Porto celeste - Afonso Celso

Andei em longas excursões distantes:
Vi palácios, sacrários, monumentos,
Fócos da indústria, artísticos portentos...
Praças soberbas, capitais gigantes.

Mas lia, em toda a parte, nos semblantes,
Dores... lutas... idênticos tormentos...
— Onde a pátria dos risos?!... Desalentos
Colhi apenas, mais cruéis que dantes.

Achei, enfim, num pequenino porto,
Crenças, consolações, calma, conforto,
Tudo que anima, enleva e maravilha:

Ninho de encantos que a inocência habita
Promontório do céu, plaga bendita.
É junto ao berço teu, ó minha filha.

Afonso Celso de Assis Figueiredo Jr. (n. em Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, a 31 Mar 1860, m. Rio de Janeiro a 11 Jul 1938)

On this day in History - Mar. 31

• 0250 - Constantius Chlorus was born (d. 0306). Roman Emperor.
• 0307 - After divorcing his wife Minerva, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Maximian.
• 1074 - Eleanor of Aquitaine dies (b. 1121). Queen of France and England.
• 1084 - Anti-pope Clement III crowned German emperor Henry IV.
• 1128 - Num diploma desta data, o nome de D. Afonso Henriques aparece à frente de Fernão Peres de Trava, pela primeira vez, demonstrando a tentativa de pacificação entre D. Teresa, Fernão Peres de Trava e a nobreza portucalense revoltada.
• 1146 - Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at Vézelay, urging the necessity of a Second Crusade. Louis VII is present, and joins the Crusade.
• 1204 - Eleanor of Aquitaine dies (b. 1121). Queen of France and England.
• 1340 - Ivan I of Russia dies (b. 1288). Prince of Moscow.
• 1360 - Philippa of Lancaster was born (d. 1415). Queen of Portugal.
• 1371 - É assinado o Tratado de Alcoutim entre D. Fernando e Henrique II de Castela, pelo qual se põe fim à guerra começada em 1369. D. Fernando abdicava das suas pretensões à coroa de Castela, obtendo em troca um alargamento do território de Portugal e o acordo para o seu casamento com a Infanta Dona Leonor, filha mais velha do rei de Castela.
• 1425 - Bianca Maria Visconti was born (d. 1468). Duchess of Milan.
• 1492 - Queen Isabella of Castille orders her 150,000 Jewish subjects to convert to Christianity or face expulsion.
• 1499 - Pope Pius IV was born (d. 1565).
• 1504 - Guru Angad Dev was born (d. 1552). Second Guru of the Sikhs.
• 1519 - King Henry II of France was born (d. 1559).
• 1521 - The first Roman Catholic mass in the Philippines was celebrated on the island of Limasawa.
• 1536 - Ashikaga Yoshiteru was born (d. 1565). Ashikaga shogun.
• 1547 - Francis I of France dies (b. 1494).
• 1567 - Philipp I of Hesse dies (b. 1504).
• 1576 - Louise Juliana of Nassau was born (d. 1644). Regent of Bohemia
• 1596 - René Descartes was born in La Haye (d. 11 Feb 1650). French mathematician and philosopher. ("I think, therefore I am")
• 1621 - Philip III of Spain (Philip II of Portugal) dies (b. 1578)./ Morte de Filipe II de Portugal, (Filipe III de Catela) nascido em 1578, sucedendo-lhe Filipe III com 16 anos.
• 1621 - Andrew Marvell was born (d. 1678). English poet.
• 1631 - John Donne dies (b. 1572). English writer and prelate.
• 1651 - Karl II, Elector Palatine was born (d. 1685).
• 1667 - Assinatura do tratado de aliança entre D. Afonso VI e Luís XIV (França), contra Carlos II de Espanha.
• 1671 - Anne Hyde dies (b. 1637). Queen of James II of England.
• 1675 - Pope Benedict XIV was born (d. 1758).
• 1693 - John Harrisson was born (d. 1776). English horologist and inventer /Nasceu o inventor inglês John Harrison, responsável pelo cronómetro .
• 1703 - Portugal, Inglaterra e Holanda assinaram um tratado de aliança ofensiva e defensiva.
• 1703 - Johann Christoph Bach dies (b. 1642). German composer.
• 1711 - Ireland's last trial for witchcraft was at Magee Island.
• 1717 - A sermon on "The Nature of the Kingdom of Christ" by Benjamin Hoadly, the Bishop of Bangor, provoked the Bangorian Controversy.
• 1718 - Marianne Victoria of Borbón was born (d. 1781). Queen regent of Portugal.
• 1723 - King Frederick V of Denmark was born (d. 1766).
• 1723 - Edward Hyde, 3rd Earl of Clarendon dies (b. 1661). British Governor of New York and New Jersey
• 1727 - Sir Isaac Newton dies (b. 1643). English mathematician and physicist.
• 1730 - Étienne Bézout was born (d. 1783). French mathematician.
• 1732 - Joseph Haydn was born in Rohrau (d. 31 May 1809 in Vienna). Austrian composer.
• 1741 - Pieter Burmann the Elder dies (b. 1668). Dutch classical scholar
• 1742 - P. D. Q. Bach was born (d. 1807). Fictitious composer.
• 1745 - Jews were expelled from Prague.
• 1774 - American Revolutionary War: The Kingdom of Great Britain orders the port of Boston, Massachusetts closed in the Boston Port Act.
• 1777 - Charles Cagniard de la Tour was born (d. 1859). French physicist.
• 1778 - Coenraad Jacob Temminck was born (d. 1858). Dutch zoologist.
• 1783 - Nikita Ivanovich Panin dies (b. 1718). Russian statesman.
• 1791 - Mozart aceita a encomenda anónima de um Requiem, enquanto última a composição da Flauta Mágica.
• 1794 - Thomas McKean Thompson McKennan was born (d. 1852). American politician.
• 1806 - Benito Juarez was born (d. 1872). Mexican statesman.
• 1809 - Edward FitzGerald was born (d. 1883). English poet.
• 1809 - Nikolai Gogol was born (d. 1852). Russian writer.
• 1811 - Robert Wilhelm Bunsen was born (d. 1899). German chemist, inventor: Bunsen burner.
• 1819 - Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst was born (d. 1901). Chancellor of Germany
• 1821 - É extinta a Inquisição em Portugal, por uma sessão das Cortes Gerais, Extraordinárias e Constituintes da Nação Portuguesa. Tinha sido instituída por meio da bula "Cum ad nihit magis", de 23 de Maio de 1536.
• 1822 - The population of the Greek island of Chios is massacred by the Turks following a rebellion attempt, depicted by the French artist Eugène Delacroix.
• 1829 - Pius VIII was elected pope.
• 1837 - John Constable dies (b. 1776). English painter.
• 1839 - Las fuerzas gubernamentales del general y político argentino Juan Manuel de Rosas masacran a los sublevados del barón de Astrada, quien perece en la lucha.
• 1847 - Yegor Ivanovich Zolotarev was born (d. 1878). Russian mathematician.
• 1850 - John C. Calhoun dies (b. 182). 7th Vice President of the United States
• 1854 - Commodore Matthew Perry signs the Treaty of Kanagawa with the Japanese government, opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade.
• 1855 - Alfred E. Hunt was born (d. 1899). American metallurgist and industrialist best known for founding the company that would eventually become, the world's largest producer and distributor of aluminum.
• 1855 - Charlotte Brontë dies (b. 1816). English author.
• 1860 - Afonso Celso was born in Ouro Preto (MG) (d. 11 Jul 1938). Brazilian poet and politician.
• 1864 - Manuel Murillo Toro is elected President of Colombia.
• 1866 - Spanish Navy bombs the harbour of Valparaíso, Chile .
• 1870 - Thomas Peterson Mundy of New Jersey becomes the first black man to cast a ballot after the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution gives blacks the right to vote.
• 1871 - Arthur Griffith was born (d. 1922). President of Ireland.
• 1872 - Alexandra Kollontai was born (d. 1952). Russian ambassador to Norway.
• 1872 - Serge Diaghilev was born (d. 1929). Russian ballet impresario (Ballets Russes)
• 1876 - Borisav "Bora" Stanković was born (d. 1927). Serbian writer.
• 1877 - The family with samurai antecedents who responded to the Saigo army in Ōita Nakatsu rebels.
• 1877 - Antoine Augustin Cournot dies (b. 1801). French mathematician.
• 1878 - La Asamblea Nacional de Ecuador promulga una Nueva Constitución bajo la presidencia de Ignacio Veintimilla.
• 1878 - Jack Johnson was born (d. 1946). African-American boxer.
• 1879 - Se establece por decreto en Venezuela el bolívar como moneda nacional.
• 1880 - Henryk Wieniawski dies (b. 1835). Polish composer .
• 1881 - Sigmund Freud received his MD degree from the University of Vienna. During his career as a medical student, Freud discovered that cocaine could be used as an analgesic.
• 1884 - Adriaan van Maanen was born (d. 1946). Dutch-American astronomer.
• 1885 - The United Kingdom establishes a protectorate over Bechuanaland.
• 1885 - Pascin was born (d. 1930). Bulgarian painter, The "Prince of Montparnasse".
• 1885 - Franz Wilhelm Abt dies (b. 1819). German composer.
• 1889 - The Eiffel Tower built for the Paris World's Fair is opened to public.
• 1890 - William Lawrence Bragg was born (d. 1971). English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 1891 - Victor Varconi was born (d. 19876). Hungarian film actor.
• 1893 - Clemens Krauss was born (d. 1954). Austrian conductor.
• 1900 - Richard Alexander Walter Windsor was born. Duke of Gloucester.
• 1903 - Richard Pearse reportedly flies a heavier-than-air machine in powered flight near Pleasant Point, South Canterbury, New Zealand; some claim 1902
• 1906 - The Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (later National Collegiate Athletic Association) is established to set rules for amateur sports in the United States.
• 1906 - Sin-Itiro Tomonaga ws born (d. 1979). Japanese physicist, Nobel laureate.
