On this day in History - Mar 30

• 0239 -BC- 1st recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
• 1135 - Nascimento de Moshé (Moisés) Ben Maimón, médico judeu sefardim, conhecido entre os muçulmanos como Abu Imram Musa ben Maimun Ibn Abdalá, e no ocidente por Maimónides, na Aljama de Córdoba-Espanha. Médico e filósofo.
• 1266 - As Vésperas Sicilianas: o povo de Palermo, capital da Sicília, levanta-se contra Carlos de Anjou, após a cerimónia das Vésperas. A revolta terminará com a coroação do rei de Aragão Pedro III, o Grande, chamado para ocupar o trono.
• 1492 - Ferdinand and Isabella sign a decree aimed at expelling all Jews from Spain unless they convert to Roman Catholicism.
• 1533 Henry VIII divorces his 1st wife, Catherine of Aragon 1533 - Thomas Cranmer becomes Archbishop of Canterbury.
• 1544 - El padre Bartolomé de las Casas es consagrado en Sevilla obispo de la diócesis mexicana de Chiapas.
• 1559 - Muere el matemático Adam Ries, o Riese.
• 1615 - Se otorga a Cervantes autorización real para la impresión de la segunda parte de "El Quijote".
• 1620 - El Papa Paulo V crea la Diócesis Episcopal de Buenos Aires.
• 1672 - Peter I "the Great" Romanov great tsar of Russia (1682-1725) was born.
• 1681 - Peeter Snyers “le Saint”, was born (d. 04 May 1752). Flemish painter/engraver.
• 1719 - Sir John Hawkins, author of the first history of music, was born.
• 1746 - Francisco Goya [Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes], was born in Fuentedetodos, Spain (d. 16 Apr 1828). Painter /etcher (Naked Maja).
• 1764 - Pietro Antonio Locatelli, Italian violinist/composer, dies at 68 .
• 1778 - Playwright Voltaire crowned with laurel wreath Id-al-Adha (Islam) .
• 1783 - William Hunter dies (b. 23 May 1718). British obstetrician, educator, and medical writer whose high standards of teaching and medical practice took obstetrics from the hands of the midwives and established it as an accepted branch of medicine .
• 1791 - After a proposal by the Académie des sciences (Borda, Lagrange, Laplace, Monge and Condorcet), the French National Assembly finally chose that a metre would be a 1/10 000 000 of the distance between the north pole and the equator.
• 1793 - Nace Juan Manuel de Rosas, gobernante argentino.
• 1798 - Luise Hensel, was born. German poet (d. 1876) .
• 1811 - Nace el químico e inventor Robert Wilhelm von Bunsen.
• 1811 - El Congreso Constituyente de Colombia, presidido por Jorge Tadeo Lozano, aprueba la Constitución de Cundinamarca.
• 1814 - Napoleonic Wars: Sixth Coalition forces march into Paris, ending a decade of French domination on the Continent.
• 1820 - Anna Sewell, was born (d. 1878). British author ( Black Beauty) .
• 1822 - Florida Territory created in the United States.
• 1823 - Se establece en México el sistema republicano de Gobierno.
• 1828 - François-Louis-David Bocion, was born in Lausanne (d. 13 Dec 1890). Swiss painter.
• 1832 - Stephen Groombridge dies (b. 7 Jan 1755).English merchant and astronomer, who compiled of a star catalog known by his name. A Catalog of Circumpolar Stars, Reduced to January 1, 1810 was published posthumously in 1838, edited by G. Biddell Airy.
• 1833 - Charles Victor Thirion, French artist who died on 27 April 1878.
• 1842 - Anesthesia is used for the first time in an operation (Dr. Crawford Long performed the operation and ether was used).
• 1842 - Marie Louise Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun, dies (b. 16 Apr 1755). French Neoclassical painter specialized in Portraits. Starting in 1835, she wrote Souvenirs, her autobiography.
• 1844 - Los dominicanos derrotan en Santiago de los Caballeros a los haitianos.
