918 - James Hardy was born (d. 19 Feb 2003). American surgeon who headed teams that performed the first human lung transplant in 1963; the first animal-to-human heart transplant in 1964; and a double-lung transplant that left the heart in place in 1987 .
• 1919 - Henry John Heinzdies (b. 11 Oct 1844). Business person who founded H.J. Heinz Co. and invented the "57 varieties" slogan.
• 1920 - O Museo Nacional de Pintura y Escultura passa a ser o Museo Nacional del Prado
• 1921 - Richard Deacon, was born. Actor.
• 1922 - Franjo Tuđman, was born (d. 1999). President of Croatia.
• 1924 - Joly Braga Santos, was born in Lisbon in 1924 (d. 1988). Portuguese composer.
• 1924 - Enrico Barone dies (b. 22 Dec 1859). Italian mathematical economist who built on the general equilibrium theory of Léon Walras and was instrumental in convincing Walras to incorporate variable production techniques - and, by extension, marginal productivity theory - into the Walras theory.
• 1927 - Cap Arcona is launched at the Blohm + Voss shipyard in Hamburg.
• 1929 - Wilfred Rhodes takes his 4000th first-class wicket during a performance of 9 for 39 at Leyton.
• 1929 - Gump Worsley, was born. Hockey player.
• 1931 - Alvin Lucier, was born. Composer.
• 1931 - Proclamadas as Repúblicas de Espanha e da Catalunha.
• 1931 - David Belasco, dies (b. 1853). American theatrical producer and playwright.
• 1934 - Siân Phillips, was born. Actress .
• 1935 - The Filipinos ratify an independence agreement.
• 1935 - Estados Unidos: Carl Magee inventa el parquímetro.
• 1936 - Bobby Darin, (Cassoto) was born (d. 20 Dec 1973). American Grammy Award-winning singer: Mack the Knife [1959]; Splish Splash, Dream Lover, You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby, Things, If I Were a Carpenter; inducted into Rock and Roll Hall of Fame [1990]; actor: Captain Newman, M.D., If a Man Answers, Come September;
• 1936 - Edmund Henry Hynman Allenby, dies (b. 1861). British general.
• 1939 - Lina Medina, becomes the world's youngest confirmed mother in medical history at the age of five.
• 1940 - World War II: Rotterdam is bombed by the German Luftwaffe.
• 1940 - World War II: The Netherlands surrender to Germany.
• 1942 - Byron Dorgan, was born. Politician .
• 1943 - Jack Bruce, was born. Guitarist.
• 1943 - Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, was born. President of Iceland .
• 1943 - Henri La Fontaine, was born. Belgium politics. Nobel Prize for Peace - 1913 .
• 1944 - George Lucas, was born. American film director and producer (Star Wars series, Indiana Jones series, American Graffiti).
• 1945 - Heber J. Grant, dies (b. 1856). President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
• 1946 - Eric Peterson, was born. Canadian actor.
• 1948 - Israel declares itself to be an independent state and a provisional government is established.
• 1948 - The murder of a three-year-old girl in Blackburn, England leads to the fingerprinting of more than 40,000 men in the city in an attempt to find the murderer.
• 1948 - Bob Woolmer, was born. Cricket coach.
• 1952 - David Byrne, was born in Dumbarton, Scotland. Singer, songwriter, and guitarist (Talking Heads) .
• 1952 - Robert Zemeckis, was born. Academy Award-winning director: Forrest Gump [1994]; Death Becomes Her, Back to the Future trilogy, Who Framed Roger Rabbit, Romancing the Stone, Used Cars, I Wanna Hold Your Hand; script writer [w/Bob Gale]: 1941; executive producer: Tales from the Crypt .
• 1953 - Norodom Sihamoni, was born. King of Cambodia .
• 1954 - Heinz Guderian, general alemán nazi.
• 1955 - Cold War: Eight communist bloc countries including the Soviet Union sign a mutual defence treaty called the Warsaw Pact.
• 1955 - Betty Ann Davies, dies at 44. Actress [The Passionate Friends (1949)
• 1957 - Marie Vassilieff, dies (b. 1884). Artist.
• 1959 - Sidney Bechet, dies (b. 1897). Jazz musician.
• 1960 - Steve Williams, was born. Professional wrestler.
• 1961 - Tim Roth, was bornin London, Englang . Actor (Reservoir Dogs, Vincent & Theo).
• 1961 - American civil rights movement: Freedom Riders bus is fire-bombed near Anniston, Alabama and the civil rights protestors are beaten by an angry mob.
• 1962 - Princess Sophia of Greece weds Don Juan Carlos of Spain .
• 1963 - Kuwait is 111th member of the United Nations.
• 1965 - Eoin Colfer, was born. Writer.
• 1966 - Raphael Saadiq, was born. American music artist.
• 1967 - Tony Siragusa, was born. American football player.