• 1907 - Eddie Quillan was born (d. 1990). American actor.
• 1908 - Red Norvo was born (d. 1999). American jazz vibraphonist.
• 1908 – Eugénio Salvador was born (d. 1992). Portuguese actor / Nascimento, em Lisboa, do grande actor português, Eugénio Salvador (m. 1992). [Aqui D'El Rei! (1992) (TV) . A Maluquinha de Arroios (1970) Bonança & C.a (1969) Passagem de Nível (1965) Aqui Há Fantasmas (1964) Parque das Ilusões, O (1963) Pupilas do Senhor Reitor, As (1961) Vidas Sem Rumo (1956) Comissário de Polícia, O (1953) Duas Causas (1953) Três da Vida Airada, Os (1952) Um Marido Solteiro (1952); Eram Duzentos Irmãos (1952); Madragoa (1952); Sonhar É Fácil (1951); Sol e Toiros (1949) ; Fado, História d'uma Cantadeira (1948); Cais do Sodré (1946) ;Maria Papoila (1937/I) Lisboa (1930)].
• 1909 - Serbia accepts Austrian control over Bosnia-Herzegovina.
• 1911 - Elisabeth Grümmer was born (d. 1986). Alsatian soprano.
• 1912 - Hermann Höcherl was born (d. 1989). German politician.
• 1912 - Karl May dies (b. 1842). Author.
• 1913 - John Pierpont Morgan dies (b. 1837). American financier and banker.
• 1914 - Octavio Paz was born (d. 1998). Mexican writer Nobel laureate and diplomat.
• 1915 - Albert Hourani was born (d. 1993). English historian.
• 1915 - Shoichi Yokoi was born (d. 1997). Japanese military man.
• 1915 - Wyndham Halswelle dies (b. 1882). British runner.
• 1915 - Sixto (Doroteo) Palavecino was born in Barrancas, Salavina. Argentine musician.
• 1916 - John H. Wood, Jr. was born (d. 1979). American federal judge.
• 1916 - Lucille Bliss was born. American voice actress.
• 1917 - Emil Adolf von Behring dies (b. 1854). German physician, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1901.
• 1917 - The United States takes possession of the U.S. Virgin Islands after paying $25 million to Denmark.
• 1918 - Daylight Savings Time goes into effect in the United States for the first time.
• 1919 - Frank Akins was born (d. 1993). American football player.
• 1922 - Richard Kiley was born (d. 1999). American actor and singer.
• 1924 - Leo Buscaglia was born (d. 1998). American author.
• 1924 - Charles Guggenheim was born (d. 2002). American film director/producer.
• 1925 - Jean Coutu was born (d. 1999). French Canadian actor.
• 1926 - John Fowles was born (d. 2005). English author.
• 1927 - Borisav "Bora" Stanković dies (b. 1875). Serbian writer.
• 1927 - César Chávez was born (d. 1993). American labor activist.
• 1927 - William Daniels was born. American actor.
• 1928 - Gordie Howe was born. Canadian ice hockey player.
• 1928 - Lefty Frizzell was born (d. 1975). American singer and songwriter.
• 1929 - Bertram Fields was born. American lawyer.
• 1929 - Lucille Bliss was born. American voice actress.
• 1929 - Liz Claiborne was born. Belgian fashion designer.
• 1930 - The Motion Pictures Production Code is instituted, imposing strict guidelines on the treatment of sex, crime, religion and violence in motion pictures for the next forty years .
• 1931 - An earthquake destroys Managua Nicaragua, killing 2,000.
• 1931 - Miller Barber was born. American golfer
• 1931 - Knute Rockne dies (b. 1888). American football coach.
• 1932 - Nagisa Oshima was born in Kyoto, Japan. Director, Writer, Editor, Actor, Director [ (TV) Kyoto, My Mother's Place (1991); Max mon amour (1986); Merry Christmas Mr. Lawrence (1983) ; Ai no borei (1978) aka Empire of Passion (USA); Ai no corrida (1976) aka Bullfight of Love (Japan: literal English title).. aka Empire of the Senses; The Battle of Tsushima (1975) ; Natsu no imoto (1972)... aka Dear Summer Sister; Shonen (1969)... aka Boy (USA);Nihon shunka-kô (1967)... aka A Treatise on Japanese Bawdy Songs; Ai to kibo no machi (1959)... aka A Street of Love and Hope (literal English title) and many others.].
• 1933 - The Civilian Conservation Corps is established with the mission to relieve rampant unemployment.
• 1933 - El presidente de Uruguay, Gabriel Terra, da un golpe de Estado y disuelve el Parlamento.
• 1933 - Nichita Stănescu was born (d. 1983). Romanian poet.
• 1934 - Richard Chamberlain was born. American actor (Dr. Kildare)
• 1934 - John D. Loudermilk was born. American singer and songwriter
• 1934 - Shirley Jones was born. American singer and actress .
• 1934 - Carlo Rubbia was born. Italian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 1935 - Judith Rossner was born. American author.
• 1935 - Herb Alpert was born. American trumpeter an band leader.
• 1935 – Ruth Escobar was born. Brazilian actress, journalist and politician.
• 1936 - Bob Pulford was born. Canadian hockey player
• 1936 - Marge Piercy was born. American writer
• 1936 - Dokumamushi Sandayu was born. Japanese actor
• 1938 - Sheila Dikshit was born. Chief Minister of Delhi.
• 1938 - David Steel was born. Scottish politician.
• 1938 - Michiko Nomura was born. Japanese voice actor
• 1938 - Bill Hicke was born (d. 2005). Canadian ice hockey player.
• 1939 - Zviad Gamsakhurdia was born (d. 1993). Scientist and writer, first President of the Republic of Georgia.
• 1939 - Volker Schlöndorff was born. German film director .
• 1940 - Patrick Leahy was born. United States Senator from Vermont.
• 1940 - Barney Frank was born. U.S. Representative from Massachusetts
• 1941 - Cox v. New Hampshire : The Supreme Court unanimously upheld the convictions of Jehovah's Witnesses for engaging in a public parade without a license.
• 1942 - In World War II, Japanese forces invade Christmas Island, then a British possession.
• 1942 - Holocaust in Ivano-Frankivsk (then called Stanislawow), western Ukraine. German Gestapo organise the first deportation of 5.000 Jews from Stanislawow ghetto to Belzec death camp. It was one of the biggest transports to Belzec in the first phase of the camp.
• 1942 - Michael Savage was born. American talk radio host and commentator
• 1942 - Ulla Hoffmann was born. Swedish politician.
• 1943 - Christopher Walken was born. American actor.
• 1944 - Japanese Navy Marshal Mineichi Koga dies in the performance of job in the Navy Second Incident.
• 1944 - Mick Ralphs was born. English guitarist (Mott the Hoople, Bad Company)
• 1944 - Pascal Danel was born. French singer and songwriter
• 1945 - Valerie Curtin was born. American actress, writer, and producer.
• 1945 - Gabe Kaplan was born. American actor and comedian.
• 1945 - Anne Frank dies (b. 1929). German-born diarist whose world-famous diary was published after WW II.
• 1945 - Hans Fischer dies in Munich (b. 27 Jul 1881). German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate in 1930.
• 1946 - The first election is held in Greece after World War II.
• 1946 - Gonzalo Márquez was born (d. 1984). Venezuelan Major League Baseball player.
• 1947 - Cesar Gaviria Trujillo was born. President of Colombia.
• 1947 - En Paraguay, las fuerzas rebeldes contra el Gobierno de Higinio Moriñigo son derrotadas en Piripuco.
• 1948 - Al Gore was born. Vice President of the United States and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
• 1948 - Rhea Perlman was born. American actress
• 1949 - Bethel Enproe Adam was born. Second Angam Baby .
• 1949 - The Dominion of Newfoundland joins Confederation and becomes the 10th Province of Canada/ Terranova ingresa en la Federación Canadiense, y se constituye en la décima provincia de Canadá.
• 1950 - Ed Marinaro was born. American football player and actor.
• 1950 - Andras Adorjan was born. Hungarian chess player,
• 1951 - The first commercial US made computer, UNIVAC I, was delivered to the United States Census Bureau.
• 1952 - Vanessa Del Rio was born. American porn actress.
• 1952 - Wallace H. White, Jr. dies (b. 1877). U.S. Senator from Maine.
• 1953 - Foram descobertos os "Manuscritos do Mar Morto" .
• 1954 - Edwin Armstrong dies (b. 1890). American electrical engineer and inventor.
• 1955 - Angus Young was born. Scottish-born musician (AC/DC).
• 1955 - Robert Vance was born. New Zealand cricketer.
• 1956 - Ralph DePalma dies (b. 1884). Italian-born race car driver.
• 1957 - Elections to the Territorial Assembly of the French colony Upper Volta. After the elections PDU and MDV form a government.
• 1957 - Marc McClure was born. American actor.
• 1957 - Alan Duncan was born. British politician
• 1959 - The 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, crosses the border into India and is granted political asylum.
• 1959 - Ali McMordie was born. Irish bassist (Stiff Little Fingers).
• 1963 - Paul Mercurio was born. Australian actor/dancer.
• 1964 - Golpe militar de 1964 no Brasil derruba o presidente João Goulart .
• 1964 - The Dictatorship in Brazil, under the aegis of general Castello Branco, begins.
• 1964 - Paul Wong Koon-Chung was born. Hong Kong musician (Beyond)
• 1965 - Iberia Airlines Convair 440, crashed into the sea on approach to Tangier killing 47 of 51 occupants.
• 1965 - Tom Barrasso was born. American ice hockey player.
• 1965 - Steven T. Seagle was born. American comic-book writer.
• 1966 - The Soviet Union launches Luna 10 which later becomes the first spaceprobe to enter orbit around the Moon.
• 1966 - Roger Black was born. British athlete.
• 1967 - Jimi Hendrix burns his guitar for the first time at London's Astoria Theatre. He is sent to the hospital afterwards for burns on his hands.
