On this day in History - Apr 27

• 0399 BC - Socrates, dies (B. 470 bc). Philosopher (poison via hemlock)
• 0630 - Ardashir III, dies. King of the Sassanid dynasty.
• 1076 - Willem bishop of Utrecht (1054-76), murderer of earl Floris I, dies.
• 1124 - David becomes King of Scotland.
• 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated by Edward I of England.
• 1404 - Philip the Bold Duke of Burgundy, dies (b. 1342) .
• 1494 - Sûleyman, llamado el Magnífico, was born. Sultán otomano .
• 1509 - Pope Julius II places the Italian state of Venice under interdict.
• 1521 - Battle of Mactan: Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan (Fernão de Magalhães) is killed by natives in the Philippines led by chief Lapu-Lapu.
• 1530 - Jacopo Sannazaro, dies (b. 1458). Italian poet.
• 1554 - Naufrágio do galeão português São Bento.
• 1565 - Cebu is established becoming the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines.
• 1605 - Pope Leo XI [Alessandro O de' Medici] dies (b. 1535). Italian Pope.
• 1613 - Robert Abercromby, dies (b. 1532). Jesuit.
• 1656 - Gerard van Honthorst, "Gherardo della Notte", dies (b. 04 Nov 1592). Dutch painter and draftsman addicted to night scenes
• 1667 - The blind, impoverished English poet John Milton sells the copyright of Paradise Lost for £10.
• 1695 - Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz [Asbaje] Mexican poetress/nun, dies at 44 .
• 1733 - Josef Gottlieb Kölreuter was born (d. 12 Nov 1806). German botanist who was a pioneer in the study of plant hybrids. He was first to develop a scientific application of the discovery, made in 1694 by the German botanist Rudolph Jacob Camerarius, of sex in plants.
• 1737 - Edward Gibbon, was born (d. 16 Jan 1794). Historian, author "The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire".
• 1744 - Morte de Bernardo Filipe Neri de Távora (2º conde de Alvor - Portugal)
• 1759 - Mary Wollstonecraft, was born (d. 1797). Feminist, activist, author.
• 1773 - The British Parliament passes the Tea Act, designed to save the British East India Company by granting it a monopoly on the North American tea trade.
• 1791 - Samuel F. B. Morse, was born (d. 2 Apr 1872). Painter and Inventor. Morse was a well-known painter who gained a wide reputation as a portrait artist.was a founder of the National Academy of Design in 1826 and became professor of painting and sculpture at New York University in 1832-a position he held until his death in 1872. Morse invented the first practical recording telegraph in America and developed the Morse code, revolutionizing communication.
• 1805 - First Barbary War: United States Marines and Berbers attack the Tripolitan city of Derna (The "shores of Tripoli" part of the Marines' hymn).
• 1812 - Friedrich von Flowtow, was born (d. 1883). Composer.
• 1813 - War of 1812: United States troops capture the capital of Ontario, York (present day Toronto, Ontario).
• 1813 - Zebulon Pike, dies (b. 1779). Mountain man, explorer.
• 1820 - Herbert Spencer, was born (d. 8 Dec 1903). English sociologist and philosopher who was an early adherent of evolutionary theory.
• 1822 - [Hiram] Ulysses S[impson] Grant, was born in Point Pleasant, Ohio (d. 1885). 18th President of the United States (1869-77, Republican) .
• 1829 - Marc Louis Benjamin Vautier, was born (d. 25 Apr 1898). Swiss painter.
• 1834 - Thomas Stothard, dies (b. 17 Aug 1755). English Neoclassical painter, designer, and illustrator.
• 1840 - Foundation stone for new Palace of Westminster, London, laid by wife of Sir Charles Barry.
• 1840 - Muere el virtuoso del violín Niccolò Paganini.
• 1842 - Emil Jakob Schindler, was born (d. 09 Aug 1892). Austrian Impressionist painter specialized in landscapes.
• 1856 - Richard Thomas Moynan, was born (d. 10 Apr 1906). British artist.