• 1844 - Paul Verlaine, was born (d. 1896). French lyric poet.
• 1845 - España firma un tratado con Venezuela, por el que reconoce la independencia y soberanía de este país.
• 1852 - James Theodore Bent was born (d. 5 May 1897).British explorer and archaeologist who excavated the magnificent Iron Age ruined city named the Great Zimbabwe, an ancient site in SE Africa that inspired the name of the country Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia).
• 1853 - Vincent van Gogh, Dutch Post-Impressionist painter who died on 29 July 1890.
• 1855 - Origins of the American Civil War: Bleeding Kansas - "Border Ruffians" from Missouri invade Kansas and force election of a pro-slavery legislature.
• 1855 - Violence disrupts first Kansas election .
• 1856 - The Treaty of Paris (1856) is signed, ending the Crimean War.
• 1857 - Leon Charles Thevenin, was born(d. 1926). French telegraph engineer.
• 1858 - Hyman Lipman patents a pencil with an attached eraser.
• 1863 - Auguste Bravais dies (b.23 Aug 1811).French physicist and mineralogist, best remembered for his work on the lattice theory of crystals.
• 1863 - Mary Whiton Calkins was born (d. 26 Feb 1930). As an educator and psychologist, she was the first American woman to attain distinction in these fields of study. Calkins studied psychology at Harvard as a "guest," since women could not officially register.
• 1863 - Prince Wilhelm Georg of Sleeswÿk-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg is chosen as King George I of Greece.
• 1866 - Peter Philippi, German artist who died in 1958.
• 1867 - Alaska is purchased for $7.2 million, about 2 cent/acre ($4.19/km²), by United States Secretary of State William H. Seward. The news media call this Seward's Folly.
• 1868 - Koloman Moser, Austrian artist who died on 18 October 1918 .
• 1870 - Texas is readmitted to the Union following Reconstruction.
• 1870 - 15th Amendment passes, guarantees right to vote regardless of race.
• 1873 - Benedict Augustin Morel dies (b. 22 Nov 1809).Austrian-born French psychologist who introduced the term dementia praecox to refer to a mental and emotional deterioration beginning at the time of puberty. The disorder was renamed schizophrenia in 1908 by the Swiss psychologist Eugen Bleuler. He is the author of "Traité des dégenerescences physiques, intellectuelles et morales de l'espèce humaine" (1857).
• 1875 - Muere Dalmacio Vélez Sarsfield, estadista argentino, autor del Código Civil.
• 1875 - Jonathan Campbell, was born (d. 1942). Film pioneer.
• 1876 - Antoine-Jérôme Balard dies (b. 30 Sept 1802). French chemist who in 1826 discovered the element bromine, determined its properties, and studied some of its compounds. Later he proved the presence of bromine in sea plants and animals .
• 1879 - Coen de Koning, was born (d.1954). Dutch speed skater.
• 1879 - Thomas Couture, dies (b. 21 Dec 1818). French painter and teacher.
• 1880 - Sean O'Casey, was born (d. 1964). Irish dramatist, playwright (Playboy of the Western World) .
• 1882 - Fallece el escritor Ramón Mesonero Romanos.
• 1885 - Las tropas invasoras guatemaltecas son derrotadas por las salvadoreñas en una batalla librada en los márgenes del río Coco.1900 - El Gobierno argentino decreta la reforma de algunas frases del himno nacional que España podría considerar ofensivas.
• 1886 - Edmund Blampied, English painter who died in 1966.
• 1891 - Arthur William Sidney Herrington was born (d. 6 Sep 1970). American engineer and manufacturer who developed a series of military vehicles, the best known of which was the World War II jeep.
• 1892 - Stefan Banach was born (d. 31 Aug 1945).Polish mathematician who founded modern functional analysis and helped develop the theory of topological vector spaces .
• 1895 - British inventor Birt Acres films Oxford-Cambridge .
• 1895 - Nikolai Bulganin, was born (d.1975). Premier of the Soviet Union.