• 1968 - President Lyndon Johnson announces he will not run for re-election.
• 1968 - Naoya Ogawa was born. Japanese professional wrestler.
• 1968 - Grover Lowdermilk dies (b. 1885). American baseball player.
• 1969 - Steve Smith was born. American basketball player.
• 1969 - Nyamko Sabuni was born. Swedish politician.
• 1969 - Samantha Brown was born. American television host.
• 1970 - Explorer 1 re-enters the Earth's atmosphere (after 12 years in orbit).
• 1970 - Eight terrorists from the Japanese Red Army hijacked a Japan Airlines Boeing 727 at Tokyo International Airport, wielding samurai swords and carrying a bomb.
• 1971 - Ewan McGregor was born. Scottish actor .
• 1971 - Pavel Bure was born. Russian ice hockey player.
• 1972 - Alejandro Amenábar was born in Santiago. Chilean actor, writer and film director.
• 1972 - Hristos Polihroniou was born. Greek hammer thrower
• 1972 - Meena Kumari, dies (b. 1932). Indian actress.
• 1973 - Bold Forbes was born (d. 2000). Puerto Rican racehorse.
• 1974 - Stefan Olsdal was born. Bassist for Placebo (band)
• 1974 - Benjamin Eicher was born. Swiss film director
• 1976 - The New Jersey Supreme Court sets a precedent, ruling that coma patient Karen Anne Quinlan can be taken off life support so she can "die with dignity."
• 1976 - Ashton Moore was born. American porn actress.
• 1976 - Josh Saviano was born. American actor (The Wonder Years).
• 1976 - Paul Strand dies (b. 1890). American photographer.
• 1977 - Garth Tander was born. Australian racing driver
• 1977 - Toshiya was born. Japanese musician (Dir en grey).
• 1978 - Tony Yayo was born. American rapper.
• 1978 - Stephen Clemence was born. English footballer.
• 1978 - Jérôme Rothen was born. French footballer
• 1978 - Fernando Horácio Ávalos was born. Argentinian footballer (Nacional Madeira, Portugal)
• 1978 - Charles Best dies (b. 1899). Canadian medical scientist.
• 1979 - The last British soldier leaves the Maltese Islands. Malta declares its Freedom Day (Jum il-Helsien).
• 1979 - In Jerusalem, Israel, Gali Atari & Milk and Honey win the twenth-fourth Eurovision Song Contest for Israel singing "Hallelujah".
• 1979 - Josh Kinney was born. American baseball player.
• 1980 - The Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific railroad operate final train after ordered to be liquidated due to bankruptcy and debt owed to creditors.
• 1980 - Chien-Ming Wang was born. Taiwanese baseball player.
• 1980 - Maaya Sakamoto was born. Japanese voice actor.
• 1980 - Michael Ryder was born. Canadian ice hockey player
• 1980 - Jesse Owens dies in Phoenix, Arizona (b. 1913). American track-and-field legend.
• 1980 - Vladimír Holan dies (b. 1905). Czech poet.
• 1981 - Maarten van der Weijden was born. Dutch swimmer
• 1981 - Enid Bagnold dies (b. 1889). British author and playwright.
• 1982 - Lennon Murphy was born. American rock singer/songwriter and Suicide Girl
• 1982 - Tal Ben Haim was born. Israeli footballer.
• 1982 - Philippe Mexès was born. French footballer.
• 1983 - Paddy McCarthy was born. Irish footballer.
• 1983 - Vlasios Maras was born. Greek gymnast
• 1984 - El presidente de Honduras, Roberto Suazo Córdova, asume el mando temporal de las Fuerzas Armadas.
• 1984 - James Jones was born. American football player.
• 1984 - Ronald Clark O'Bryan dies executed (b. 1944). American murderer.
• 1985 - The first ever WrestleMania is held in New York City's Madison Square Garden.
• 1985 - Jeanine Deckers dies (b. 1933). Belgian nun and singer.
• 1986 - A Mexicana Boeing 727 enroute to Puerto Vallarta erupts in flames and crashes in the mountains northwest of Mexico City, killing 166 .
• 1986 - Six metropolitan county councils are abolished in England .
• 1986 - Paulo Machado was born in Porto. Portuguese footballer.
• 1986 - O'Kelly Isley, Jr. dies (b. 1937). American singer (The Isley Brothers)
• 1986 - Jerry Paris dies (b. 1925). American actor.
• 1987 - El Papa, Juan Pablo II, llega a Montevideo en su octava visita a Iberoamérica.
• 1987 - Georg Listing was born. German bassist (Tokio Hotel).
• 1988 - Hogan Ephraim was born. English footballer.
• 1988 - William McMahon dies (b. 1908). Twentieth Prime Minister of Australia.
• 1989 - Yaser Arafat es proclamado presidente de Palestina por decisión unánime de los 70 miembros del Comité Central de la OLP.
• 1990 - El político español José María Aznar es elegido presidente del Partido Popular.
• 1990 - 200,000 protestors took to the streets of London to show their displeasure at the newly introduced Poll Tax.
• 1990 - Boxer Julio César Chávez defeats Meldrick Taylor to unify the boxing's world junior welterweight title in a very controversial fight known as "Thunder Meets Lightning".
• 1991 - The Warsaw Pact comes to an end.
• 1991 - British Telecom changes its name into 'BT'.
• 1991 - The Establishment of Islamic Constitutional Movement - Hadas in Kuwait.
• 1991 - Georgian independence referendum, 1991: nearly 99 per cent of the voters support the country's independence from the Soviet Union.
• 1992 - Boris Yeltsin firma en Moscú el Tratado de la Federación con 18 repúblicas rusas.
• 1992 - The television news program Dateline NBC premieres.
• 1992 - A inflação no Brasil atinge um pico recorde de 84,3% no mês. Nos últimos 12 meses a inflação havia chegado a 4.854%
• 1992 - USS Missouri (BB-63), the last active US Navy Battleship, is decommissioned in Long Beach, California.
• 1993 - O Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas aprovam o uso de força militar na Jugoslávia.
• 1993 - Actor Brandon Lee (b. 1965) is accidentally killed during the filming of The Crow.
• 1993 - Mitchell Parish dies (b. 1900). American lyricist.
• 1994 - The journal Nature reports the finding in Ethiopia of the first complete Australopithecus afarensis skull (see Human evolution).
• 1994 - Caden Waidyatilleka was born. American actor
• 1995 - In Corpus Christi, Texas, Latin superstar Selena Quintanilla Perez is shot and killed by Yolanda Saldivar, the president of her own fan club.
• 1995 - Selena dies (b. 1971). American singer.
• 1996 - Valentino Rossi takes part in his first 125cc Motorcycle Grand Prix race, at Shah Alam, Malaysia.
• 1996 - Jeffrey Lee Pierce dies (b. 1958). American singer member of The Gun Club.
• 1998 - Netscape gives the code base of its browser under an open-source license agreement, thus creating Mozilla Foundation, a not-for-profit corporation to oversee the development of Mozilla.
• 1998 - Bella Abzug dies (b. 1920). American politician.
• 1998 - Tim Flock dies (b. 1924). American race car driver.
• 1999 - Yuri Knorosov dies (b. 1922). Russian linguist and epigrapher.
• 2000 - Cuffley v. Mickes : The Ku Klux Klan applied to participate in Missouri's Adopt-A-Highway program, but were denied because of their beliefs. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Klan.
• 2001 - President Gordon B. Hinckley, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, announces the formation of the Perpetual Education Fund, an endowment to offer loans to students in developing nations.
• 2001 - Clifford Shull dies (b. 1915). American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 2002 - 331 Earthquake in Taiwan, which measured 7.1 and killed at least four people.
• 2002 - Barry Took dies (b. 1928). British comedian and writer.
• 2003 - Tommy Seebach dies (b. 1949). Danish singer.
• 2003 - Anne Gwynne dies (b. 1918). American film actress.
• 2003 - H.S.M. Coxeter dies (b. 1907). English-born geometer and author.
• 2003 - Michael Jeter dies. Actor.
• 2003 - Tommy Seebach dies (b. 1949). Danish singer.
• 2004 - Google announces Gmail, the first web-based mail service to offer 1 gigabyte of storage.
• 2004 - In Fallujah, Iraq, 4 American private military contractors working for Blackwater USA, are killed and their bodies mutilated after being ambushed.
• 2004 - Sandton Square in Johannesburg, South Africa, is renamed Nelson Mandela Square.
• 2005 - After 13 days without her feeding tube, Terri Schiavo dies in Florida. Terri Schiavo fell into a coma brought on buy her bulimia and the loss of blood flow to her brain caused it to die - her cerebral cortex was gone and spinal fluid was all that remains. Terri Schiavo's husband, Michael, wanted the feeding tube removed and said that was what she would have wanted. All courts agreed, but Terri Schiavo's parents fought it - and lost
• 2005 - Stanley J. Korsmeyer dies (b. 1951). American oncologist.
• 2005 - Frank Perdue dies (b. 1920). American poultry farmer.
• 2005 - Terri Schiavo dies (b. 1963). American figure in right to die case.
• 2006 - Giordani Rodrigues dies (b. 1965). Brazilian journalist.
• 2006 - Jackie McLean dies (b. 1931 or 1932). American jazz saxophonist.
• 2006 - Angela Devi dies (b. 1975). American adult model.
• 2007 - In Sydney, Australia 2.2 million people take part in the first Earth Hour.
• 2007 - Paul Watzlawick dies (b. 1921). Communications & Constructivism Theorist.
• Brasil: Dia da Integração Nacional
• Freedom Day in Malta
• New Jersey - Thomas Mundy Peterson Day
• Abdas of Susa
• César Chávez Day - official holiday in five states and many cities across the U.S.