• 1859 - "Pomona" sank in North Atlantic drowning all 400 aboard.
• 1861 - President Abraham Lincoln suspends the writ of habeas corpus.
• 1865 - The steamboat Sultana, carrying 2,300 passengers, explodes and sinks in the Mississippi River, killing 1,700, most of whom were Union survivors of the Andersonville Prison.
• 1865 -Vladimir Germanovich Bogoraz was born (d. 10 May 1936). Russian anthropologist whose study of the Chukchi people of northeastern Siberia ranks among the classic works of ethnography .
• 1875 - Maurice de Broglie was born (d.1 4 Jul 1960). French physicist who made many contributions to the study of X rays .
• 1878 - Frank Alvin Gotch, was born (d. 1917). American wrestler.
• 1878 - Charles Victor Thirion, dies (b. 30 Mar 1833). French artist.
• 1882 - Ralph Waldo Emerson, dies (b. 1803). Essayist.
• 1880 - Francis Clarke and M.G. Foster patented the electrical hearing aid.
• 1882 - Ralph Waldo Emerson dies. Philosopher.
• 1882 - Ferdinand Reich, was born. German chemist.
• 1886 - Louis-Eugène-Gabriel Isabey, French painter and printmaker, one of Louis-Philippe’s principal court painters; equally notable for his land- and seascapes, he represents a link between the artists of the Rococo revival and the birth of Romanticism ( La Tentation de Saint Antoine L'arrivée du duc d'Alba à Rotterdam en 1567).
• 1888 - Florence La Badie, was born (d. 1917). Pioneer actress.
• 1891 - Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev, was born. Composer.
• 1894 - Nicolas Slonimsky, was born (d. 1995). Musicologist and composer .
• 1895 - The popular periodical Harper's Weekly carried a story on the World Transportation Commission's visit to Ceylon, now called Sri Lanka.
• 1896 - Wallace Hume Carothers was born (d. 29 Apr 1937). American chemist who developed nylon (1935), the first synthetic polymer fibre to be spun from a melt.
• 1896 - Rogers Hornsby, was born (d. 1963). Baseball Hall of Famer.
• 1897 - Grant's Tomb is dedicated.
• 1900 - Walter Lantz, was born (d. 1994). American cartoonist, who created the fun-loving. slighly maniac bird Woody Woodpecker.
• 1900 - Martin Beheim-Schwarzenbach, was born (d. 1985). Narrator, lyricist and essayist.
• 1903 - Hans Walter Kosterlitz was born (d. 26 Oct 1996). German-born British pharmacologist who had already retired from the University of Aberdeen, Scotland, when he discovered (1975), with John Hughes, enkephalins, two potent naturally occurring opiates in the brain.
• 1904 - The Australian Labor Party becomes the first such party to gain national government, under Chris Watson.
• 1904 - C. Day Lewis was born. Author.
• 1904 - Cecil Day-Lewis, was born (d. 1972). Poet and writer.
• 1908 - The 1908 Summer Olympics open in London.
• 1909 - Sultan of Turkey Abdul Hamid II is overthrown, and is succeeded by his brother, Murat V.
• 1910 - Nascimento em Caconde -SP, de Ranieri Mazzilli (Paschoal Ranieri Mazzilli), 31º e 34° Presidente do Brasil (Governos Provisórios como Presidente da Câmara dos Deputados - 25/08 a 08/09/1961 e 02 a 15/04/1964).
• 1910 - Julien Mamet realiza o primeiro vôo de avião em Portugal .
• 1913 - Philip Hauge Abelson, was born (d. 1 Aug2004).US Physicist, co-discoverer (with the U.S. physicist Edwin M. McMillan) of Neptunium. He proposed the gas diffusion process for separating uranium-235 from uranium-238 which was essential to the development of the atomic bomb.
• 1915 - Alexander Scriabin, dies (b. 1872). Composer.
• 1916 - Enos Slaughter, was born (d. 2002). Baseball Hall of Famer .
