On this day in History - Jan. 09

• 1324 - Muere Marco Polo, explorador italiano.
• 1522 - Adriano de Utrech es elegido Papa, será el último no italiano hasta Juan Pablo II.
• 1431 - Trial of Joan of Arc began in Rouen, the seat of the English occupation government.
• 1539 - Francisco Pizarro funda la ciudad peruana de Ayacucho, con el nombre de San Juan de la Frontera.
• 1554 - Pope Gregory XV was born, (d. 1623)
• 1574 - Christoph Buel, was born, composer.
• 1589 - Ivan Gundulic, Croatian poet (d. 1638) .
• 1620 - Johann Weichmann, was born composer .
• 1643 - Giovanni Riccioli first reported the phenomenon known as the Ashen Light of Venus .
• 1685 - Tiberius Hemsterhuis, was born, Dutch philologist (d. 1766) .
• 1693 - Un terremoto destruye en Sicilia 60 pueblos y aldeas, lo que causó la muerte de más de 50.000 personas.
• 1695 - John E Loovens,was born lawyer .
• 1699 - Robert J Pothier, was born French lawyer .
• 1728 - Thomas Warton, was born, poet laureate of England (d. 1790).
• 1753 - Luísa Todi, famosa cantora lírica, nasceu neste dia.
• 1757 - Bernard Le Bovier, sieur de Fontenelle, dies (born 11 Feb 1657) (sire of) French scientist and author, whose Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds (1686), was one of the first works to present science for the lay reader.
• 1760 - Afghans defeat Marathas in Battle of Barari Ghat.
• 1768 - Philip Astley stages the first modern circus (London).
• 1788 - Connecticut became the 5th state in the United States.
• 1793 - Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first to fly in a balloon in the United States.
• 1806 - Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson is buried in St. Paul's Cathedral.
• 1799 -Maria Gaetana Agnesi, dies (born 16 May 1718) Italian mathematician and philosopher who was the first woman in the Western world considered to be a mathematician. (" Propositiones Philosophicae" - 1738).
• 1822 - Os membros do Senado da Câmara do Rio de Janeiro pediram a D. Pedro para não deixar o Brasil. O infante D. Pedro, chamado a Portugal pelas Cortes, decidiu ficar no Brasil, dando origem ao «Dia do Fico».
• 1823 -Friedrich von Esmarch was born [d. 1908]; German surgeon who was the first to introduce a first-aid kit and triage on the battlefield. He introduced first aid training for both military and civilian personnel.
• 1839 - The French Academy of Sciences announces the Daguerreotype photography process.
• 1839 - Thomas Henderson measured the first stellar parallax: Alpha Centauri.
• 1843 -William Hedley, dies (born 13 July 1779) English coal-mine manager who was a pioneer in the building and design of steam locomotives successfully using a simple friction adhesion between wheels and rails instead of geared track;
• 1848 -Caroline Lucretia Herschel dies [born 16 Mar 1750] ; German-born British astronomer, sister of Sir William Herschel, who assisted in his astronomical researches making calculations associated with his studies. In her own telescope observations, she found three nebulae (1783) and eight comets (1786-97).
• 1857 - Fort Tejon earthquake, with an estimated magnitude of 7.9 .
• 1859 - Carrie Chapman Catt was born, suffragist .
• 1861-Mississippi became the second state to secede from the Union.
• 1863 - Se inaugura el Metro de Londres, primer ferrocarril subterráneo del mundo, de 7 kilómetros de longitud.
• 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Fort Hindman .
• 1869 -Richard Wilhelm Heinrich Abegg, was born [d.1910]; German physical chemist who, with Boländer proposed a theory of valency (1899) to explain the capacity of an atom to combine with another atom in light of the newly discovered presence of electrons within the atom.
• 1870 - Joseph B Strauss, civil engineer, was born [d. 1938]; builder of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco.
• 1870 - Amadeus William Grabau, was born [d. 1946]; American geologist and paleontologist, known for his work on world stratigraphic deposits and the deciphering of Earth history.
• 1872 - Brasil y Paraguay firman la paz.
• 1873 - Muere Napoleón III, emperador de Francia.
• 1878- John Broadus Watson was born [d. 1958]; American psychologist whose ideas initiated behaviorism as a branch of psychology. Inspired by the recent work of Ivan Pavlov, he studied the biology, physiology, and behavior of animals.
• 1878 - Humbert I becomes King of Italy.
• 1882 - Oscar Wilde gives his first lecture on "The English Renaissance of Art" in New York.
• 1886 - Edwin Ray Guthrie was born [d. 1959]; American psychologist whose work dealt with the psychology of learning and the role association plays. ( Law of Contiguity) .
• 1890- Karel Capek was born author .
• 1894 - New England Telephone and Telegraph installs the first battery-operated telephone switchboard in Lexington, Massachusetts.
• 1895 - Aaron Lufkin Dennison dies (born 6 Mar 1812); American watchmaker who is known as "the father of American watchmaking." He was the first person to apply the interchangeable system to the manufacture of watches (1850).
• 1900 -First railway train runs on the Cairo to Khartoum line through the Sudan.