Liga Bwin - 24ª Jornada: resultados, classificação e comentários

Resultados da 24ª. Jornada
28 Mar. 20:30	Vitória de Guimarães	1-0	Marítimo
29 Mar. 19:15	Estrela da Amadora	3-1	Académica
30 Mar. 16:00	Nacional	2-0	União de Leiria
30 Mar. 17:00	Braga	0-0	Leixões
30 Mar. 19:00	Belenenses	1-2	FC Porto
30 Mar. 19:15	Naval 1º. de Maio	1-4	Sporting
30 Mar. 21:15	Benfica	4-1	Paços de Ferreira
31 Mar. 19:45	Vitória de Setúbal	-	Boavista

Classificação

Lugar	Clube	Pontos	Golos
1.	Porto	60	43-9
2.	Benfica	44	40-16
2.	Vitória de Guimarães	44	27-23
4.	Sporting	40	32-21
5.	Vitória de Setúbal (*)	37	31-22
6.	Braga	34	27-25
7.	Belenenses	33	25-26
8.	Nacional	32	18-19
9.	Marítimo	31	27-25
9.	Boavista (*)	31	29-34
11.	Estrela da Amadora	28	29-29
12.	Naval 1º. de Maio	23	18-39
12.	Académica	23	23-35
14.	Leixões	21	23-29
15.	Paços de Ferreira	19	23-40
16.	União de Leiria	9	18-44

(*) Equipas que têm menos um jogo defrontam-se amanhã em Setúbal para completar a Jornada 24

Comentários: Os quatro primeiros ganharam e dos cinco últimos só o Leixões não perdeu, empatando, pelo que com referência às grandes decisões está tudo na mesma.

O Porto até esteve a perder no Restelo com o Belenenses a fazer uma boa primeira parte e a marcar por Weldon, mas os portistas viraram o resultado na segunda parte, empatando por Lisandro e ganhando quando a quinze segundos do fim do tempo de desconto um penalty assinalado por Lucílio Baptista deu a Lucho o golo da vitória. Na próxima jornada vencendo o Estrela da Amadora já pode comemorar o tri-campeonato.

No primeiro jogo da jornada na sexta-feira o Guimarães reforçou a candidatura à Liga dos Campeões ao derrotar o Marítimo com um golo também quase no final pelo substituto Roberto (a três minutos do fim).

O Sporting tal como o Porto começou por estar a perder (golo de Marcelinho aos 11') mas a equipa da Naval com uma defesa muito permeável, ao intervalo já perdia por 3-1. Miguel Veloso (de livre directo), Liedson (2) e Yanick Djaló fizeram os golos leoninos.

O Nacional venceu hoje à tarde a União de Leiria por 2-0 e beneficiando da derrota do Marítimo e do facto de o Boavista só jogar amanhã, subiu ao 8º. lugar. O Estrela da Amadora derrotou em casa a Académica por 3-1 e tem a permanência praticamente assegurada, isto porque dos cinco últimos só o Leixões capitalizou um pontinho em Braga, sendo o maior coleccionador de empates do campeonato - 13 em 22 jogos!

Há poucos minutos terminou o Benfica-Paços de Ferreira com o Benfica a reapoderar-se do segundo lugar depois de um triunfo mais difícil do que os números espelham (4-1), apesar da equipa ter jogado melhor do que ultimamente vem fazendo. Ao intervalo o resultado era de 1-1 com boa oposição pacense e de mais alguém (vidé crónica do jogo em separado).

Na próxima jornada o Porto como se disse pode-se sagrar campeão e na luta pelo segundo lugar o Benfica vai ao Bessa e o Guimarães vai a Paços de Ferreira num jogo electrizante e de grande importancia para ambos. O Sporting recebe o Braga depois de a meio da semana (4ª. feira) ter de jogar a primeira-mão dos Quartos de Final da Taça Uefa contra o Rangers.

Há ainda o derby regional madeirense.

Próxima Jornada - 25ª.
4 Abr . 20:30	Paços de Ferreira	-	Vitória de Guimarães
5 Abr. 18:45	Académica	-	Vitória de Setúbal
5 Abr. 20:45	FC Porto	-	Estrela da Amadora
6 Abr. 16:00	Marítimo	-	Nacional
6 Abr. 16:00	União de Leiria	-	Naval 1º. de Maio
6 Abr. 18:30	Sporting	-	Sp. de Braga
6 Abr. 20:45	Boavista	-	Benfica
7 Abr. 19:45	Leixões	-	Belenenses

Benfica regressou às vitórias mas para além do Paços houve complicações adicionais...

Benfica

4-1

Paços de Ferreira

Trocas de penalties... complicaram a vida do Benfica

O Benfia regressou ao segundo lugar em igualdade de pontos com o Vitória de Guimarães mas teve de sofrer o que o resultado final não demonstra.

O Benfica até jogou bem na primeira parte e chegou à vantagem com um soberbo golo de Cristian Rodriguez,que tendo ganho a bola à saída do meio campo encarnado, saiu em velocidade e ainda na intermediária de pé esquerdo aí vai bomba com a bola a só parar no fundo da baliza. Estava-se a meio do primeiro tempo e pensava-se que a equipa tranquilizaria. A verdade é que já perto dfo itervalo o jogo sofre um «golpe de teatro». Primeiro há um cruzamento da esquerda de Léo com um jogador pacense (Mangualde) a desviar a bola com o braço e Elmano Santos a não marcar o penalty e no minuto seguinte num ataque do Paços de Ferreira a bola vai a sair da área encarnada com Cristiano a correr à frente de Nélson e o avançado pacense a cair com o árbitro a marcar penalty. A verdade é que a queda é promovida pelo jogador visitante e a confusão foi grande com os protestos encarnados a serem premiados com dois amarelos. Wesley fez o empate e as equipas foram empatadas para o intervalo.

Na segunda parte o Benfica apareceu menos tranquilo e o Paços de Ferreira num contra-ataque até ameaçou o 1-2. Os pacenses, porém, cediam cantos e mais cantos e foram-se aglomerando na defesa e foi até foi o excesso de jogadores na área que deu o 2-1 ao Benfica. Pois é verdade, Léo (que fez um grande jogo) pela esquerda fez o passe para Cardozo e o remate deste foi desviado no corpo de Mangualde e traíu Peçanha.

A partir do 2-1 o Paços de Ferreira já não demonstrou capacidade de reacção tanto mais que o 3-1 só demorou seis minutos a aparecer num livre directo de Rui Costa que na véspera fez 36 anos. Marcou ainda de novo Rui Costa de cabeça, num golo com culpas para Peçanha, após cruzamento da esquerda de Cristian Rodrigues.

Foi um jogo em que três jogadores estiveram em evidencia: Léo ( o melhor em campo), Cristian Rodriguez (um golo e uma assistencia) e Rui Costa (dois golos). Na próxima época podem estar fora da equipa: o último por abandonar o futebol como jogador, os dois primeiros porque tarda a renovação.

Da arbitragem bastariam os dois lances já referidos para dar nota negativa, mas outros erros mais foram cometidos.