• 1920 - Guido Cantelli, was born (d. 1956). Conductor.
• 1921 - Arthur Mold, dies (b. 1863). Controversial Lancashire fast bowler and alleged "chucker".
• 1922 - Jack Klugman, was born. Actor.
• 1922 - Jack Klugman was born. Emmy Award-winning actor: The Defenders: Blacklist [1963-1964], The Odd Couple [1970-1971, 1972-1973]; Quincy, M.E., Twelve Angry Men, Days of Wine and Roses, Goodbye Columbus.
• 1924 - Inauguración del estadio de Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata. Enfrenta a Estudiantil Porteño, a quien le gana 3 a 0.
• 1927 - Chile, fundación de Carabineros de Chile por el presidente Carlos Ibáñez del Campo.
• 1927 - Nace Mauricio Borensztein, "Tato Bores", actor cómico.
• 1927 - Coretta Scott King was born. Civil-rights leader (1927). Wife of Dr. Martin Luther King
• 1927 - Coretta King, was born. Civil rights activist and widow of the Reverend Martin Luther King.
• 1931 - Igor Oistrakh, was born. Ukrainian violinist.
• 1932 - Anouk Aimée, was born. Actress. (Françoise Sorya Dreyfus)actress: La Dolce Vita, Lola, A Man and a Woman, Dr. Bethune, Ready to Wear
• 1932 - Casey Kasem, was born. American disc jockey
• 1932 - Gian-Carlo Rota, was born (d. 1999). Mathematician and philosopher.
• 1932 - Hart Crane, dies drowned after jumping from a steamer while en route to New York (suicide) (b. 1899). Writer.
• 1933 - Se firma el Pacto Roca-Runciman entre Argentina y Gran Bretaña, por el que este último país se compromete a comprar carne argentina a cambio de la protección a empresas británicas en el país americano .
• 1933 - Se estrena "Tango", de Luis Moglia Barth, primera película sonora del cine argentino.
• 1933 - Nace Rafael Guillén, poeta español.
• 1935 - Brussel's World Expo opens.
• 1936 - The United Automobile, Aerospace, and Agricultural Implement Workers of America (UAW) gains autonomy from the American Federation of Labor.
• 1936 - Karl Pearson, dies (b. 27 Mar 1857). English mathematician, one of the founders of modern statistics. From 1893 to 1912 he wrote a series of 18 papers entitled Mathematical Contributions to the Theory of Evolution, which contained much of his most valuable work, including the chi-square test of statistical significance.
• 1937 - Antonio Gramsci, Italian philosopher/marxist theorist, dies at 46.
• 1937 - Inauguración del Golden Gate de San Francisco.
• 1937 - Muere el teórico socialista y dirigente de P.C. italiano Antonio Gramsci.
• 1937 - Sandy Dennis, was born in Nebraska (d. 2 Mar 1992). Academy Award-winning actress: Who’s Afraid of Virginia Wolff [1966]; The Execution, Splendor in the Grass;
• 1938 - Es creada la Asociación Uruguaya de Jugadores Profesionales con la supervisión of José Nasazzi, quien actuará como Presidente.
• 1940 - Com a presença do Presidente do Brasil Getúlio Vargas, é inaugurado o Estádio Municipal de Pacaembú.
• 1940 - En Buenos Aires, es inaugurado el estadio de Argentinos Juniors .
• 1940 - Himmler orders establishment of Auschwitz Concentration Camp .
• 1941 - Lee Roy Jordan,was born. American football player .
• 1941 - World War II: German troops enter Athens.
• 1942 - Tornado destroys Pryor, Oklahoma killing 100, injuring 300
• 1942 - Bob Foster was born. International Boxing Hall of Famer: light heavyweight champion [1968-74]: won 56 of 65 professional fights.
• 1945 - August Wilson, was born. Playwright.
• 1945 - 2nd Republic of Austria forms.
• 1945 - Italian partisans captured Mussolini.