• 1900- Joseph Frederick Wagner, was born. composer.
• 1903 - Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Baron Tennyson, son of the famous poet Alfred Tennyson, became the second Governor-General of Australia .
• 1905 - According to the Julian Calendar which was used at the time, Russian workers stage a march on the Winter Palace that ends in the massacre by Czarist troops known as Bloody Sunday, setting off the Russian Revolution of 1905.
• 1908 - Simone de Beauvoir was born, [d. 1986] French author ("Le Deuxième Sexe").
• 1912 - Marines invade Honduras.
• 1913 - Richard Nixon was born in Yorba Linda, California [d. 1994]; 37th United States President.
• 1916 - The Ottoman Empire prevailed in the Battle of Çanakkale, as the last British troops evacuated.
• 1917 - Battle of Rafa .
• 1922 -Har Gobind Khorana was born; Indian-born American biochemist who (with Marshall W. Nirenberg and Robert W. Holley) shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1968 "for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis.
• 1922 - Ahmed Sékou Touré, was born, President of Guinea (d. 1984) .
• 1923 - Juan de la Cierva makes first autogiro flight.
• 1928 - Domenico Modugno, was born, Italian, singer, songwriter (d. 1994) .
• 1928 - Sandino proclama en Nicaragua la república de Nueva Segovia, a cuya capital llamaría Ciudad Sandino.
• 1929 - The Seeing Eye is established with the mission to train dogs to assist the blind (Nashville, Tennessee).
• 1937 - The first issue of Look magazine goes on sale in the United States.
• 1937 -Racially mixed marriages are banned by Italy in its North African colonies.
• 1939 - A Líbia é incorporada ao território da Itália.
• 1944 - Jimmy Page, was born, English rock musician, guitarist (Led Zeppelin) .
• 1945 - The United States invades Luzon in the Philippines.
• 1949 -Five RAF reconnaissance planes are shot down by Israeli fighters over Egypt.
• 1951 - United Nations headquarters officially opens in New York City.
• 1958 - Willis Rodney Whitney dies [b. 1868]; American chemist and research director who founded the General Electric Company's research laboratory and directed pioneering work there .
• 1959 - Nace Rigoberta Menchú, guatemalteca defensora de los derechos humanos. Premio Nobel de la Paz 1992.
• 1960 - Construction of the Aswan Dam begins in Egypt.
• 1964 - Several Panamanian youths put up the Panamanian flag, and are fired on from the Canal Zone, setting off four days of anti-imperialist insurrection around the country.
• 1964-Anti-American rioting broke out in the Panama Canal Zone.
• 1968-Surveyor 7, the last of America's unmanned lunar probes, landed on the Moon.
• 1969 - El Concorde hace su primer vuelo de prueba.
• 1972 - RMS Queen Elizabeth is destroyed by fire (Hong Kong harbor).
• 1976 -Rupert Wildt dies [b. 1905]; German-American astronomer who studied atmospheres of planets. He identified (1932) certain absorption bands (observed by Slipher) in the spectra of Jupiter and the outer planets as indicative of ammonia and methane as minor components of these planets which are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium.
• 1979 -Pier Luigi Nervi dies [b. 1891]; Italian engineer and architect who gained international recognition for his dramatic designs for large-span structures made possible with the use of reinforced concrete.
• 1980 - Na Arábia Saudita, 63 muçulmanos fanáticos são decapitados por terem sitiado a Grande Mesquita de Meca em novembro de 1979.
• 1986 - After losing a patent battle with Polaroid, Kodak leaves the instant camera business.
• 1988 - Científicos del Instituto Whitehead, de Boston, logran aislar el gen (TDF) responsable del sexo humano y localizado en el cromosoma "Y", que está presente sólo en los hombres.
• 1989 - The Sega Genesis is released in New York, New York and Los Angeles, California.
• 1991 - The Soviets storm Vilnius to stop Lithuanian independence.
• 1992 - Serbia se declara como República independiente de Bosnia-Herzegovina.
• 1995 - Valeri Poliakov completes 366 days in space while aboard the Mir space station, breaking a duration record.
• 1996 - Sun Microsystems announced the formation of JavaSoft.
• 1997- A Comair Embraer 120 crashes during approach into Detroit Metro. Airport killing 29.
• 1998 -Fukui Kenichi died (b. 1918); Japanese chemist who shared the 1981 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with Roald Hoffmann for investigation of the mechanisms of chemical reactions. In 1952, at Kyoto University, Fukui introduced his "frontier orbital theory of reactions.
• 1998 - two teams of international collaborations of scientists announced the discovery that galaxies are accelerating, flying apart at ever faster speeds, by observing distant, ancient exploding stars .
• 2000 - O presidente do Uzbequistão, Islam Karimov, é reeleito com 91,9% dos votos.
• 2002 - The United States Department of Justice announces it is going to pursue a criminal investigation of Enron.
• 2003 -Peter Tinnswood died at age 66 . British TV comedy writer Peter Tinniswood wrote for numerous British TV series during his 40-year career.
• 2005 - Elections scheduled to replace Yasser Arafat.