Estádio da Luz, em Lisboa
Árbitro: Elmano Santos ((AF Madeira)

BENFICA – Quim; Nélson, Edcarlos, Katsouranis e Léo; Petit; Maxi Pereira (Di Maria, 59 m), Rui Costa e Cristian Rodriguez; Nuno Gomes (Mantorras, 79 m) e Cardozo (Binya, 86 m).

PAÇOS DE FERREIRA – Peçanha; Mangualde, Rovérsio, Kiko e Chico Silva; Filipe Anunciação, Paulo Sousa e Pedrinha; William (Renato Queirós, 81 m), Wesley (Ricardinho, 71 m) e Cristiano (Edson, 61 m).

Golos: 1-0 Cristian Rodriguez (23 m); 1-1 Wesley (42 m, de grande penalidade); 2-1 Cardozo (68 m); 3-1 Rui Costa (74 m); 4-1, Rui Costa (84 m).

Cartão amarelo a Edcarlos, William, Wesley, Rui Costa, Nuno Gomes, Filipe Anunciação e Mangualde.

World of Contrasts

Image credits: KARIM SAHIB/AFP/Getty Images

Two veiled Emirati women and a foreign woman wearing a revealing dress at horse racing's 2008 Dubai World Cup at Nad al-Sheba in Dubai on March 29, 2008. The Dubai World Cup is the richest horse race in the world.

Musical suggestions of the day: Tracy Chapman + Norah Jones

Tracy Chapman born on 30 March 1964 in Cleveland, Ohio, USA

Baby Can I hold you Tonight


Norah Jones was born on 30 March 1979 in Brooklin, New York City, New York, USA


On this day 30th March were also born Eric Clapton (1945), Lene Lovich (1949), Celine Dion (1968) and Yalin (1980) ckick here for listen their music

Jornada - Adelino Fontoura

Fui átomo, vibrando entre as forças do Espaço,
Devorando amplidões, em longa e ansiosa espera...
Partícula, pousei... Encarcerado, eu era
Infusório do mar em montões de sargaço.

Por séculos fui planta em movimento escasso,
Sofri no inverno rude e amei na primavera;
Depois, fui animal, e no instinto da fera
Achei a inteligência e avancei passo a passo...

Guardei por muito tempo a expressão dos gorilas,
Pondo mais fé nas mãos e mais luz nas pupilas,
A lutar e chorar para, então, compreendê-las!...

Agora, homem que sou, pelo Foro Divino,
Vivo de corpo em corpo a forjar o destino
Que me leve a transpor o clarão das estrelas!...


Adelino da Fontoura Chaves (n. em Axixá, Maranhão, Brasil a 30 Mar.1859 – m. em Lisboa, Portugal a 02 Maio 1884)