• 1947 - Babe Ruth Day is celebrated at Yankee Stadium.
• 1947 - Ace Frehley, was born. Musician ("KISS").
• 1950 - Apartheid: In South Africa, the Group Areas Act is passed formally segregating races.
• 1950 - The modern state of Israel was officially recognized by the British government.
• 1951 - Mohammed Mossadeq chosen premier of Persia
• 1953 - 1st general elections in British Guyana, won by Jagans PPP.
• 1954 - The film White Christmas, starring Bing Crosby and Danny Kaye, premieres.
• 1955 - Mimi Rogers, Coral Gables, Florida, actress, Paper Dolls, The Rousters
• 1956 - Rocky Marciano retired as undefeated world heavyweight boxing champion.
• 1956 - El gobierno de la Revolución Libertadora anula la Constitución de 1949 y reimplanta la de 1853, por decreto-ley del presidente Pedro E. Aramburu.
• 1959 - Sheena Easton, [Sheena Shirley Orr] was born. Singer: Modern Girl, Morning Train, One Man Woman, When He Shines, For Your Eyes Only, We Got Tonight, Strut, Sugar Walls .
• 1959 - Liu Sjau-chi elected President of People's Rebublic of China.
• 1960 - Togo gains independence from French-administered UN trusteeship.
• 1960 - 1st atomic powered electric-drive submarine launched, the Tullibee.
• 1960 - South Korean President Syngman Rhee resigns.
• 1961 - Sierra Leone is granted its independence from the United Kingdom, with Milton Margai as the first Prime Minister.
• 1961 - La NASA lanza el satélite Explorer 11.
• 1962 - El nadador Luis Alberto Nicolao - de solo 17 años - obtiene un resonante triunfo en Río de Janeiro: en 57¨ supera el récord mundial de los 1000 metros estilo mariposa.
• 1963 - Cali Timmins, was born. Actress .
• 1965 - Edward R. Murrow, dies (b. 1908). Journalist.
• 1967 - Prince Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands,was born. Crown prince of the Netherlands .
• 1967 - Expo '67 opens in Montreal, Quebec.
• 1968 - Muhammad Ali’s successor was finally decided after an eight-month runoff. Jimmy Ellis defeated Jerry Quarry of Atascadero, CA for the World Boxing Association’s heavyweight title.
• 1968 - Congress of Political Party Radicals (PPR) forms in Netherlands.
• 1969 - Darcey Bussell, was born. UK ballerina.
• 1969 - Mica Paris, was born. UK singer and presenter.
• 1970 - Kylie Travis, was born. Actress and model.
• 1970 - The discovery of hahnium, element 105, was announced at the American Physical Society meeting in Washington, D.C. The work was done by Albert Ghiorso at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley, California .
• 1972 - Constructive Vote of No Confidence against German Chancellor Willy Brandt fails under obscure circumstances.
• 1972 - La Apolo 16 retorna a la Tierra.
• 1972 - Kwame Nkrumah, dies (b. 1909). First post-independence leader of Ghana.
• 1974 - Portugal: na sequência da Revolução de 25 de Abril é apresentado o Programa do Movimento das Forças Armadas.
• 1974 - Pan Am 707 crashes into mountains of Bali, killing 107.
• 1976 - Arabic Monetary Fund established in Abu Dhabi.
• 1977 - Rafael Alberti regresa a España después de 38 años de exilio.
• 1977 - Portugal assina a European Convention on Social and Medical Assistance.
• 1978 - Mohammed Daud, premier/president of Afghanistan, murdered.
• 1978 - Afghanistan revolution (National Day), pro-Russian military coup.
• 1981 - Xerox PARC introduces the computer mouse.
• 1981 - Former Beatle Ringo Starr married Barbara Bach at the Marylebone Registry Office in London. Paul McCartney and wife Linda, George Harrison and Harry Nilsson were in attendance.
• 1983 - Pitcher Nolan Ryan surpassed Walter Johnson’s strikeout record—one that had held since 1927.