• 1903 - Countee Cullen, was born. American poet (d. 1946).
• 1911 - Lötschberg tunnel in Switzerland (13,735 meter) completed.
• 1911 - Ellen Swallow Richards dies (b. 3 Dec 1842). Ellen Henrietta Swallow was an American chemist and founder of the home economics movement in the United States.
• 1912 - France establishes a protectorate over Morocco.
• 1912 - Karl May, dies. German author, novelist.
• 1913 - Richard Helms, was born (d. 2002). Director of the Central Intelligence Agency .
• 1913 - Frankie Laine, was born. Singer .
• 1914 - Sonny Boy Williamson, was born. Musician.
• 1914 - John Henry Poynting dies (b. 9 Sep 1852).British physicist who introduced a theorem (1884-85) that assigns a value to the rate of flow of electromagnetic energy known as the Poynting vector, introduced in his paper "On the Transfer of Energy in the Electromagnetic Field"(1884).
• 1916 - El músico Enrique Granados muere a bordo del Sussex, torpedeado por los alemanes.
• 1916 - Pancho Villa killed 172 at the Guerrero garrison in Mexico.
• 1919 - McGeorge Bundy, was born (d. 1996). National Security Advisor .
• 1922 - Os aviadores portugueses Gago Coutinho e Sacadura Cabral iniciaram a sua Travessia Aérea do Atlântico.
• 1926 - Ingvar Kamprad, was bornm. Swedish founder of IKEA .
• 1927 - Se publica en Madrid la "Antología poética en honor de Góngora", recopilada por Gerardo Diego.
• 1929 - Thomas Tuke, dies (b. 12 Jun 1858). British painter .
• 1930 - John Astin, was born. American actor .
• 1930 - Rolf Harris, was born. Australian artist, entertainer .
• 1930 - Peter Marshall, was born. Game-show host .
• 1931 - Aleksey Vasilyevich Sorokin, was born. Russian cosmonaut.
• 1932 - Amelia Earhart is 1st woman to fly solo cross the Atlantic .
• 1937 - Warren Beatty, was born in Richmond VA - USA. Actor and director (actor: Splendor in the Grass, The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone, Bonnie and Clyde, McCabe & Mrs. Miller, The Parallax View, Shampoo, Heaven Can Wait, Reds, Dick Tracy, Bulworth, Town and Country; Academy Award-winning director: Reds [1981]; Heaven Can Wait, Dick Tracy, Bulworth; Irving G. Thalberg Memorial [Academy] Award [2000]).
• 1940 - Sino-Japanese War: Japan declares Nanking to be the capital of a new Chinese puppet government, nominally controlled by Wang Ching-wei.
• 1940 - Astrud Gilberto, was born. Brazilian singer and composer (Girl From Ipanema) .
• 1941 - Wasim Sajjad, was born. Former President of Pakistan .
• 1941 - Graeme Edge was born. Musician (drums: "The Moody Blues" : Nights in White Satin, LP: Kick Off Your Muddy Boots, Long Distance Voyager).
• 1944 - Sir Charles Vernon Boys dies (b.15 Mar 1855). English physicist and inventor of sensitive instruments.
• 1945 - Eric Clapton, was born. Blues guitarist (Yardbirds, Cream, Tears in Heaven) .
• 1945 - 289 anti-fascists murdered by Nazis in Rombergpark Dortmund .
• 1945 - World War II: Soviet Union forces invade Austria and take Vienna.
• 1945 - A cidade polaca de Danzig foi tomada pelas tropas soviéticas .
• 1946 - Academy Award radio, an anthology radio show on CBS, debuts on this day.
• 1946 - Doris Day (I) gets married with George Weidler .
• 1947 - Arthur Machen, dies (b. 1863). Author.
• 1948 - Mahatma Gandhi assassinated in New Delhi .
• 1949 - Friedrich Bergius, dies. German chemist and entrepreneur Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.
• 1949 - Marcia Ball, was born. Blues pianist .