On this day in History - Mar. 30

• 240 BC - 1st recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
• 1135 - Moses Maimonides was born. Spanish rabbi and philosopher / Nascimento de Moshé (Moisés) Ben Maimón, médico judeu sefardim, conhecido entre os muçulmanos como Abu Imram Musa ben Maimun Ibn Abdalá, e no ocidente por Maimónides, na Aljama de Córdoba-Espanha. Médico e filósofo.
• 1191 - Celestine III was elected pope.
• 1202 - Joachim Van Fiore dies. Italian, founder of Joachimism.
• 1266 - As Vésperas Sicilianas: o povo de Palermo, capital da Sicília, levanta-se contra Carlos de Anjou, após a cerimónia das Vésperas. A revolta terminará com a coroação do rei de Aragão Pedro III, o Grande, chamado para ocupar o trono.
• 1282 - Rebels in Sicily successful overthrew French rule under Charles of Anjou. The rebel leaders wrote to Pope Martin IV for support, but Martin promised to assist Charles in reclaiming control of the island.
• 1282 - The people of Palermo massacred 2,000 French residents in the Sicilian Vespers, a revolt against the Angevin king Charles I.
• 1296 - Edward I sacks Berwick-upon-Tweed, during armed conflict between the two nations.
• 1326 - Ivan II of Russia was born (d. 1359). Grand Duke of Muscovy.
• 1432 - Mehmed II was born (d. 1481). Ottoman sultan who would succeed in capturing Constantinople.
• 1486 - Thomas Bourchier dies. Archbishop of Canterbury
• 1492 - Ferdinand and Isabella sign a decree aimed at expelling all Jews from Spain unless they convert to Roman Catholicism.
• 1526 - Konrad Mutian dies (b. 1471). German humanist.
• 1533 - Henry VIII divorces his 1st wife, Catherine of Aragon
• 1533 - Thomas Cranmer becomes Archbishop of Canterbury.
• 1540 - Matthäus Lang von Wellenburg dies (b. 1469). German statesman and Archbishop of Salzburg.
• 1544 - El padre Bartolomé de las Casas es consagrado en Sevilla obispo de la diócesis mexicana de Chiapas.
• 1559 - Adam Ries dies (b. 1492). German mathematician.
• 1587 - Ralph Sadler dies (b. 1507). English statesman.
• 1615 - Se otorga a Cervantes autorización real para la impresión de la segunda parte de "El Quijote".
• 1620 - El Papa Paulo V crea la Diócesis Episcopal de Buenos Aires.
• 1640 - John Trenchard was born (d. 1695). English politican.
• 1662 - François le Netel de Boisrobert dies (b. 1592). French poet.
• 1672 - Peter I "the Great" was born. Romanov great tsar of Russia (1682-1725).
• 1681 - Peeter Snyers “le Saint”, was born (d. 04 May 1752). Flemish painter/engraver.
• 1707 - Vauban dies (b. 1633). French architect.
• 1719 - Sir John Hawkins was born (d. 21 May 1789). English writer in music, author of the first history of music.
• 1739 - Maria Josepha of Bavaria was born (d. 1757). Holy Roman Empire Empress.
• 1745 - Antonio Ribeiro dos Santos was born in Massarelos, Porto (d. 16 Jan. 1818 in Lisbon). Portuguese poet.
• 1746 - Francisco Goya [Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes] was born in Fuentedetodos, Spain (d. 16 Apr 1828). Painter /etcher (Naked Maja).
• 1750 - John Stafford Smith was born (d. 1836). English composer.
• 1764 - Pietro Locatelli dies (b. 1695). Italian violinist and composer.
• 1778 - Playwright Voltaire crowned with laurel wreath Id-al-Adha (Islam) .
• 1783 - William Hunter dies (b. 23 May 1718). Scotish anatomist, educator, and medical writer whose high standards of teaching and medical practice took obstetrics from the hands of the midwives and established it as an accepted branch of medicine .
• 1791 - After a proposal by the Académie des sciences (Borda, Lagrange, Laplace, Monge and Condorcet), the French National Assembly finally chose that a metre would be a 1/10 000 000 of the distance between the north pole and the equator.
• 1793 - Juan Manuel de Rosas was born. Argentine politician.
• 1798 - Luise Hensel was born (d. 1876). German poet.
• 1804 - Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie dies (b. 1718). Marshal of France.
• 1811 - Robert Wilhelm von Bunsen was born. Chemist and inventor.
• 1811 - El Congreso Constituyente de Colombia, presidido por Jorge Tadeo Lozano, aprueba la Constitución de Cundinamarca.
• 1814 - Napoleonic Wars: Sixth Coalition forces march into Paris, ending a decade of French domination on the Continent.
• 1814 - Neapolitan War: Murat issues the Rimini Declaration which would later inspire Italian Unification.
• 1820 - Anna Sewell was born (d. 1878). British author ( Black Beauty) .
• 1822 - Florida Territory created in the United States.
• 1823 - Se establece en México el sistema republicano de Gobierno.
• 1828 - François-Louis-David Bocion was born in Lausanne (d. 13 Dec 1890). Swiss painter.
• 1830 - José da Natividade Saldanha dies in Bogotá, Colombia (b. in Santo Amaro do Jaboatão (PE) 8 Sep 1795). Brazilian poet.
• 1832 - Stephen Groombridge dies (b. 7 Jan 1755).English merchant and astronomer, who compiled of a star catalog known by his name. A Catalog of Circumpolar Stars, Reduced to January 1, 1810 was published posthumously in 1838, edited by G. Biddell Airy.
• 1833 - Charles Victor Thirion was born (d. 27 Apr 1878). French artist.
• 1840 - Beau Brummell dies destitute and mad, in Caen, France. English celebrity and dandy.
• 1842 - Anesthesia is used for the first time in an operation (Dr. Crawford Long performed the operation and ether was used).
• 1842 - Marie Louise Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun dies (b. 16 Apr 1755). French Neoclassical painter specialized in Portraits. Starting in 1835, she wrote Souvenirs, her autobiography.
• 1844 - One of the most important battles of the Dominican War of Independence from Haiti takes place near the city of Santiago de los Caballeros.
• 1844 - Paul Verlaine was born (d. 1896). French lyric poet (Sagesse Bonbeur)
• 1845 - España firma un tratado con Venezuela, por el que reconoce la independencia y soberanía de este país.
• 1852 - James Theodore Bent was born (d. 5 May 1897). British explorer and archaeologist who excavated the magnificent Iron Age ruined city named the Great Zimbabwe, an ancient site in SE Africa that inspired the name of the country Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia).
• 1853 - Vincent van Gogh was born (d. 29 Jul 1890). Dutch Post-Impressionist painter (Irises)
• 1855 - Origins of the American Civil War: Bleeding Kansas - "Border Ruffians" from Missouri invade Kansas and force election of a pro-slavery legislature.
• 1855 - Violence disrupts first Kansas election .
• 1856 - The Treaty of Paris (1856) is signed, ending the Crimean War.
• 1857 - Leon Charles Thevenin was born (d. 1926). French telegraph engineer.
• 1858 - Hymen Lipman patents a pencil with an attached eraser.
• 1859 - Adelino Fontoura was born (d. 1884). Brazilian poet and actor.
• 1863 - Danish prince Wilhelm Georg is chosen as King George of Greece.
• 1863 - Auguste Bravais dies (b. 23 Aug 1811). French physicist and mineralogist, best remembered for his work on the lattice theory of crystals.
• 1863 - Mary Whiton Calkins was born (d. 26 Feb 1930). As an educator and psychologist, she was the first American woman to attain distinction in these fields of study. Calkins studied psychology at Harvard as a "guest," since women could not officially register.
• 1864 - Franz Oppenheimer was born (d. 1943). German sociologist.
• 1866 - Peter Philippi was born (d. 1958). German artist.
• 1867 - Alaska is purchased for $7.2 million, about 2 cent/acre ($4.19/km²), by United States Secretary of State William H. Seward. The news media call this Seward's Folly.
• 1868 - Koloman Moser was born (d. 18 Oct 1918). Austrian painter.
• 1870 - Texas is readmitted to the Union following Reconstruction.
• 1870 - 15th Amendment passes, guarantees right to vote regardless of race.
• 1872 - Júlio Mário Salusse was born in Bom Jardim (RJ) (d. 30 Jan. 1948). Brazilian poet.
• 1873 - Benedict Augustin Morel dies (b. 22 Nov 1809). Austrian-born French psychologist who introduced the term dementia praecox to refer to a mental and emotional deterioration beginning at the time of puberty. The disorder was renamed schizophrenia in 1908 by the Swiss psychologist Eugen Bleuler. He is the author of "Traité des dégenerescences physiques, intellectuelles et morales de l'espèce humaine" (1857).
• 1875 - Dalmacio Vélez Sarsfield dies. Argentine statesman and author of the Civil Code (Código Civil).
• 1875 - Jonathan Campbell was born (d. 1942). Film pioneer.
• 1876 - Antoine-Jérôme Balard dies (b. 30 Sept 1802). French chemist who in 1826 discovered the element bromine, determined its properties, and studied some of its compounds. Later he proved the presence of bromine in sea plants and animals .
• 1879 - Coen de Koning was born (d.1954). Dutch speed skater.
• 1879 - Thomas Couture dies (b. 21 Dec 1818). French painter and teacher.
• 1880 - Sean O'Casey was born (d. 1964). Irish dramatist, playwright (Playboy of the Western World) .
• 1882 - Melanie Klein was born. Austrian-British psycho analysis.
• 1882 - Ramón Mesonero Romanos dies. Writer.
• 1885 - The Battle for Kushka triggers the Pandjeh Incident which nearly gives rise to war between the British Empire and Russian Empire.
• 1885 - Las tropas invasoras guatemaltecas son derrotadas por las salvadoreñas en una batalla librada en los márgenes del río Coco.
• 1885 - Russian troops inflicted a crushing defeat on Afghan forces Ak Teppe despite orders not to fight.
• 1886 - Edmund Blampied was born (d. 1966). English painter.
• 1886 - Joseph-Alfred Mousseau dies (b. 1838). French Canadian politician.
• 1891 - Arthur William Sidney Herrington was born (d. 6 Sep 1970). American engineer and manufacturer who developed a series of military vehicles, the best known of which was the World War II jeep.
• 1892 - Stefan Banach was born (d. 31 Aug 1945). Polish mathematician who founded modern functional analysis and helped develop the theory of topological vector spaces.
• 1892 - Fortunato Depero was born (d. 1960). Italian artist.
• 1892 - Erhard Milch was born (d. 1972). German field marshal.
• 1894 - Sergey Ilyushin was born (d. 1977). Russian aerospace engineer.
• 1895 - British inventor Birt Acres films Oxford-Cambridge.
• 1895 - Nikolai Bulganin was born (d.1975). Premier of the Soviet Union.
• 1895 - Jean Giono was born (d. 1970). French author.
• 1896 - Charilaos Trikoupis dies (b. 1832). Seven times prime-minister of Greece.
• 1899 - Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay was born (d. 1970). Well known Bengali writer.
• 1900 - El Gobierno argentino decreta la reforma de algunas frases del himno nacional que España podría considerar ofensivas.
• 1902 - Ted Heath was born (d. 1969). British musician and band leader.
• 1902 - Brooke Astor was born. American philanthropist.