• 1968 - Gillian Anderson, actress (Dana Sculley-X Files) .
• 1969 - Cate Blanchett, was born. Australian actress.
• 1969 - Abortion & contraception legalized in Canada .
• 1969 - Frederick Lane, dies (b. 1888). Australian swimmer.
• 1970 - The Red Army Faction is established in Germany.
• 1971 - Sofia Coppola, was born. American film director, producer, writer and actress.
• 1973 - Skylab, the United States' first space station, is launched.
• 1973 - Jean Gebser, dies (b. 1905). Author, linguist and poet.
• 1974 - Em Portugal o general Spinola assume o alto magistrado de Presidente da República .
• 1975 - Dynamo Kiev wins 15th Europe Cup winners Cup .
• 1977 - Ada Nicodemou, was born. Australian actress.
• 1977 - Roy Halladay, was born. baseball player.
• 1978 - Robert Menzies, DIES (B. 1894). Twelfth Prime Minister of Australia.
• 1980 - Roger J. Traynor, dies (b. 1900). American judge.
• 1980 - Valencia wins 20th Europe Cup Winners Cup .
• 1982 - Guinea adopts constitution.
• 1983 - Amber Tamblyn, was born. Actress.
• 1983 - Muere en la ciudad de México, el licenciado Miguel Alemán Valdés, quien fuera presidente de México en el período de 1946 a 1952. El licenciado Alemán nació en Sayula, Veracruz, el 24 de septiembre de 1903.
• 1983 - Rosa Mota (Portugal) runs female world record 20k (1:06:55.5) .
• 1985 - Mohammed Munir, Indonesian worker's union leader, dies executed.
• 1987 - Rita Hayworth, dies (b. 1918). Actress.
• 1988 - Willem Drees, dies (b. 1886). Dutch prime-minister.
• 1989 - Carlos Menem é eleito presidente argentino
• 1990- Nothing Compares 2 U - Sinead O’Connor is in the Top Charters (nº. 1).
• 1991 - Jiang Qing, widow of Chinese leader Mao Tse Tung, commits suicide.
• 1994 - O Benfica vai ao Estádio José de Alvalade vencer o seu rival por 6-3 num jogo histórico com João Pinto a marcar três golos e a fazer uma das suas maiores (senão a maior) exibição. O Benfica viria a sagrar-se nessa época Campeão Nacional.
• 1995 - Christian Boehmer Anfinsen dies (b. 26 Mar 1916) . American biochemist who, with Stanford Moore and William H. Stein, received the 1972 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for research on the shape and primary structure of ribonuclease (the enzyme that hydrolyses RNA).
• 1995 - Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama proclaims 6-year-old Gedhun Choekyi Nyima as the eleventh reincarnation of the Panchen Lama.
• 1997 - Harry Blackstone Jr., dies (b. 1934). Magician.
• 1997 - Se forma la empresa Star Alliance entre Air Canada, Lufthansa, SAS, Thai Airways International y United Airlines.
• 1998 - After nine years on the air, the series finale of the television sitcom Seinfeld is aired on NBC.
• 1998 - Frank Sinatra, dies (b. 1915). Singer, actor.
• 2000 - Obuchi Keizo, dies (b. 1937). Japanese prime minister.
• 2001 - Cabo Verde ratifica o Tratado de Banimento das Minas Terrestres.
• 2002 - Portugal torna-se membro da International Whaling Commission
• 2003 - Dave DeBusschere, dies (b. 1940). NBA basketball player.
• 2003 - Dame Wendy Hiller, dies (b. 1912). British actress.
• 2003 - Robert Stack, dies (b. 1919). Actor.
• 2004 - The marriage of Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark and Mary Donaldson takes place in Copenhagen.
• 2004 - Piers Morgan is fired as editor of the Daily Mirror, when photographs that had been published in the newspaper of alleged abuse of Iraqi prisoners by British soldiers were proved to be fake.
• 2004 - Insurgents or terrorists in Iraq detonate a 155 mm shell containing several liters of binary precursors for sarin. The shell was designed to mix the chemicals as it spun during flight and the explosion failed to mix them properly. Although it only resulted in a small release of sarin, two U.S. soldiers are treated for exposure after displaying the early symptoms.
• 2004 - Post-guerra en Iraq: Muqtada Al Sadr declara la jihad contra las tropas invasoras estadounidenses.
• 2004 - Casamiento del príncipe heredero Federico de Dinamarca con la abogada australiana Mary Donaldson.
• 2004 - A FIFA anuncia que a Copa do Mundo de 2010 será na África do Sul
• 2005 - Dia das decisões no Campeonato de Futebol de Portugal com a realização do jogo Benfica-Sporting perante 65.000 pessoas no Estádio da Luz.
• Paraguay - Flag Day
• Israel - Yom Ha'atzma'ut, or Israeli Independence Day. The observed date of this national holiday is determined by the Jewish Calendar.