• 1949 - Lene Lovich, was born in Detroit, Michigan, USA . American-born singer, best known for her work in the early New Wave era .
• 1949 - José Natividad González Parás, nasce. Político mexicano.
• 1949 - Friedrich Bergius dies (b. 11 Oct 1884). German chemist, who invented converting coal dust and hydrogen directly into gasoline and lubricating oils without isolating intermediate products, (Stuttgart, 25 June 1921). For his work in developing the chemical high pressure hydrogenation method necessary for this process he shared the 1931 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with Carl Bosch of Germany.
• 1950 - Robbie Coltrane, was born. Actor, comedian.
• 1950 - the invention of the phototransistor was announced. This was a transistor operated by light rather than electric current, invented by Dr. John Northrup Shive of the Bell Telephone Laboratories at Murray Hill, N.J. .
• 1951 - Remington Rand delivers the first UNIVAC I computer to the United States Census Bureau.
• 1953 - Einstein announced his revised unified field theory.
• 1954 - The first subway in Canada finally opens after five years of construction, in Toronto.
• 1954 - Nascimento de Rosi Campos (Rosângela Martins Campos), atriz brasileira, em Bragança Paulista-SP.
• 1954 - Fritz Wolfgang London dies (b. 7 Mar 1900). German-American physicist who, with Walter Heitler, devised the first quantum mechanical treatment of the hydrogen molecule, while working with Schrödinger at the University of Zurich.
• 1955 - 27th Academy Awardst at The RKO Pantages Theater in Los Angeles : "On the Waterfront",(Sam Spiegel, producer) won Oscars for Best Picture, Director (Elia Kazan), Actor (Marlon Brando), Supporting Actress (Eva Marie Saint) and more (art direction, cinematography, film editing, writing). Grace Kelly was voted Best Actress for "The Country Girl" . Best Supporting Actor was Edmond O’Brien for "The Barefoot Contessa" and Best Music/Song Oscars went to Jule Styne (music), Sammy Cahn (lyrics) for "Three Coins in the Fountain" from the flick of the same name.
• 1957 - Paul Reiser, was born. Actor.
• 1960 - Nascimento de Dalva Labres, ( Estrela Dalva). Administradora e Poetisa.
• 1962 - MC Hammer, was born. Rapper .
• 1962 - Jack Paar films his last episode of The Tonight Show.
• 1964 - Tracy Chapman, was born.Grammy Award-winning folk, pop singer-songwriter Singer (Freedom Now, I Got a Fast Car).
• 1964 - The game show Jeopardy! debuts on television.
• 1964 - Nascimento de Vera Zimmermmann (Vera Alice Santos Zimmermann), atriz brasileira, em Santos-SP.
• 1965 - Vietnam War: A car bomb explodes in front of the U.S. Embassy in Saigon, killing 22 and wounding 183 others.
• 1965 - Philip Showalter Hench dies (b. 28 Feb 1896).American physician who was one of the leaders in American rheumatology. He shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1950(with Edward C. Kendall and Tadeus Reichstein of Switzerland) for discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects .
• 1966 - Maxfield Parrish, dies (b. 1870). Artist.
• 1968 - Donna D'Errico, actress (Baywatch) model, playmate (September 1995) .
• 1968 - Céline Dion, was born. Canadian singer .
• 1970 - Secretariat, was born. Triple Crown -winning race horse (d. 1989) .
• 1972 - Vietnam War: The Eastertide Offensive begins after North Vietnamese forces cross into the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) of South Vietnam.
• 1974 - The Ramones play their first ever gig as a trio at CBGB's in New York City.
• 1975 - Vietnam del Sur capitula ante Vietnam del Norte.
• 1976 - España: se emplea el vasco en el Ayuntamiento de San Sebastián, después de 40 años.
• 1976 - Obadele Thompson, was born. Barbadan athlete .
• 1977 - Sergey Ilyushin, dies (b. 1894). Russian aerospace engineer.