• 1903 - Countee Cullen was born (d. 1946). American poet.
• 1903 - Joy Ridderhof was born (d. 194). American missionary.1904 - Ripper Collins was born (d. 1970). Baseball player.
• 1904 - Ripper Collins was born (d. 1970). Baseball player.
• 1905 - Albert Pierrepoint was born (d. 192). English executioner (d. 1992).
• 1907 - Friedrich August Freiherr von der Heydte was born (d. 1994). German Luftwaffe Officer.
• 1909 - The Queensboro Bridge opens, linking Manhattan & Queens.
• 1910 - Mississippi Legislature founded The University of Southern Mississippi.
• 1910 - Josef Marcinkiewicz was born (d. 1940). Polish mathematician.
• 1911 - Lötschberg tunnel in Switzerland (13,735 meter) completed.
• 1911 - Ellen Swallow Richards dies (b. 3 Dec 1842). Ellen Henrietta Swallow was an American chemist and founder of the home economics movement in the United States.
• 1912 - Sultan Abdelhafid signs The Treaty of Fès establishong a France protectorate over Morocco.
• 1912 - Karl May dies (b. 1842). German author, novelist.
• 1913 - Richard Helms was born (d. 2002). Director of the Central Intelligence Agency .
• 1913 - Frankie Laine was born. American singer.
• 1913 - Marc Davis was born (d. 2000). American animator.
• 1913 - Richard Helms was born (d. 2002). American Central Intelligence Agency director.
• 1913 - Censu Tabone was born. President of Malta.
• 1914 - Sonny Boy Williamson was born in Jackson, Tennessee (d. 1948). American blues vocalist and harmonica virtuoso.
• 1914 - John Henry Poynting dies (b. 9 Sep 1852).British physicist who introduced a theorem (1884-85) that assigns a value to the rate of flow of electromagnetic energy known as the Poynting vector, introduced in his paper "On the Transfer of Energy in the Electromagnetic Field"(1884).
• 1916 - El músico Enrique Granados muere a bordo del Sussex, torpedeado por los alemanes.
• 1916 - Pancho Villa killed 172 at the Guerrero garrison in Mexico.
• 1919 - McGeorge Bundy was born (d. 1996). American National Security Advisor .
• 1922 - Gago Coutinho e Sacadura Cabral fazem a primeira travessia aérea do Atlântico Sul.
• 1922 - Turhan Bey was born. Turkish-Czechoslovakian actor.
• 1923 - Milton Acorn was born (d. 1986). Canadian poet.
• 1925 - Stalin supported rights of non-Serbian Yugoslavians.
• 1925 - Rudolf Steiner dies. Austrian philosopher udolf Steiner dies.
• 1926 - Ingvar Kamprad was born. Swedish founder of IKEA.
• 1926 - Thiago de Mello was born. Brazilian poet.
• 1926 - Werner Torkanowsky was born (d. 1992). German conductor.d.
• 1927 - Se publica en Madrid la "Antología poética en honor de Góngora", recopilada por Gerardo Diego.
• 1927 - Peter Marshall was born. American game show host
• 1928 - Robert Badinter was born. French politician.
• 1928 - Tom Sharpe was born. English satirical author
• 1929 - Richard Dysart was born. American actor.
• 1929 - Thomas Tuke dies (b. 12 Jun 1858). British painter .
• 1930 - John Astin was born. American actor.
• 1930 - Rolf Harris was born. Australian artist, entertainer.
• 1930 - Peter Marshall was born. American game show host.
• 1930 - John Astin was born. American actor.
• 1931 - Aleksey Vasilyevich Sorokin was born. Russian cosmonaut.
• 1932 - Amelia Earhart is 1st woman to fly solo cross the Atlantic.
• 1932 - Ted Morgan was born. Swiss-born writer.
• 1933 - Jean-Claude Brialy was born. French actor and director.
• 1935 - Karl Berger was born. German musicologist and musician
• 1935 - Willie Galimore was born (d. 1964). American football player.
• 1936 - Conchita Supervía dies (b. 1895). Spanish opera singer.
• 1937 - Warren Beatty was born in Richmond VA - USA. Actor and director (actor: Splendor in the Grass, The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone, Bonnie and Clyde, McCabe & Mrs. Miller, The Parallax View, Shampoo, Heaven Can Wait, Reds, Dick Tracy, Bulworth, Town and Country; Academy Award-winning director: Reds [1981]; Heaven Can Wait, Dick Tracy, Bulworth; Irving G. Thalberg Memorial [Academy] Award [2000]).
• 1939 - The Heinkel He 100 fighter sets the world airspeed record of 463 mph.
• 1939 - First flight of the Australian C.A.C. CA-16 Wirraway.
• 1940 - The Japanese set up a puppet government called Manchuko in Nanking, China.
• 1940 - Sino-Japanese War: Japan declares Nanking to be the capital of a new Chinese puppet government, nominally controlled by Wang Ching-wei.
• 1940 - Jerry Lucas was born. American basketball player.
• 1941 - The U.S. seized Italian, German and Danish ships in 16 ports.
• 1941 - Wasim Sajjad was born. Former President of Pakistan .
• 1941 - Graeme Edge was born in Rochester, Staffordshire. Musician (drums: "The Moody Blues" : Nights in White Satin, LP: Kick Off Your Muddy Boots, Long Distance Voyager).
• 1943 - Ken Forssi was born (d. 1998). American musician (Love).
• 1943 - Jan Bytnar dies (b. 1921). Polish activist.
• 1943 - Maciej Aleksy Dawidowski dies (b. 1920). Polish activist.
• 1944 - Sir Charles Vernon Boys dies (b.15 Mar 1855). English physicist and inventor of sensitive instruments.
• 1945 - 289 anti-fascists murdered by Nazis in Rombergpark Dortmund .
• 1945 - World War II: Soviet Union forces invade Austria and take Vienna, Polish and Soviet forces liberate Gdańsk.
• 1945 - World War II: a defecting German pilot delivers a Messerschmitt Me 262A-1 to Americans.
• 1945 - A cidade polaca de Danzig foi tomada pelas tropas soviéticas.
• 1945 - Eric Clapton was born. British guitarist/singer.
• 1946 - Academy Award radio, an anthology radio show on CBS, debuts on this day.
• 1946 - Doris Day (I) gets married with George Weidler .
• 1947 - Ryszard Kotla was born. Polish travel writer and activist, tour guide, journalist, academic teacher, engineer.
• 1947 - Arthur Machen dies (b. 1863). Author.
• 1947 - Rioting between Hindus and Muslims in Bombay leave 40 dead and more than 100 wounded.
• 1948 - Mervyn King was born. British economist.
• 1948 - Eddie Jordan Former owner of Jordan Grand Prix
• 1948 - Mahatma Gandhi assassinated in New Delhi .
• 1949 - Riot breaks out in Austurvöllur square in Reykjavík, when Iceland joined NATO.
• 1949 - Lene Lovich was born on Detroit, Michigan. American singer
• 1949 - Naomi Sims was born. American fashion model and businesswoman
• 1949 - Liza Frulla was born. Quebec politician
• 1949 - Friedrich Bergius dies (b 1884). German chemist and entrepreneur Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931.
• 1949 - Marcia Ball was born. Blues pianist .
• 1949 - José Natividad González Parás was born. Mexican politician.
• 1949 - Friedrich Bergius dies (b. 11 Oct 1884). German chemist, who invented converting coal dust and hydrogen directly into gasoline and lubricating oils without isolating intermediate products, (Stuttgart, 25 June 1921). For his work in developing the chemical high pressure hydrogenation method necessary for this process he shared the 1931 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with Carl Bosch of Germany.
• 1950 - The invention of the phototransistor was announced. This was a transistor operated by light rather than electric current, invented by Dr. John Northrup Shive of the Bell Telephonke Laboratories at Murray Hill, N.J. .
• 1950 - Robbie Coltrane was born. Scottish actor and comedian.
• 1950 - Léon Blum dies (b. 1872). French prime minister.
• 1951 - Yves Séguin was born. Quebec politician
• 1951 - Remington Rand delivers the first UNIVAC I computer to the United States Census Bureau.
• 1952 - Peter Knights was born. Australian footballer and coach.
• 1953 - Einstein announced his revised unified field theory.
• 1953 - Cydney Bernard was born. American film producer .
• 1954 - Yonge Street subway line opens in Toronto. It is the first subway in Canada.
• 1954 - Nascimento de Rosi Campos (Rosângela Martins Campos), atriz brasileira, em Bragança Paulista-SP.
• 1954 - Fritz Wolfgang London dies (b. 7 Mar 1900). German-American physicist who, with Walter Heitler, devised the first quantum mechanical treatment of the hydrogen molecule, while working with Schrödinger at the University of Zurich.
• 1955 - 27th Academy Awardst at The RKO Pantages Theater in Los Angeles : "On the Waterfront",(Sam Spiegel, producer) won Oscars for Best Picture, Director (Elia Kazan), Actor (Marlon Brando), Supporting Actress (Eva Marie Saint) and more (art direction, cinematography, film editing, writing). Grace Kelly was voted Best Actress for "The Country Girl" . Best Supporting Actor was Edmond O’Brien for "The Barefoot Contessa" and Best Music/Song Oscars went to Jule Styne (music), Sammy Cahn (lyrics) for "Three Coins in the Fountain" from the flick of the same name.
• 1955 - Randy VanWarmer was born (d. 2004). American singer, guitarist and songwriter
• 1956 - Bill Butler was born. Scottish politician.
• 1957 - Paul Reiser was born. American actor.
• 1958 - Israeli and Syrian troops clash over Israeli reclamation work near the Lake Hula area.
• 1958 - Maurice LaMarche was born. Canadian voice actor.
• 1959 - Peter Ellis was born. Convicted child abuser
• 1959 - Sabine Meyer was born. German clarinetist
• 1959 - Daniil Andreev dies (b. 1906). Russian writer and mystic.
• 1961 - The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs is signed at New York.
• 1961 - Doug Wickenheiser was born (d. 1999). Canadian ice hockey player.
• 1962 - MC Hammer was born. America rap musician.
• 1962 - Jack Paar films his last episode of The Tonight Show.
• 1962 - MC Hammer was born. American rapper.
• 1963 - Eli-Eri Moura was born. Brazilian composer, conductor and music theorist.
• 1964 - Merv Griffin's game show Jeopardy! makes its debut on television. Art Fleming hosts the first version, on NBC.
• 1964 - Tracy Chapman was born. Grammy Award-winning folk, pop singer-songwriter Singer (Freedom Now, I Got a Fast Car).
• 1964 - Ian Ziering was born. American actor.
• 1964 - Dave Ellett was born. Canadian hockey player.
• 1964 - Vlado Bozinovski was born. Australian former footballer
• 1964 - The game show Jeopardy! debuts on television.
• 1964 - Nascimento de Vera Zimmermmann (Vera Alice Santos Zimmermann), atriz brasileira, em Santos-SP.
• 1965 - Vietnam War: A car bomb explodes in front of the U.S. Embassy in Saigon, killing 22 and wounding 183 others.
• 1965 - Piers Morgan was born. British journalist
• 1965 - Philip Showalter Hench dies (b. 28 Feb 1896). American physician who was one of the leaders in American rheumatology. He shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1950(with Edward C. Kendall and Tadeus Reichstein of Switzerland) for discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects .
• 1966 - Joey Castillo was born. American drummer (Queens of the Stone Age)