• 1983 - Ariel Geltman Graynor was born in Boston, Massachussetes, USA. Actress.
• 1984 - Sale de la cadena de montaje de Seat en Barcelona el primer Ibiza .
• 1986 - Captain Midnight (John R. MacDougall) hijacks HBO's satellite and transmits his own message to HBO viewers.
• 1987 - Austrian president Kurt Waldheim was barred from entering the United States. He was accused of aiding in the execution of thousands of Jews in World War II.
• 1989 - Muere Raúl Sendic, fundador y dirigente de los tupamaros uruguayos.
• 1989 - Konosuke Matsushita dies (b. 27 Nov 1894). Japanese industrialist who founded the Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., the largest manufacturer of consumer electric appliances in the world.
• 1989 - Hurricane in Bangladesh, kills 500 .
• 1992 - The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was proclaimed in Belgrade by the Republic of Serbia and its lone ally Montenegro.
• 1992 - Olivier Messiaen, dies (b. 1908). Composer.
• 1992 - Russia and 12 other former Soviet republics won entry into the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.
• 1992 - Gerard K. O'Neill dies (b. 6 Feb 1927). American physicist who invented the colliding-beam storage ring and was a leading advocate of space colonization. He experimented with ways to increase the energy output of particle accelerators .
• 1994 - South African general election, 1994: The first democratic general election in South Africa, in which black citizens vote.
• 1994 - The funeral of former U.S. President Richard Nixon is held in Nixon's hometown of Yorba Linda, California. Several foriegn dignitaries and all five living U.S. presidents attend.
• 1995 - Willem Frederik Hermans, dies (b. 1921). Dutch writer.
• 1997 - Andrew Cunanan murders Jeffrey Trail, beginning a murder spree that will last until July and terminate with the murder of fashion designer Gianni Versace.
• 1998 - Carlos Castañeda dies in Los Angeles (b. 25 Dez 1925). Peruvian born /USA author.
• 1999 - Al Hirt, "The King of the Trumpet," dies in New Orleans at age 76 (b. 1922). Musician.
• 1999 -Rolf William Landauer dies (b. 4 Feb 1927). German-born American physicist whose discovery of what came to be known as Landauer's principle (that the erasing of computer information causes a loss of energy) led to the development of more efficient computers.
• 1999 - Mark David Weiser dies (b.23 July 1952). American computer scientist and visionary who developed the pioneering idea for what he referred to as "ubiquitous computing," He coined that term in 1988 to describe a future in which PC's will be replaced with tiny computers embedded in everyday "smart" devices
• 2000 - In Uganda workers in Ggaba, a residential area south of Kampala, exhumed the bodies of 55 more people associated with the Movement for the Restoration of Ten Commandments. Total deaths stood at 979.
• 2002 - George Alec Effinger, dies (b. 1947). Science fiction author.
• 2002 - Hans Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza, Swiss industrialist and art collector.
• 2002 - Ruth Handler dies aged 85. Co-founder of Mattel and creator of the Barbie doll (1959).
• 2002 - O Sporting empata (2 x 2) com o Vitória de Setúbal e vence o título português de futebol 2001/2002 .
• 2003 - In Argentina former President Carlos Menem (72) finished first in presidential elections but failed to win an outright victory in his comeback bid, setting up a runoff vote with Nestor Kirchner, governor of Patagonia.
• 2003 -In Beijing theaters, cafes and karaoke bars were closed as 126 new SARS cases were reported. Total confirmed cases in China rose to 2,914 with 131 deaths. 26 of China's 31 provinces were infected.
• 2004 - Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov and EU officials signed an accord extending the EU-Russia partnership accord to Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Cyprus and Malta, which join May 1.
  Slovenia: Day of Uprising Against Occupation .
• South Africa: Freedom day .
• Independence Day: Togo, 1960;
• Independence Day Sierra Leone, 1961 .
• World Day of Design .
• Feast of Saint Zita in the Roman Catholic Church .