• 1979 - José María Velasco Ibarra, dies . Equatorian politic.
• 1979 - Norah Jones, was born. Musician.
• 1980 - Se constituye en la ciudad de Guernica el Parlamento Vasco.
• 1981 - President Ronald Reagan is shot in the chest outside a Washington, D.C. hotel by John Hinckley, Jr., family friend of the Vice President.
• 1981 - President Ronald Reagan is shot in the chest outside a Washington, D.C., hotel by a deranged drifter named John Hinckley Jr.
• 1986 - Una mujer sometida en Londres a fecundación "in vitro", Linda Jacobsen, da a luz quintillizos.
• 1986 - James Cagney, dies at his Stanfordville NY farm (b. 1899);(Public Enemy, Angels With Dirty Faces, Yankee Doodle Dandy ...).
• 1987 - 59th Academy Awards Cerimony took place at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion of the Los Angeles Music Center. Chevy Chase, Goldie Hawn and Paul Hogan ("Crocodile Dundee") hosted. : Best Picture "Platoon" (Arnold Kopelson, producer); Best Director: Oliver Stone for "Platoon"; Best Actor : Paul Newman ( for "The Color of Money"); Best Actress: Marlee Matlin for "Children of a Lesser God"; Best Supporting Actor: Michael Caine for "Hannah and Her Sisters"; Best Supporting Actress: Dianne Wiest for "Hannah and Her Sisters" and Best Music/Song: Giorgio Moroder (music), Tom Whitlock (lyrics) for "Take My Breath Away" from "Top Gun". And HBO (Home Box Office) earned its first Oscar as "Down and Out in America" tied for Best Documentary feature.
• 1987 - Vincent Van Gogh's painting "Sunflowers" is bought for $39.85 million.
• 1992 - Dimite el Gobierno brasileño por denuncias de corrupción del presidente, Fernando Collor.
• 1992 - 64th Academy Awards. Billy Crystal was host. "The Silence of the Lambs" sweeps with Best Picture,"Silence" also won the Best Director Oscar for Jonathan Demme; Anthony Hopkins as Best Actor and Jodie Foster as Best Actress.Jack Palance won Best Supporting Actor for playing Curly in "City Slickers" and the Best Supporting Actress Oscar was claimed by Mercedes Ruehl for "The Fisher King".
• 1992 - Incorporação no Exército das primeiras mulheres.
• 1992 - Manolis Andronicos dies (b. 23 Oct 1919).Greek archaeologist who discovered ancient royal tombs in northern Greece, possibly belonging to the Macedonian King Philip II, the father of Alexander III the Great.
• 1993 - In Sarajevo, two Serb militiamen were sentenced to death for war crimes committed in Bosnia.
• 1993 - Jamaican premier Percival Patterson wins parliamentary election .
• 1994 - Serbs and Croats signed a cease-fire to end their war in Croatia while Bosnian Muslims and Serbs continued to fight each other.
• 1997 - Muere José Rovirosa, cineasta y catedrático mexicano.
• 1997 - Steve Elkington wins Golf's Players Championship .
• 1998 - El tenista chileno Marcelo Ríos se ubica primero en la clasificación de la ATP.
• 1999 - Michel Etcheverry dies (b. 16 Dec 1919). French actor .
• 2002 - Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, dies (b. 1900). Queen Mother of the United Kingdom.
• 2002 - A suicide bomber, Mohammad Salahat (22), struck in Tel Aviv and 32 people were injured. Israeli troops sealed Arafat in his Ramallah compound. A Hamas suicide bomber killed 15 Israelis at the Matza restaurant in Haifa.
• 2003 - Rudolf Walter Leonhardt dies. German journalist.
• 2003 - Valentin Pavlov, dies. Former prime minister of the Soviet Union.
• 2004 - Alistair Cooke dies. Broadcaster.
• 2004 - A boat carrying 107 people sank during the crossing from Somalia to Yemen and only four other people, including two crew members, were rescued.