• 1966 - Efstratios Grivas was born. Greek chess grandmaster and author
• 1966 - Maxfield Parrish dies (b. 1870). American artist.
• 1966 - Newbold Morris dies (b. 1902). American politician.
• 1967 - Christopher Bowman was born (d. 2008). American figure skater.
• 1967 - Megumi Hayashibara was born. Japanese seiyū.
• 1967 - Jean Toomer dies (b. 1894). American writer.
• 1968 - General Ludvik Svoboda was elected president of Czechoslovakia.
• 1968 - Donna D'Errico was born. Actress (Baywatch) model, playmate (September 1995) .
• 1968 - Céline Dion was in Québec. Canadian singer (I'm Your Woman).
• 1968 - Bobby Driscoll dies (b. 1937). American actor.
• 1970 - Secretariat was born (d. 1989). Triple Crown -winning race horse.
• 1970 - Heinrich Brüning dies (b. 1885). Chancellor of Germany.
• 1971 - Adam Bennett was born. Canadian ice hockey player.
• 1971 - Mark Consuelos was born. American actor.
• 1972 - Vietnam War: The Eastertide Offensive begins after North Vietnamese forces cross into the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) of South Vietnam.
• 1972 - Northern Ireland's provincial government and parliament were suspended and Britain imposed direct rule from London for one year.
• 1972 - Mili Avital was born. Israeli-American actress.
• 1972 - Karel Poborský was born. Czeck footballer.
• 1972 - Gabriel Heatter dies (b. 1890). American radio commentator.
• 1973 - Ellsworth Bunker resigned as U.S. ambassador to South Vietnam, and was succeeded by Graham A. Martin.
• 1973 - Jan Koller was born. Czech footballer.
• 1973 - Matthew Pritchard was born. Welsh Stuntman.
• 1974 - The Ramones play their first ever gig as a trio at CBGB's in New York City.
• 1975 - Da Nang fell as 100,000 South Vietnamese soldiers surrender after being abandoned by their commanding officers. As the North Vietnamese forces moved toward Saigon, desperate South Vietnamese soldiers mobbed rescue jets. General Vo Nguyen Giap masterminded the North Vietnamese victory.
• 1975 - Bahar Soomekh was born. American actress
• 1976 - España: se emplea el vasco en el Ayuntamiento de San Sebastián, después de 40 años.
• 1976 - Obadele Thompson was born. Barbadian athlete .
• 1976 - Mark McClelland was born. Northern Irish musician (Degrassi)
• 1976 - Ty Conklin was born. American ice hockey player.
• 1976 - Obadele Thompson was born. Barbadian athlete.
• 1977 - Trans World Airlines v. Hardison: The Supreme Court decided 7-2 that TWA went far enough in attempting to accommodate Hardison's religious beliefs and that the company was justified in firing him when he refused to comply with his work assignments.
• 1977 - Abdel Halim Hafez dies (b. 1929). Egyptian singer and actor.
• 1977 - Sergey Ilyushin dies (b. 1894). Russian aerospace engineer.
• 1978 - Chris Paterson was born. Scottish rugby player.
• 1978 - Fabian Basabe was born. American reality series star
• 1979 - Airey Neave, a British politician, is killed by a car bomb as he exits the Palace of Westminster. The Irish National Liberation Army claims responsibility.
• 1979 - Norah Jones was born. American singer and pianist.
• 1979 - Simon Webbe was born. English singer.
• 1979 - José María Velasco Ibarra dies. Equatorian politic.
• 1980 - Se constituye en la ciudad de Guernica el Parlamento Vasco.
• 1980 - Paul Wall was born. American rapper.
• 1980 - Ricardo Osorio was born. Mexican footballer.
• 1980 - Yalin was born. Turkish singer and songwriter
• 1981 - President Ronald Reagan is shot in the chest outside a Washington, D.C. hotel by John Hinckley, Jr., family friend of the Vice President.
• 1981 - DeWitt Wallace dies (b. 1889). American publisher.
• 1982 - Pitbull was born. American latin rapper.
• 1982 - Space Shuttle program: STS-3 Mission completed with the landing of Columbia at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico.
• 1982 - Jason Dohring was born. American actor.
• 1983 - The 5-day workweek and 8-hour day are officially established in Greece.
• 1983 - Scott Moffatt was born. Canadian singer and songwriter
• 1983 - Davis Romero was born. Panamanian baseball player
• 1983 - Hebe Tian was born. Taiwanese singer (S.H.E)
• 1983 - Jérémie Aliadière was born. French footballer
• 1983 - Zach Gowen was born. American professional wrestler
• 1984 - Board of Education of Kiryas Joel Village School v. Grumet: The Supreme Court found that a school district boundary was unconstitutionally drawn to deliberately aid a particular religious group.
• 1984 - Mario Ancic was born. Croatian tennis player.
• 1984 - Anna Nalick was born. American singer and songwriter.
• 1984 - Karl Rahner dies (b. 1904). German theologian.
• 1985 - Harold Peary dies (b. 1908). American actor and singer.
• 1986 - Una mujer sometida en Londres a fecundación "in vitro", Linda Jacobsen, da a luz quintillizos.
• 1986 - Sergio Ramos was born. Spanish footballer
• 1986 - Beni Arashiro was born. Japanese singer
• 1986 - James Cagney dies at his Stanfordville NY farm (b. 1899); American Academy Award actor (Public Enemy, Angels With Dirty Faces, Yankee Doodle Dandy ...).
• 1987 - 59th Academy Awards Cerimony took place at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion of the Los Angeles Music Center. Chevy Chase, Goldie Hawn and Paul Hogan ("Crocodile Dundee") hosted. : Best Picture "Platoon" (Arnold Kopelson, producer); Best Director: Oliver Stone for "Platoon"; Best Actor : Paul Newman ( for "The Color of Money"); Best Actress: Marlee Matlin for "Children of a Lesser God"; Best Supporting Actor: Michael Caine for "Hannah and Her Sisters"; Best Supporting Actress: Dianne Wiest for "Hannah and Her Sisters" and Best Music/Song: Giorgio Moroder (music), Tom Whitlock (lyrics) for "Take My Breath Away" from "Top Gun". And HBO (Home Box Office) earned its first Oscar as "Down and Out in America" tied for Best Documentary feature.
• 1987 - Vincent Van Gogh's painting "Sunflowers" is bought for $39.85 million.
• 1988 - Stephen McLeod Blythe was born. Scottish singer (The RipOffs)
• 1988 - Edgar Faure dies (b. 1908). French politician.
• 1989 - Sreya was born. Indian actress
• 1992 - Dimite el Gobierno brasileño por denuncias de corrupción del presidente, Fernando Collor.
• 1992 - 64th Academy Awards. Billy Crystal was host. "The Silence of the Lambs" won five Oscars, including Best Picture, the Best Director Oscar for Jonathan Demme, the Best Actor for Anthony Hopkins and the Best Actress for Jodie Foster. Jack Palance won Best Supporting Actor for playing Curly in "City Slickers" and the Best Supporting Actress Oscar was claimed by Mercedes Ruehl for "The Fisher King".
• 1992 - Incorporação no Exército das primeiras mulheres.
• 1992 - Manolis Andronikos dies (b. 23 Oct 1919). Greek archaeologist who discovered ancient royal tombs in northern Greece, possibly belonging to the Macedonian King Philip II, the father of Alexander III the Great.
• 1993 - In Sarajevo, two Serb militiamen were sentenced to death for war crimes committed in Bosnia.
• 1993 - Jamaican premier Percival Patterson wins parliamentary election .
• 1994 - Serbs and Croats signed a cease-fire to end their war in Croatia while Bosnian Muslims and Serbs continued to fight each other.
• 1995 - Pope John Paul II issued the 11th encyclical of his papacy in which he condemned abortion and euthanasia as crimes that no human laws could legitimize.
• 1997 - Television channel Five (TV) is launched by the Spice Girls as the fifth British terrestrial TV channel.
• 1997 - José Rovirosa dies. Mexican film director and producer.
• 1997 - Steve Elkington wins Golf's Players Championship .
• 1998 - Armenia: Prime Minister Robert Kocharian won the runoff vote with 59%.
• 1998 - In Britain the Rolls-Royce company of Vickers PLC was sold to BMW of Germany for $570 million.
• 1998 - El tenista chileno Marcelo Ríos se ubica primero en la clasificación de la ATP.
• 1999 - Michel Etcheverry dies (b. 16 Dec 1919). French actor.
• 1999 - Gary Morton dies (b. 1924). American film and television producer.
• 1999 - A jury in Portland, Oregon orders Phillip Morris to pay $81,000,000 to the family of a man who died of lung cancer after smoking Marlboros for four decades.
• 2001 - David Waters is sentenced for the murders of Madalyn Murray O'Hair, her son Jon Garth, and her granddaughter Robin O'Hair.
• 2002 - A suicide bomber, Mohammad Salahat (22), struck in Tel Aviv and 32 people were injured. Israeli troops sealed Arafat in his Ramallah compound. A Hamas suicide bomber killed 15 Israelis at the Matza restaurant in Haifa.
• 2002 - The Angola government and Unita signed a preliminary cease-fire agreement. The deal carved up the nation’s diamond mines among officials in Luanda and the rebels.
• 2002 - Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon dies (b. 1900). Queen Mother of the United Kingdom.
• 2002 - Søren Nystrøm Rasted dies (b. 1969). Danish Musician, husband of Lene.
• 2003 - A law banning cigarette smoking in all places of employment, including restaurants and bars, went into effect in New York City.
• 2003 - In Netanya, Israel, Rami Ghanem (20), a Palestinian suicide bomber, exploded near the London Café and at least 30 people were injured. The Islamic Jihad called the attack "Palestine's gift to the heroic people of Iraq."
• 2003 - Rudolf Walter Leonhardt dies. German journalist.
• 2003 - Valentin Pavlov dies (b. 1937). Prime minister of the Soviet Union.
• 2003 - Michael Jeter dies (b. 1952). American actor.
• 2004 - Hubert Gregg dies (b. 1914). British broadcaster.
• 2004 - Michael King dies (b. 1945). New Zealand historian.
• 2004 - Timi Yuro dies (b. 1940). American singer.
• 2004 - Alistair Cooke dies (b. 1908). English-born journalist, television host and author. His books included "Alistair Cooke's America" (1972).
• 2004 - A boat carrying 107 people sank during the crossing from Somalia to Yemen and only four other people, including two crew members, were rescued.
• 2005 - Robert Creeley dies in Odessa (b. 1926). American poet.
• 2005 - Milton Green dies (b. 1913). American athlete.
• 2005 - Fred Korematsu dies (b. 1919). American civil rights activist.
• 2005 - O. V. Vijayan dies (b. 1930). Indian author and cartoonist.
• 2005 - Derrick Plourde dies (b. 1971). American punk drummer.
• 2006 - Ugadi: Hindu New Years Day. Many believe that Brahma started the creation on this day.
• 2006 - Marcos Pontes is the first Brazilian astronaut in space.
• 2006 - UK Terrorism Act 2006 becomes law.
• 2006 - Ana Montenegro dies (b. 1915). Braziilian journalist and poet.
• 2006 - Red Hickey dies (b. 1917). American football coach.
• Roman Empire - Festival devoted to Salus
• Land Day
• Spiritual Baptist/Shouter Liberation Day - Public holiday in Trinidad and Tobago